Deck 12: Undernutrition Throughout the World

Question 1

All of the following are results of undernutrition except

A) reduction of activity.
B) blindness from xerophthalmia.
C) iron-deficiency anemia.
D) coronary heart disease.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Millennium Development Goal 4 is to reduce _________________ mortality.

A) maternal
B) child
C) teenage
D) female

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Humans are particularly susceptible to the effects of undernutrition during periods of rapid growth, such as during ____________.

A) adulthood
B) middle age
C) menopause
D) pregnancy

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Impaired development or function that results from an inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of the nutrients needed for optimal growth, development, and body function is best termed

A) malnutrition.
B) undernutrition.
C) malabsorption.
D) hunger.

Question 5

Which of the following is not true about the effects of undernutrition in poor countries?

A) Iron and zinc deficiency both can lead to poor immune function.
B) Ill health that results from nutritional deficiencies can diminish the ability of citizens to perform at peak levels of physical and mental capacity.
C) Symptoms of underweight rarely result in deficiencies.
D) People in poor countries often have greater nutrient requirements for iron because they must combat rampant parasite and other infections.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about chronic hunger in the world?

A) Chronic hunger is not found in developed countries.
B) Hunger, by definition, is when someone eats no food for a long period of time.
C) The primary cause of hunger is poverty.
D) Hunger is the psychological and physiological state that results when enough food is eaten to meet energy needs.

Question 7

_______________ is the physiological state that results when not enough food is eaten to meet energy needs.

A) Food insecurity
B) Malnutrition
C) Hunger
D) Anorexia

Question 8

If a mother is undernourished during pregnancy, her infant is likely to be born with

A) low birth weight.
B) high blood pressure.
C) low blood sugar.
D) high blood sugar.

Question 9

What is the term to describe failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that either fails to meet or greatly exceeds nutritional needs?

A) Undernutrition
B) Overnutrition
C) Emaciation
D) Malnutrition

Question 10

Which of the following is true about semistarvation?

A) Impairment does not occur if there are no clinical symptoms.
B) Often the first sign that tissues are being affected is a biochemical change that may be detectable by a blood test.
C) Physical symptoms often appear before evidence of biochemical changes.
D) Action to correct undernutrition should only be taken when clinical symptoms are detected.

Question 11

The primary cause of chronic hunger is

A) poverty.
B) lack of technological advances.
C) cultural food preferences.
D) lack of large farms in developing countries.

Question 12

Millennium Development Goal 6 is to combat ___________________ and other diseases.

A) scurvy, xeropthamia
B) HIV/AIDS, malaria
C) iron deficiency anemia
D) beriberi, pellagra

Question 13

Don is suffering from malnutrition. Which of the following might be true of his condition?

A) This means that he must be undernourished.
B) This means that he must be experiencing chronic hunger.
C) This means that he must be experiencing a vitamin deficiency.
D) He could be suffering from undernutrition or overnutrition.

Question 14

The majority of hungry people live in

A) Africa.
B) Asia.
C) Latin America.
D) Europe.

Question 15

The consequences of undernutrition are most critical during

A) adulthood.
B) elementary school years.
C) infancy.
D) elderly years.

Question 16

The __________________________________ are eight goals that address poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women.

A) Food and Agriculture Organization Goals
B) Healthy People 2020 Goals
C) Millennium Development Goals
D) Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Question 17

The United Nations member states have agreed to make progress to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by the year

A) 2015
B) 2020
C) 2025
D) 2030

Question 18

All of the following are effects of semistarvation except

A) decreased energy level and strength.
B) poor concentration.
C) lack of hunger and appetite.
D) reduced immunity.

Question 19

All of the following are true about undernutrition during pregnancy except

A) mother and fetus both are affected.
B) only the mother is affected significantly.
C) iron-deficiency anemia is a possible consequence in the mother.
D) risk of maternal death is increased.

Question 20

Failing health that results from a long-standing dietary intake that does not meet nutritional needs is termed

A) starvation.
B) undernutrition.
C) emaciation.
D) chronic hunger.

Question 21

All of the following are socioeconomic factors affecting hunger in the Unites States except

A) poverty.
B) homelessness.
C) political influences.
D) weather.

Question 22

The homeless in the United States are at increased risk of undernutrition. Which of the following is true about the homeless?

A) Most of them are alcoholics.
B) Most of them are lazy.
C) Many are members of families with children.
D) All are poorly educated.

Question 23

The "green revolution" was a

A) movement that increased crop yields.
B) strategy to get countries to stop using fertilizers.
C) movement to prevent the destruction of rain forests.
D) Third World crop-planting strategy that avoids pesticide and fertilizer use.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about the history of nutrition assistance programs in the United States?

A) Food assistance programs developed in the 1960s and 1970s are not relevant to the current problem of undernutrition in the United States.
B) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 expanded food assistance benefits for low-income families.
C) Reducing funding for federal nutrition programs affects the amount of undernutrition in the United States.
D) More than 150,000 charitable food programs help to address unmet needs of undernourished Americans.

Question 25

Which of the following is true about homelessness and undernutrition in America?

A) The homeless have plenty of resources; they just fail to utilize them.
B) Homeless children are about half as likely to experience hunger compared to children living in homes.
C) The rate of homelessness has declined over the last 25 years.
D) The recent increase in homelessness stems from a shortage of affordable rental housing coupled with an increase in poverty.

Question 26

The roots of undernutrition in the United States are mainly _______________, economic, and socioeconomic rather than technical. As policies of the federal government change, so does the problem of undernutrition.

A) agricultural
B) biological
C) political
D) nutritional

Question 27

All of the following are obstacles to solving problems of undernutrition in developing nations except

A) an imbalance between food/population ratios.
B) poor infrastructure.
C) lack of available technology that could be taught to the populations.
D) war.

Question 28

Since the early 1900s, the role of the United States government in providing food assistance to the poor has steadily ____________________.

A) decreased
B) increased

Question 29

The Healthy Food Financing Initiative aims to eliminate the problem of

A) food deserts.
B) tooth decay.
C) unhealthy vending machine options in schools.
D) iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 30

Which of the following is not true regarding the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A) SNAP is the new name for the Food Stamp Program.
B) SNAP participants can use benefits to purchase food and garden seeds to grow food.
C) The target beneficiaries of SNAP are pregnant or lactating women and their children.
D) The Recovery Act increased benefits for SNAP participants.

Question 31

All of the following adversely affect the food/population ratio except

A) scientific advances that increase food production.
B) lack of birth control.
C) lack of food distribution methods.
D) lack of farmable land.

Question 32

Which of the following factors will adversely affect the nutritional status of a country?

A) Movement of the population to urban centers
B) Maintenance of rural, small farms
C) Movement away from the growth of cash crops
D) Discouraging the establishment of large farms

Question 33

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

A) provides breakfast for school children.
B) provides food vouchers and nutrition education to low-income pregnant and lactating women and their young children.
C) has not been shown to be cost-effective.
D) has not been shown to reduce the numbers of low-birth-weight babies.

Question 34

Approximately how many Americans live at or below the poverty level of $24,850 annually for a family of four?

A) 5 million
B) 10 million
C) 25 million
D) 45 million

Question 35

The food assistance program developed in the 1960s to help whole families purchase healthy foods is the

A) School Breakfast Program.
B) School Lunch Program.
C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
D) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Question 36

The major cause of undernutrition in the United States is

A) political.
B) lack of food production.
C) lack of technological advances.
D) inadequate use of biotechnology.

Question 37

Elements that adversely influence the food/population ratio include all of the following except

A) enhancing access to education for women.
B) war and political/civil unrest.
C) rapid depletion of natural resources.
D) AIDS.

Question 38

____________ is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories, protein, or both. Two examples of this type of malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.

A) Protein-energy malnutrition
B) Anorexia
C) Starvation
D) Scurvy

Question 39

A promising strategy to help other countries increase food resources has been

A) to use "green revolution" technologies.
B) to establish large farms that grow cash crops.
C) to try to obtain more food from the oceans.
D) to cut down rain forests so there is more farmable land.

Question 40

The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the United States continues to be _______________.

A) homelessness
B) overpopulation
C) increased life expectancy
D) poverty

Question 41

The single most effective health advantage for people wherever they live is

A) adequate kilocalorie intake.
B) safe and convenient water supply.
C) well-built shelter.
D) adequate water intake.

Question 42

Housing, sanitation and storage facilities, and education, communication, and transportation systems are called a country's _______________.

A) architecture
B) facilitation structure
C) social structure
D) infrastructure

Question 43

Which of the following is the best approach to preventing famine in developing nations?

A) Increase the productivity of rural people by teaching them farming methods so they can build agricultural surpluses to eat and sell.
B) Developed countries should send food and medicine.
C) Developing countries should grow cash crops.
D) Discourage having livestock.

Question 44

Which of the following is not true about AIDS?

A) It is transmitted in body fluids.
B) After infection with the HIV virus, AIDS symptoms generally begin showing within a year.
C) Eating a balanced diet cannot prevent or stave off HIV infection.
D) Eating a good diet cannot cure the disease.

Question 45

The acronym AIDS stands for ___________________________.

A) acquired immune deficiency syndrome
B) autoimmune deficit syndrome
C) antibiotic infection deficiency syndrome
D) anti-immune deficiency syndrome

Question 46

The organ system most affected by undernutrition in infancy and early childhood is the _______________.

A) nervous
B) cardiovascular
C) muscular
D) respiratory

Question 47

According to the ____________ approach, improving women's access to education, information and communication technologies, resources, and governance will help to propel nations out of poverty.

A) feminist
B) gender and development
C) literacy
D) technological

Question 48

Which of the following is true about the type of person who gets AIDS?

A) It is limited to homosexuals.
B) It is limited to African-Americans.
C) Only males get it.
D) Anyone who engages in sexual activity without a condom or shares needles during intravenous drug use can get it.

Question 49

Which of the following is the best approach to eradicating undernutrition in developing nations?

A) Have developed countries give direct food aid to underdeveloped countries
B) Improve the infrastructure of rural regions
C) Establish large farms
D) Provide more jobs in urban centers

Question 50

Which of the following is true about acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

A) Mothers with AIDS should breastfeed their babies if the water supply is not safe for formula preparation.
B) AIDS reduces overall calorie needs.
C) AIDS is not an economic problem.
D) Developed nations, such as the United States, have the most infections.

Question 51

Which of the following is not true about the social and economic impact of AIDS?

A) AIDS tends to have the greatest social and economic impact on developing countries.
B) AIDS will have the greatest economic impact on the United States.
C) Most governments have responded slowly to the AIDS epidemic.
D) A significant portion of the male population of many developing countries will be lost to AIDS and will decrease the workforce that can make a country more productive.

Question 52

Which of the following is not true about sustainable agriculture?

A) Sustainable agriculture provides a secure living for farm families.
B) Sustainable agriculture maintains the natural environment and resources.
C) Sustainable agricultural practices have a promising role in developed nations, but probably would not benefit farmers and consumers in developing nations.
D) Sustainable agriculture offers respect and fair treatment to farm workers, consumers, and the animals raised for food.

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?

A) Cross-breeding wheat and corn
B) Educating farmers about the advantages of one type of rice over another
C) Developing new, biodegradable pesticides
D) Changing DNA inside grape seeds so they produce their own pesticide to prevent attack by insects

Question 54

In terms of population migration and distribution, a movement from rural areas to urban areas tends to make the problem of undernutrition worse in the world.

Question 55

According to the conceptual framework of malnutrition developed by the United Nations Children's Fund in 1990, the underlying causes of malnutrition include

A) insufficient health services.
B) human and economic resources.
C) inadequate dietary intake and unsatisfactory health.
D) inadequate access to food and health services.

Question 56

In light of its devastating toll on families, a big step toward alleviating poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa and many other developing nations would be to limit the spread of

A) AIDS.
B) scurvy.
C) sickle cell anemia.
D) iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 57

One of the best ways to decrease the population aspect of the food/population ratio is for countries to institute birth control programs.

Question 58

Which of the following is not true about "new biotechnology"?

A) It has no beneficial applications that are without significant risks.
B) Most of the possible risks of its use are uncertain at this time.
C) Most soybeans produced in the United States are genetically engineered.
D) It is unlikely, at this point in time, that it will be a helpful solution to the undernutrition problem in developing nations.

Question 59

The manipulation of nature (plants, animals, and bacteria) to increase production and food yield and the use of living things to manufacture products is called

A) biofeedback.
B) gene splicing.
C) biotechnology.
D) agribusiness.

Question 60

Manipulating the DNA inside cells to improve production of materials or the material itself is called

A) social engineering.
B) translation.
C) transcription.
D) genetic engineering.

Question 61

Match the following with the descriptions below