Deck 4: Gender Development,gender Roles,and Gender Identity

Question 1

"Female reproductive system" is to "Müllerian ducts" as "male reproductive system" is to:

A)testes.
B)scrotum.
C)Wolffian ducts.
D)vas deferens.
E)spermatoducts.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A genetically female infant has ambiguous genitals.This infant would be called:

A)transgendered.
B)androgynous
C)intergendered.
D)interesexed.
E)gender neutral.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

If a gender-specific behavior is largely determined by culture,then that behavior is most accurately called a gender:

A)trait.
B)constant.
C)variable.
D)stereotype.
E)role.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A woman has just become pregnant.Which hormone has contributed most directly to her pregnancy?

A)prolactin
B)androsterone
C)oxytocin
D)inhibin
E)progesterone

Question 5

A person with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH):

A)is genetically female.
B)is infertile.
C)may require corrective surgery.
D)is less likely to be bisexual or homosexual.
E)all of the above

Question 6

A male is infertile; if the problem is genetic,most likely the diagnosis will be:

A)Klinefelter's syndrome.
B)Turner's syndrome.
C)Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
D)XXX syndrome.
E)Down syndrome.

Question 7

A father's sperm:

A)carries 23 chromosomes,and determines the offspring's gender.
B)carries 23 chromosome pairs,and determines the offspring's gender.
C)carries 23 autosomes,and determines the offspring's gender.
D)carries 23 autosome pairs,and determines the offspring's gender.
E)none of these are true: the mother's egg determines offspring gender.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the representations of male and female characters in video games?

A)There are more female characters now than in previous years,but there are still far more male characters.
B)Female characters are depicted as hypersexual.
C)Male characters are portrayed as hypermuscular.
D)Gender stereotypes are very prevalent.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 9

The best treatment for Turner's syndrome involves:

A)administration of testosterone during puberty.
B)administration of estrogen and progesterone during puberty.
C)surgery to correct abnormalities of the genitalia
D)administration of oxytocin and prolactin if she wishes to become pregnant.
E)none of these are true: Turner's syndrome has no effective treatment.

Question 10

In the 1500s,King Henry VIII of England divorced Catherine of Aragon because she gave birth to a daughter,not a son.Regardless of what you think about divorce,Henry VIII's reasoning was:

A)inaccurate: embryonic hormones determine gender.
B)inaccurate: fetal hormones determine gender.
C)inaccurate: sperm alone can provide the "Y" chromosome.
D)accurate: the mother's egg alone can provide the "Y" chromosome.
E)accurate: once a woman has a daughter,the next offspring is much more likely also to be a daughter.

Question 11

The process in which an infant is taught the basic skills for functioning in society is called:

A)assimilation.
B)socialization.
C)gender schematizing.
D)sexual differentiation.
E)equilibration.

Question 12

Which of the following is homologous to the glans of the penis?

A)scrotum
B)clitoral glans
C)labia majora
D)testicles
E)none of the above

Question 13

Megan was raised as a female.However,when she failed to menstruate at puberty,her doctor found that she was genetically male.Megan most likely has

A)Turner syndrome
B)Kleinfelter's syndrome
C)Triple-X syndrome
D)Androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
E)Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Question 14

Compared to sperm carrying the "X" chromosome,sperm carrying the "Y" chromosome are:

A)lighter,swim faster,and die quicker.
B)heavier,swim faster,and die quicker.
C)lighter,swim slower,and live longer.
D)heavier,swim slower,and live longer.
E)heavier,swim faster,and live longer.

Question 15

Stewart has small testicles,a low level of testosterone and feminized body contours.He is infertile.Stewart likely has:

A)Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)Hermaphrodism.
D)Kleinfelter's syndrome.
E)triple X syndrome.

Question 16

A genetic male "looks" female at birth,and develops breasts when puberty arrives.However,the person is infertile.Most likely,the cause is:

A)hermaphroditism.
B)pseudohermaphroditism.
C)gynecomastia.
D)Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH).
E)Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).

Question 17

The least common of intersex variations is:

A)Klinefelter's syndrome.
B)Turner's syndrome.
C)hermaphroditism.
D)pseudohermaphroditism.
E)XXX syndrome.

Question 18

An adult who has an "XO" 23^rd chromosome "pair:"

A)has Klinefelter's syndrome,and is fertile.
B)has Turner's syndrome,and is fertile.
C)has Klinefelter's syndrome,and is infertile.
D)has Turner's syndrome,and is infertile.
E)has an unusually high sex drive,due to the presence of very high sex hormone levels.

Question 19

If you visually compared the sexual development of third-week female and male embryos,you would notice:

A)developing testes in the male,developing ovaries in the female.
B)no development of testes yet in the male,but developing ovaries in the female.
C)no development of ovaries yet in the female,but developing testes in the male.
D)development of both ovaries and testes in both the female and the male.
E)no development yet of ovaries in the female,or testes in the male.

Question 20

Male and female sex organs which arise from the same tissue are termed:

A)analogous.
B)homologous.
C)monozygotic.
D)dizygotic.
E)nucleic.

Question 21

Modeling as the means of acquiring "appropriate" gender-related behaviors is a cornerstone of which theory?

A)social learning
B)evolutionary
C)cognitive
D)gender schema
E)gender hierarchy

Question 22

In most cultures,men are more likely than women to have all of these except :

A)stress-related illnesses.
B)suicide attempts.
C)motor vehicle accidents.
D)heart disease.
E)cirrhosis

Question 23

An individual experiencing gender dysphoria is most likely to be:

A)a genetic female.
B)a genetic male.
C)androgynous.
D)asexual.
E)an exhibitionist.

Question 24

Sandra Bem would define an "androgynous" individual as one who has a personality which is:

A)transsexual.
B)undifferentiated.
C)high in masculinity,low in femininity.
D)high in femininity,low in masculinity.
E)high in femininity and masculinity.

Question 25

Children learn "gender appropriate" behavior from the media,by observing their parents,and from peers.This is called:

A)social categorization..
B)assimilation.
C)socialization.
D)osmosis.
E)imitation.

Question 26

Which of the following is true about transgendered youth?

A)They are frequently given the diagnosis of "gender identity disorder."
B)Those who are rejected by their family are four times more likely to use drugs.
C)They are sometimes given drugs to delay puberty.
D)They often experience depression and low self-esteem.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 27

Most transsexuals:

A)are happy with their biological gender,but are androgynous.
B)are happy with their biological gender,but are essentially asexual.
C)have wanted to be the other gender all their lives.
D)have wanted to be the other gender from adulthood on.
E)have wanted to be both genders,but at different times in their lives.

Question 28

Mario derives sexual pleasure from dressing in women's clothing.Mario is:

A)transgendered.
B)transsexual.
C)a transvestite.
D)a drag queen.
E)gay.

Question 29

"Nature,not nurture" might be the motto of which theory?

A)social learning
B)evolutionary
C)cognitive
D)gender schema
E)gender hierarchy

Question 30

According to Bem's terminology,an androgynous individual is one who:

A)exhibits either strongly masculine or strongly feminine characteristics.
B)is ambivalent about their gender role.
C)lacks interest in sexual relationships.
D)is overly interested in sexual relationships.
E)has some highly masculine,and some highly feminine,characteristics.

Question 31

Generally speaking,a transsexual individual with an "XX" 23^rd chromosome pair:

A)feels trapped in a woman's body.
B)feels trapped in a man's body.
C)derives sexual gratification from dressing as a man.
D)has made a conscious choice to be transgendered.
E)unconsciously desires to be a "perfect" woman.

Question 32

Piaget is to cognitive development theory as Bem is to

A)social learning theory.
B)evolutionary theory.
C)cognitive theory.
D)gender schema theory.
E)psychoanalytic theory.

Question 33

Shahla was raised as a woman,although she has felt like a man for her entire life.She says she feels as though she is trapped inside a female's body.This condition is called:

A)transsexualism.
B)transgenderism.
C)transvestitism.
D)bisexuality.
E)homosexuality.

Question 34

"I know that sie is coming to the party",is what one might say if one wanted to indicate that the person coming to the party is:

A)either female or male.
B)transgendered.
C)gay (homosexual male).
D)lesbian (homosexual female).
E)either c or d.

Question 35

"When a man meets a woman,he is really meeting not only that woman,but his feminine gender schema." Who would agree most strongly with this statement?

A)Mark Zuckerberg
B)Jean Piaget
C)Sandra Bem
D)Catharine MacKinnon
E)Sigmund Freud

Question 36

David Gilmore's research suggests that in societies where there is plenty of food and enemies and predators are not present:

A)women adopt "masculine" roles.
B)men adopt "feminine" roles.
C)differences between men and women are exaggerated.
D)differences between women and men are not emphasized.
E)androgyny of both men and women is the rule rather than the exception.

Question 37

Cognitive development theory suggests that gender attitudes change predictably as children get older because:

A)children pass through the same stages of cognitive development.
B)the attitudes are based on hereditary and hormonal influences.
C)they are exposed to consistent models.
D)their schemas are culturally determined.
E)they sense the power structure of the culture in which they are raised.

Question 38

We tend to be rewarded for acquiring appropriate gender roles,according to which theory?

A)social learning
B)evolutionary
C)cognitive
D)gender schema
E)gender hierarchy

Question 39

Using the measure of androgyny developed by Sandra Bem in the 1970's,research has found that thirty years later:

A)what people see as feminine is about the same now as it was then.
B)what people see as masculine is about the same now as it was then.
C)what people see as feminine is about the same now,but what people see as masculine has changed substantially.
D)what people see as masculine is about the same now,but what people see as feminine has changed substantially.
E)androgyny has increasingly become the ideal way do get away from gender stereotypes.

Question 40

Margaret Mead's report about the Tchambulis of New Guinea provides support for:

A)the cultural origin of male characteristics.
B)the cultural origin of female characteristics.
C)both a and b
D)the biological origin of both female and male characteristics.
E)the complex interaction of heredity and environment in Tchambuli behaviors.

Question 41

Hijra,kathoey,xanyth,and aikane are alike in that they are usually:

A)biological males.
B)biological females.
C)neutered.
D)allowed sexual access to women and to men.
E)made to perform what their culture considers to be the most degrading work.

Question 42

Autosomes are the sex chromosomes.

Question 43

Body image in men is susceptible to social influence.

Question 44

The xanyth of Oman:

A)are biological women who are considered to be men.
B)are biological men who are considered neither male nor female
C)are biological women or men who are treated as the other gender.
D)have women's names.
E)sit with men at weddings and are not allowed to see the bride's face.

Question 45

Chromosomes are arranged in 23 triplets.

Question 46

Hermaphrodism is the most common form of intersex variations.

Question 47

Recent research has found that there now approximately the same number of male and female characters in video games.

Question 48

Homosocial play:

A)is an early indication of a homosexual orientation.
B)is universal.
C)usually begins when children are about eight years old.
D)causes children to be rejected by their peers.
E)all of the above

Question 49

Most hormonal secretions are regulated by the brain.

Question 50

When studying the Tchambuli tribe of New Guinea,Margaret Mead found that men took care of domestic life while women were in charge of fishing and politics.

Question 51

A genetic male is performing "women's work" and is married (to a man).Interestingly,this person is highly respected in the society.This person is a:

A)xanyth.
B)hijra.
C)transsexual.
D)kathoey.
E)berdache.

Question 52

The father's sperm determines the sex of the child.

Question 53

Which of the following is true about gender roles in adolescence?

A)To be liked,girls should not exercise too much sexual restraint.
B)Girls are generally very hesitant to call boys or ask them out.
C)Consequences for deviating from gender role behavior are more severe for adolescent girls than for boys.
D)Girls have more latitude with their behavior.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 54

Research demonstrates that in the typical elementary school classroom in the U.S.:

A)boys and girls get about the same amount of attention.
B)girls who ask questions are seen as curious; boys who ask questions are seen as aggressive.
C)boys get more praise and more criticism than girls.
D)girls and boys are asked to do the same physical tasks (e.g.,moving desks).
E)All of these are true.

Question 55

Someone with Turner syndrome would look like a genetic female at birth.

Question 56

Emma is just beginning to recognize that a doll is a "girl" toy.Most likely,Emma is about how many years old?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)six
E)eight

Question 57

Gender roles are fundamentally innate.

Question 58

The term "asexuality" is used to refer to:

A)a lack of sexual desire
B)a lack of maleness or femaleness
C)being born without any sex organs
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 59

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS):

A)is a relatively simple procedure.
B)is followed by hormone treatment and counseling.
C)destroys orgasmic capacity.
D)results are not as good for male-to-female as they are for female-to-male.
E)sometimes doesn't relieve psychological suffering.

Question 60

People who are genetically XX or XY but lack internal or external sexual organs,are classified as:

A)transgendered.
B)transsexual.
C)mahus.
D)gender dysphoric.
E)asexual.

Question 61

Masculine gender roles are always to a male's advantage.

Question 62

An androgynous individual has ambiguous genitalia.

Question 63

More males than females experience gender dysphoria.

Question 64

Cognitive development theory predicts that rigid gender role behavior should decrease after the age of seven or eight.

Question 65

Berdaches are usually genetic males.