Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychological disorders consist of emotions,behavior,and cognitive processes that are all of the following EXCEPT

A)maladaptive.
B)dysfunctional.
C)that they interfere with daily functioning.
D)immoral.

Answer 1

immoral.

Question 2

Those who are skeptical of the rise in ADHD diagnoses have most strongly emphasized that

A)an increased use of stimulant drugs has increased the incidence of ADHD symptoms.
B)today's more frequent diagnoses of ADHD reflect our increased awareness of the disorder.
C)children by nature are not designed to sit for long hours in classroom settings.
D)ADHD is a neurobiological disorder associated with abnormal brain functioning.

Answer 2

children by nature are not designed to sit for long hours in classroom settings.

Question 3

The first person to promote "moral treatment" for psychological disorders,instead of the brutal treatments used during his time,was

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Philippe Pinel.
C)David Rosenhan.
D)Lee Robins.

Answer 3

Philippe Pinel.

Question 4

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive,which means that they

A)interfere with normal day-to-day life.
B)are socially unacceptable.
C)differ from those of most other people in your culture.
D)can result only from genetic changes.

Question 5

Dr.Dominguez believes that psychological disorders are produced by neurological problems involving neurotransmitter imbalances.Dr.Dominguez's emphasis best illustrates

A)the medical model.
B)the cognitive perspective.
C)psychoanalytic theory.
D)a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 6

A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance

A)that is aggressive,persistent,and intentional.
B)that is selfish,habitual,and avoidable.
C)in a person's cognitions,emotion regulation,or behaviors.
D)that is biologically influenced,unconsciously motivated,and difficult to change.

Question 7

Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)bulimia nervosa
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 8

Brad has problems with extreme mood swings.His behavior has produced interpersonal,family,and occupational problems.Brad likely has

A)a psychological disorder.
B)hormonal problems.
C)a moral problem.
D)epigenetics.

Question 9

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

A)social circumstances and psychological factors.
B)biological evolution.
C)the DSM-5.
D)genetically influenced abnormalities.

Question 10

In 1973,the American Psychiatric Association discontinued classifying homosexuality as a disorder because mental health workers no longer considered same-sex attraction as inherently

A)stress-related.
B)dysfunctional.
C)compulsive.
D)illegal.

Question 11

About ________ percent of 4- to 17-year-old American children receive a diagnosis of ADHD.ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys.

A)4: less
B)18;more
C)11;less
D)7: more

Question 12

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities.He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted.Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)autism spectrum disorder.

Question 13

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system,this would most clearly give added credibility to

A)psychoanalytic theory.
B)the medical model.
C)the biopsychosocial approach.
D)the DSM-5.

Question 14

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of evil spirits or demon possession is that these explanations

A)were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia.
B)encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity.
C)led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.
D)relieved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

Question 15

According to the medical model,psychological disorders are

A)sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured.
B)maladaptive responses to a troubling environment.
C)purely imaginary symptoms of distress.
D)learned habits that need to be extinguished.

Question 16

Inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity are major symptoms of

A)OCD.
B)PTSD.
C)ADHD.
D)DSM.

Question 17

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends.This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

A)also noticeable in other members of her family.
B)preventing her from functioning effectively.
C)not caused by a biological disorder.
D)difficult for her to change.

Question 18

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of

A)the biopsychosocial approach.
B)the medical model.
C)the DSM-5.
D)epigenetics.

Question 19

ADHD is often treated with the ________ drugs Ritalin and Adderall.

A)opiate
B)stimulant
C)hunger-arousing
D)sleep-inducing

Question 20

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts,emotion regulation,or behaviors is most clearly an indication of

A)epigenetics.
B)environmental stress.
C)ADHD.
D)a psychological disorder.

Question 21

In the DSM-5,a condition formerly known as "Asperger's syndrome" is now included under the label

A)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
B)adult posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)autism spectrum disorder.

Question 22

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture.However,________ occurs worldwide.

A)taijin-kyofusho
B)bulimia nervosa
C)schizophrenia
D)susto

Question 23

The DSM-5 does NOT

A)include a classification of personality disorders.
B)explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
C)include a very broad range of psychological disorders.
D)provide guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Question 24

The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for

A)attempting to explain behavior by simply labeling it.
B)classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.
C)failing to base diagnoses on observable behaviors.
D)inhibiting scientific efforts to discover the underlying causes of psychological disorders.

Question 25

The American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual is used for several purposes,including

A)descriptions of disorders.
B)estimates of how often a disorder occurs.
C)determining who is eligible for treatment.
D)all of these purposes.

Question 26

Field trials indicate that the DSM-5 does NOT

A)include a very broad range of different psychological disorders.
B)estimate the frequency of different psychological disorders.
C)generate the same levels of diagnostic agreement for every different form of psychological disorder.
D)classify psychological disorders that have been shown to be genetically influenced.

Question 27

Sakura immigrated to the United States with her family when she was 12 years old.Since she moved away from her family to attend college she has demonstrated social anxiety;she also blushes and avoids eye contact with other students and her instructors.A Japanese psychologist is likely to diagnose Sakura with

A)taijin-kyofusho.
B)susto.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)amok.

Question 28

The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

A)explain
B)classify
C)cure
D)prevent

Question 29

Gina endured food poisoning during her childhood that blocked the expression of some of her genes.As a result,she now suffers from a severe psychological disorder.Her experience best illustrates the importance of

A)the DSM-5.
B)epigenetic effects.
C)natural selection.
D)the social-cultural perspective.

Question 30

Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused thinking,rejection from others,and low serotonin levels.The professor's emphasis best illustrates

A)the medical model.
B)the social-cultural perspective.
C)epigenetics.
D)the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 31

The interaction of genetic predispositions,mental processes,and cultural circumstances is most clearly emphasized by the

A)cognitive perspective.
B)medical model.
C)social-cultural perspective.
D)biopsychosocial approach.

Question 32

Dr.Wiseman believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states.He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics,social dynamics,and culture play a role in psychological disorders.Which of the following illustrates Dr.Wiseman's view?

A)the biopsychosocial approach
B)the medical model
C)epigenetics
D)the cognitive perspective

Question 33

Environmental influences can determine whether a gene is expressed.For some people,that will be decisive in whether they develop a psychological disorder.This best illustrates the need for

A)the cognitive perspective.
B)the social-cultural perspective.
C)research on epigenetics.
D)the DSM-5.

Question 34

The ideas that the mind and body work as one and that nature and nurture interact are most clearly emphasized by

A)the cognitive perspective.
B)the medical model.
C)the social-cultural perspective.
D)the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 35

Field trials of the DSM-5 have compared clinicians' diagnoses in order to

A)assess the reliability of its diagnostic criteria.
B)shorten the time it takes to make a diagnosis.
C)avoid invading clients' psychological privacy.
D)reduce the need for medical terminology in psychological assessments.

Question 36

Field trials assessing clinician agreement when using the new DSM-5 categories indicate that diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder fared ________ and diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder fared ________.

A)well;well
B)poorly;poorly
C)well;poorly
D)poorly;well

Question 37

Clinicians diagnose the presence of insomnia disorder using the ________ in the DSM-5.

A)biological predispositions identified
B)diagnostic criteria
C)biopsychosocial levels of analysis
D)cultural definitions of disorder

Question 38

It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why bulimia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures.

A)cognitive perspective
B)medical model
C)social-cultural perspective
D)biopsychosocial approach

Question 39

Among those seeking professional help for psychological disorders,eligibility for treatment is most likely to be guided by the use of the diagnostic criteria provided by

A)field trials.
B)the biopsychosocial approach.
C)maladaptive behaviors.
D)the DSM-5.

Question 40

The DSM-5 aims to provide all of the following EXCEPT

A)a guide to predict a disorder's future course.
B)suggestions for appropriate treatment.
C)the promotion of research into a disorder's causes.
D)help in creating labels that are self-fulfilling.

Question 41

Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?

A)The night before his final exam,Bill is unable to sleep because he is worried about doing well on the test.
B)For the past several weeks,Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school,even though she knows that he's safe.
C)Seth is upset because his girlfriend told him she wants to start dating other guys,and he is afraid that she will break up with him.
D)Barbara has just found out that her company has been sold,and she is very worried that she might lose her job.

Question 42

Generalized anxiety disorder is ________ common among men than women,and the symptoms ________ commonplace.

A)more;are
B)less;are not
C)more;are not
D)less;are

Question 43

Freud suggested that for those suffering a generalized anxiety disorder,the anxiety is

A)cyclical.
B)free-floating.
C)antisocial.
D)completely outside of conscious awareness.

Question 44

People with ________ are constantly tense and anxious,and their anxiety is pervasive.They feel anxious about a wide range of life circumstances,sometimes with little or no apparent justification.

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 45

Persistent avoidance of social situations because of an intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others is most characteristic of

A)panic disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)free-floating anxiety.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 46

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by constant,excessive,and unjustified anxiety about a wide range of issues and circumstances?

A)panic disorder
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)agoraphobia
D)posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 47

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home.She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work.Diane's free-floating anxiety leaves her tense and irritable,impairs her concentration,and results in many sleepless nights.Diane suffers from

A)a phobia.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 48

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities,they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom.This best illustrates that labels

A)have low reliability.
B)trigger epigenetic effects.
C)can be self-fulfilling.
D)prevent diagnostic classification.

Question 49

While he was studying,Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense fear.For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath.Matthew was most likely suffering from

A)social anxiety disorder.
B)a panic attack.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)a phobia.

Question 50

Patrick,who has been diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety disorder,is likely to experience

A)recurring haunting memories and feelings of worthlessness and jumpy anxiety.
B)the overwhelming urge to repeatedly wash his hands to avoid being contaminated by other people's germs.
C)a paralyzing fear of confined areas such as elevators or small rooms.
D)a paralyzing fear of performing even routine behaviors in public situations such as speaking or eating in a restaurant.

Question 51

After George learned that Mrs.Min suffered from schizophrenia,he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder.This best illustrates the

A)unreliability of the DSM-5.
B)shortcomings of the medical model.
C)biasing power of diagnostic labels.
D)dangers of the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 52

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by

A)intrusive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
B)a continuous state of tension,fearfulness,and autonomic nervous system arousal.
C)a persistent,irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object,activity,or situation.
D)nightmares,social withdrawal,jumpy anxiety,and/or insomnia.

Question 53

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly enabled by the use of

A)field studies.
B)diagnostic labels.
C)the medical model.
D)the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 54

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

A)bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
B)represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it.
C)interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders.
D)interfere with effective treatment of these disorders.

Question 55

Some critics note that the DSM-5's labels are subjective,thus creating expectations in clinicians that can ________ when diagnosing and treating a patient.

A)be self-fulfilling
B)lead to a moral treatment
C)lead to psychopathology
D)trigger epigenetic effects

Question 56

Rishi,a college student,complains that he is tense and feels fearful most of the time but doesn't know why.Without warning,his heart begins to pound,his hands get icy,and he breaks out in a cold sweat.Rishi most likely suffers from

A)social anxiety disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)a phobia.

Question 57

David Rosenhan and his fellow researchers were admitted as patients into various hospitals after they falsely complained of hearing voices.After hospital clinicians analyzed these patients' quite normal life histories

A)the patients were typically discharged from the hospital in less than a day after admission.
B)the clinicians refused to prescribe any medications for these patients.
C)the patients actually began to hear voices.
D)the clinicians identified the factors causing their disorders.

Question 58

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

A)bipolar disorder.
B)an anxiety disorder.
C)survivor resiliency.
D)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Question 59

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder,panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are

A)more intense and more prolonged.
B)less intense and less prolonged.
C)more intense and less prolonged.
D)less intense and more prolonged.

Question 60

Dion avoids all situations that involve him having a conversation with others,especially with women.He spends an inordinate amount of time avoiding situations that he fears may cause him to be judged or evaluated.Dion is demonstrating the symptoms of

A)panic disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)free-floating anxiety.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 61

Obsessions are

A)persistent,irrational fears of specific objects,activities,or situations.
B)feelings of jumpy anxiety.
C)periodic episodes of intense dread accompanied by frightening physical sensations.
D)intrusive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

Question 62

The most common symptoms of ________ are an irregular heartbeat,shortness of breath,and a choking sensation.The person may also sweat,tremble,and feel terrified.

A)a panic attack
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)free-floating anxiety

Question 63

Mrs.Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs.Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

A)compulsions.
B)an obsession.
C)agoraphobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 64

Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenth-floor apartment.To reduce his anxiety,he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud.Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing

A)panic disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 65

Repetitive,intrusive,and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform are characteristic of

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)specific phobia.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 66

The often long-lasting disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and life-threatening trauma is

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 67

Jessica's fear of panic attacks has limited her travel outside her home.Her fears are so intense that she will not venture outside to get her mail or even sit on her porch.For the most part,she is afraid of having another panic attack and not being able to get help.Jessica is suffering from

A)posttraumatic stress disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 68

Omar is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly,refuses to allow anyone into his apartment,carries his own silverware whenever he eats away from home,and washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else.Omar would most likely be diagnosed with

A)panic disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)agoraphobia.

Question 69

Every time she goes out,Carrie has to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells,an irregular heartbeat,and feeling as though she can't breathe.Finally,she decides to go to the emergency room but a thorough examination rules out any medical problem.Nevertheless,Carrie has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes and has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings.Carrie seems to be displaying symptoms of

A)posttraumatic stress disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)social anxiety disorder.
D)panic disorder.

Question 70

Kaylee is so afraid of snakes that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to spend time in her own backyard alone.Kaylee appears to suffer from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)depression.
D)specific phobia.

Question 71

Alan always has been terrified of spiders.He refuses to enter his bedroom at night until it has been thoroughly checked for spiders.Even a picture of a spider makes him extremely uncomfortable.Most likely,Alan is suffering from a psychological disorder called

A)social anxiety disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)specific phobia.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 72

Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of

A)depression.
B)compulsions.
C)phobias.
D)obsessions.

Question 73

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the most sudden and unpredictable episodes of distress?

A)social anxiety disorder
B)panic disorder
C)obsessions
D)compulsions

Question 74

The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch.His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of

A)panic disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 75

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment.The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her,so she has her groceries delivered.Because of her fear,she earns her living as a freelance writer,working at home.Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of

A)agoraphobia.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 76

Frequent,intrusive recollections of a traumatic event,social withdrawal,nightmares,and the increased physical arousal associated with anxiety are the major symptoms associated with

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 77

Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.

A)panic;agoraphobia
B)depression;compulsion
C)panic;phobia
D)obsession;compulsion

Question 78

Anxiety about having a panic attack in places or situations from which escape might be difficult indicates

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)social anxiety disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 79

For the third time in two months,Amber's husband rushed her to the hospital emergency room because she thought she was having a heart attack.Her symptoms included an irregular heartbeat,weakness,feeling faint,and feeling as if she were unable to breathe.Although her doctor says she is physically healthy,Amber lives in fear of another attack.Amber is most likely suffering from which psychological disorder?

A)specific phobia
B)panic disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 80

An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of

A)an obsession.
B)a compulsion.
C)specific phobia.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.