Deck 7: The Social Psychology of Deviance

Question 1

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Reinterpretations of past behaviors in light of the person's new role as a deviant.

Answer 1

V

Question 2

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ The initial deviant act that causes other people to label the individual a deviant.

Answer 2

O

Question 3

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Less-serious rules of behavior in a group or society.

Answer 3

S

Question 4

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Component of social control theory referring to emotional bonds with other people in society.

Question 5

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ People who try to obtain the goals of society through accepted means.

Question 6

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Theory that argues deviance is a consequence of a social process in which a negative characteristic becomes an element of an individual's identity.

Question 7

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Attempts to hide stigma by looking normal.

Question 8

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ The process by which individuals index thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from their own perspective.

Question 9

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ People who share the goals of society with conformists but employ illegitimate means to obtain those goals.

Question 10

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Refers to any behavior that departs from accepted practices in a society or group.

Question 11

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ When a deviant lifestyle becomes a normal part of an individual's life.

Question 12

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Component of social control theory referring to an individual's desire to obtain societal goals through legitimate means.

Question 13

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Widely held values and beliefs in a society.

Question 14

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Component of social control theory referring to people's participation in acceptable social activities such as clubs, churches and other organizations.

Question 15

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ The process by which individuals think about a behavior within its social context and give meaning to it.

Question 16

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Keeping a known stigma from creating tensions in interactions by downplaying it.

Question 17

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Theory that deviance is learned through interaction with others.

Question 18

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Component of social control theory referring to people's respect for law and order in society.

Question 19

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ People who neither accept the goals of the larger society nor the means to achieve those goals.

Question 20

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ People labeled as deviants who accept the deviant labels.

Question 21

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Theory that deviance results when individuals' bonds with conventional society are weakened in some way.

Question 22

Which of the following is true of William Chambliss' research on the Saints and the Roughnecks?

A) The Saints committed significantly less crime than the Roughnecks but were more likely to get caught.
B) The Saints committed significantly less crime than the Roughnecks but only the Roughnecks got caught.
C) The Saints committed somewhat higher levels of deviance as the Roughnecks but the Roughnecks were more likely to be caught than the Saints.
D) The Roughnecks committed less crime and were rarely caught.

Question 23

Which theorist is most associated with primary and secondary deviance?

A) C. Wright Mills
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Robert Merton
D) Herbert Blumer

Question 24

Which of the following represents a form of deviance from a sociological perspective?

A) A boy stealing a piece of gum in a New York City convenience store.
B) A girl wearing a t-shirt and jeans to formal dinner.
C) A girl wearing a nice dress to a formal dinner.
D) Both a and b would be considered deviance.

Question 25

How did Howard Becker's research contribute to understanding of deviance?

A) It showed the important role of deviant subcultures in the maintenance of deviant identities.
B) It reinforced the relationship between primary and secondary deviance.
C) He showed that even drug experiences can be influenced by social conditions.
D) all of the above

Question 26

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ An attribute that is deeply discrediting.

Question 27

John regularly gambles on the weekends, often finding himself spending more money than he is making. When asked about it, he starts to relate how he always had problems resisting temptation to gamble on things, even when he was a kid. What kind of behavior is John engaging in?

A) passing
B) covering
C) stigma
D) retrospective interpretations

Question 28

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Someone who approves of the ways people should live their lives but give up trying to obtain societal goals.

Question 29

According to Edwin Lemert, how is society involved in the deviance process?

A) During primary deviance, when society makes deviance symbolic in nature.
B) During secondary deviance, when society labels a person as deviant.
C) During the process of hiring police personnel to put away criminals.
D) During the process of committing the deviant act and accepting the deviant label.

Question 30

A nurse regulary brings a six pack of beer to work and consumes it over his shift, brushing his teeth to keep his breath clean. According to Goffman, what kind of behavior is he engaging in?

A) passing
B) covering
C) stigma
D) retrospective interpretations

Question 31

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ The state's attempts to maintain social order through police and courts and other representatives of the state.

Question 32

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ A sense of "normlessness," where there is little consensus about what is right and wrong.

Question 33

Most college students represent which type of person in Merton's typology of deviance?

A) conformists
B) innovators
C) ritualists
D) retreatists

Question 34

Which of the following statements best describes interactionist perspective(s) on deviance?

A) Deviance is relative to a given group of people or society.
B) Deviance is relatively consistent across groups and society.
C) What it means to be deviant is constructed through a process of indexicality and reflexivity.
D) both a and c

Question 35

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ When individuals seek to challenge either the traditional goals or the accepted means of achieving those goals.

Question 36

Murder would most likely be considered the breaking of a ________ while picking your nose in public would be breaking a ________.

A) more; folkway.
B) folkway; more.
C) norm; value.
D) both are mores

Question 37

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Theory that argues that people choose to commit deviance as a natural outcome of social conditions in which socially acceptable goals can not be obtained through legitimate means.

Question 38

According to labeling theory, a primary act of deviance does not always lead to a secondary act
of deviance.

Question 39

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Additional deviant acts that support the initial deviant label.

Question 40

Following is a list of terms and then a series of statements. Match the best term to each statement by filling in the letter before the term in the appropriate blank.
A. Outsiders
K. Moral career
U. Conformists
B. Agents of social control
L. Ritualist
V. Retrospective interpretations
C. Rebellion
M. Innovators
W. Deviance
D. Reflexivity
N. Retreatist
X. Strain theory
E. Indexicality
O. Primary deviance
Y. Passing
F. Involvement
P. Secondary deviance
Z. Covering
G. White-collar crimes
Q. Anomie
AA. Social control theory
H. Attachment
R. Stigma
BB. Labeling theory
I. Belief
S. Folkways
CC. Differential association theory
J. Commitment
T. Mores
____ Crimes typically associated with middle- and upper-class individuals such as embezzlement, cheating, and laundering money.

Question 41

In high school, Janet rarely got involved in smoking or drinking. In college, Janet found some friend who spent most of their off time consuming large amounts of alcohol and other drugs. Soon, she did the same and did not know anyone who did not spend their time that way. Which theory best explains Janet's behavior given this limited amount of information?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) social control theory
D) theory of differential association

Question 42

Along with deterrence, what other factor has been noted as important to the likelihood of someone committing a crime?

A) self- control
B) self- esteem
C) self-concept
D) none of the above

Question 43

Which theory of deviance tries to explain why individuals do not commit crime?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) social control theory
D) theory of differential association

Question 44

Which of the following represent strain according to new interpretations of strain theory?

A) negative relationships with family and friends
B) poverty
C) unemployment
D) all of the above

Question 45

Scholars contend that __________ and _____________ are two factors that affect the likelihood of committing a crime?

A) controls; formal sanctions
B) certainty; severity
C) certainty; informal sanctions
D) severity; formal sanctions

Question 46

Which of the following best exemplifies white collar crimes?

A) stealing a purse
B) simple assault
C) telling a lie to your friend
D) embezzling from work

Question 47

A homeless person who decides to live in the woods is probably best represented by which of the following people using Merton's typology of deviance?

A) conformists
B) innovators
C) ritualists
D) retreatists

Question 48

According to the text, some individuals choose a life of deviance because of the satisfaction they derive from the act and deviant lifestyle?

Question 49

Which of the following theories interprets the responses of others as the most significant factor in understanding how deviant behavior is created and sustained?

A) differential association theory
B) social control theory
C) labeling theory
D) structural strain theory

Question 50

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
After being rounded up by the cops last Saturday night, three men sit in jail pondering their condition and how they ended up there. All of them were in jail for different reasons and have different backgrounds. However, all of them were fairly young, in their teenage years, and very poor. John and Franky were being arrested for the first time while Arny has been in and out of the justice system since he was a child. John had been arrested for stealing an engagement ring for his girlfriend, so he could ask her to marry him, but he had no money to buy the ring. Franky and Arny were both arrested for assault. The only other background information we have about the three men is that Franky was a member of the Bloods, a violent gang located in the surrounding area while Arny has been in jail for assault many times in the past.
Given the information in this vignette, which theory best explains John's decision to commit a crime?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) social control theory
D) theory of differential association

Question 51

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
After being rounded up by the cops last Saturday night, three men sit in jail pondering their condition and how they ended up there. All of them were in jail for different reasons and have different backgrounds. However, all of them were fairly young, in their teenage years, and very poor. John and Franky were being arrested for the first time while Arny has been in and out of the justice system since he was a child. John had been arrested for stealing an engagement ring for his girlfriend, so he could ask her to marry him, but he had no money to buy the ring. Franky and Arny were both arrested for assault. The only other background information we have about the three men is that Franky was a member of the Bloods, a violent gang located in the surrounding area while Arny has been in jail for assault many times in the past.
Given the information in this vignette, which theory best explains Franky's decision to commit a crime?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) social control theory
D) theory of differential association

Question 52

Sampson and Laub's research on delinquent and non-delinquent youths in Boston found delinquency was greater when bonds with which social institutions were weakest?

A) family
B) education
C) work
D) both a and c

Question 53

Read the following vignette and answer the subsequent questions to the best of your ability.
After being rounded up by the cops last Saturday night, three men sit in jail pondering their condition and how they ended up there. All of them were in jail for different reasons and have different backgrounds. However, all of them were fairly young, in their teenage years, and very poor. John and Franky were being arrested for the first time while Arny has been in and out of the justice system since he was a child. John had been arrested for stealing an engagement ring for his girlfriend, so he could ask her to marry him, but he had no money to buy the ring. Franky and Arny were both arrested for assault. The only other background information we have about the three men is that Franky was a member of the Bloods, a violent gang located in the surrounding area while Arny has been in jail for assault many times in the past.
Given the information in this vignette, which theory best explains Arny's decision to commit a crime?

A) labeling theory
B) strain theory
C) social control theory
D) theory of differential association