Deck 6: Mass Media: Living in the Electronic Age

Question 1

YouTube is a disruptive force against commercial media forms.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Conflict theorists argue that a small powerful group determine how we come to view certain things.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Girls internalize media messages about beauty and femininity between the ages of 8 and 10.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Representation is a term used to describe how meaning is attributed to media images.

Question 5

Approximately 73 percent of Canadian households have more than one television set.

Question 6

Herman and Chomsky's theory concerning elite control over the news is known as "the propaganda model."

Question 7

The meaning of a particular image emerges primarily from the characteristics of the image.

Question 8

Fewer than half of adults, on a global scale, read a daily newspaper either in print or online.

Question 9

Canadians are a close second to Americans in how much time per month is spent online.

Question 10

Jackson is a 16-year-old who watches about 20 hours of TV per week. He is on par with other teenagers his age.

Question 11

Social learning theory promotes learning in groups to encourage the imitation of positive actions.

Question 12

According to the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's (2012) inspired report on the general public's knowledge of privacy-related issues linked to media use (i.e. smartphones), Canadians largely are very comfortable with their capacity to manage media-related privacy, and were comfortable with their knowledge of their privacy rights and their ability to protect themselves.

Question 13

Marshall McLuhan would argue that despite new forms of media, the experience of receiving the message is the same.

Question 14

Among the top four Canadian multimedia companies, Quebecor Media is first.

Question 15

The music industry does not reflect the same concentration of ownership as newspapers, television, or movies.

Question 16

Media literacy enables a person to make informed choices about messages contained in the mass media.

Question 17

People are powerfully influenced by media messages because they think they are invulnerable to such messages.

Question 18

According to Tomi T. Ahonen, email is the "new" 7th mass media.

Question 19

Cultivation theorists argue that media representations of violence and disorder tend to convince viewers that the world is a meaner and more brutish place than it really is.

Question 20

Ticket sales at theatres in North America declined slightly in 2013, while the global trend has been an increase in sales.

Question 21

How an interaction or event is depicted or framed is integral to its perceived meaning. This theory is attributed to which well-known sociologist?

A)Stuart Hall
B)Robert Entman
C) Erving Goffman
D) Karen Dill

Question 22

Billy is 15, and he watches a lot of television, especially cop shows and gory movies, as well as spending time playing first-person shooter games online. Although Billy lives in a safe area, he carries a knife "just to feel safe." Which of the following identifies Billy's condition?

A)the violence delusion
B)mean world syndrome
C) screen-time paranoia
D) mean streets syndrome

Question 23

Cultivation analysis is about how people with long-term exposure to something develop, or cultivate, perceptions that are at odds with reality. With respect to television violence, which term captures this effect?

A)mean world syndrome
B)mean streets syndrome
C) violence begets violence
D) sticks and stones effect

Question 24

According to Tomi T. Ahonen, by what name is the eighth mass medium known?

A)assisted realism
B)augmented reality
C) amassed reality
D) amplified pragmatism

Question 25

Matthew was moving from Saskatoon to Vancouver to start a new job with an architectural firm. He had never driven in Vancouver before and he was using a smartphone app to see an up-to-date map of the area while also getting spoken directions as well. According to Tomi T. Ahonen, what is the term assigned to Matthew's use of his smartphone?

A)digital multitasking
B)app surfing
C) amplified mapping
D) augmented reality

Question 26

The six largest American media-interest corporations have holdings of diversified media companies. According to the text, what specific name is given to this kind of corporation?

A)diversified corporation
B)conglomerate
C) media mogul
D) monopoly

Question 27

Which of the following is Marshall McLuhan's famous phrase about the mass media?

A)The future is cell phones.
B)The medium is the message.
C) The experience is influenced by form.
D) Technology is a religion unto itself.

Question 28

The average Canadian spends almost 24 hours a week watching TV.
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Question 29

According to the text, what are the possible short-term effects of exposure to violence in the media?

A)increased risk of emotional trauma
B)increased risk of placing oneself in dangerous situation
C) increased risk of engaging in physical assaults
D) increased physical and verbal behaviours

Question 30

If a functionalist analysis of the mass media is done, what would be the focus of the work?

A)how the media is used to make society function more efficiently
B)how the media makes life easier for members of society
C) how the media disrupts old practices and creates new practices
D) how the media contributes to the maintenance of stability in society

Question 31

The functionalist framework examines how media fits into our daily lives.

Question 32

According to the text, how many main networks does Canadian television operate?

A)4
B)5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a debated question in the study of violence in the media?

A)What constitutes an act of aggression?
B)How should violence be measured?
C) How do we distinguish between agents of aggression?
D) Is violence in a video game the same as violence on television?

Question 34

Nicole has realized that her favourite television drama promotes marriage and family values. Nicole wonders if this message contributed to her disappointment when her friend Amy announced she was getting a divorce. What kind of sociological framework did Nicole use to analyze the television show?

A)a functionalist framework
B)a conflict framework
C) a feminist framework
D) a postmodern framework

Question 35

Which of the following is composed of large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means to communicate with large numbers of people?

A)popular media
B)social media
C) mass media
D) alternative media

Question 36

The evidence from experimental studies demonstrates the potential long-term link between TV violence and aggressiveness.

Question 37

Ivana almost never uses the phone because she prefers using email to send messages. What is the common term sociologists use for this kind of interaction?

A)electronic mediation
B)electronically mediated socialization
C) electronically mediated conversation
D) electronically mediated communication

Question 38

According to the text, what is the term used for an overgeneralization about a group that is often based on faulty assumptions?

A)critique
B)complaint
C) stereotype
D) framing

Question 39

The link between images of violence and real-life violence remains one of simple cause and effect.

Question 40

The television industry has declining revenues due to which change in the mass media?

A)reduced interest in advertising
B)reduced costs of advertising
C) increased interest in other media
D) increased costs of production

Question 41

By what name is the newly developed digital currency known?

A)buycoins
B)digicoins
C) bitcoins
D) bytecoins

Question 42

According to the text, how might parents reduce the amount of violence to which their children are exposed?

A)use V-chips and other program-blocking technology
B)encourage playing video games instead of television viewing
C) spend time with their children
D) contact the Action Group on Violence on Television

Question 43

Bill and Marta watch the evening news while they eat their dinner. However, while watching the relatively short news clips on TV, they also have their smartphones synced into the program. They are able to follow up on news stories for more in-depth coverage. What is the name given to the specific type of app used to accomplish this task?

A)companion app
B)secondary display app
C) "buddy up" app
D) enhanced display

Question 44

According to the text, what is the most researched topic in the area of mass media?

A)stereotypes
B)women
C) advertising
D) violence

Question 45

According to the text, which medium has had a resurgence due to its use in the music industry?

A)the vinyl record
B)the phonograph
C) the Internet
D) the compact cassette

Question 46

According to the text, Canada's telecommunications industry has had a growth in revenues because of which increased use in the mass media?

A)flat-screen televisions
B)cell phones
C) high-speed Internet services
D) online gaming

Question 47

Which of the following is an assertion reflected in a conflict analysis of the mass media?

A)The media serves the economic interests of a few powerful people and organizations.
B)The media attempts to suspend bias and be objective.
C) The media simply reflects common societal interests.
D) The media's news is not filtered nor interpreted but merely reported.

Question 48

According to the text, what are the possible long-term effects of exposure to violence in the media?

A)increased risk of emotional trauma
B)increased risk of placing oneself in dangerous situation
C) increased risk of engaging in physical assaults
D) increased physical and verbal behaviours

Question 49

According to the text, which of the following is NOT part of new media?

A)tele-banking
B)twitter
C) video podcasts
D) electronic commerce

Question 50

An eight-year-old boy grows up in a home where his father demonstrates ethnic intolerance. One day while watching TV, the boy's father yells at a man on the television, "Why don't you go back home where you belong?" The next day the boy sees a schoolmate of the same ethnic background and repeats what he heard his father say. Which theory predicts this kind of behaviour from the boy?

A)observational theory
B)technological theory
C) critical theory
D) social learning theory

Question 51

According to the text, which theory states that repeated exposure to television violence results in cumulative effects on viewers?

A)violent theory
B)desensitization theory
C) cumulative theory
D) cultivation theory

Question 52

A researcher conducts an analysis of people's television viewing habits and their perceptions of the world, and concludes that people who watch more television tend toward a greater perception of being victimized by criminals. What term best categorizes this kind of analysis?

A)survey analysis
B)perception analysis
C) cultivation analysis
D) self-analysis

Question 53

A large oil company also owns a chain of print and broadcast news media. At one of its gas stations there is a large fuel spill, which leaks into a nearby harbour. This incident caused significant environmental damage, yet nothing was reported about it in the company's news media. What kind of media activity is represented by the absence of reporting this news in the company-owned papers, and on its radio and television stations?

A)biasing
B)framing
C) controlling
D) obscuring

Question 54

Postmodern theorists encourage consumers to do which of the following when exposed to the mass media?

A)think critically about the messages taken in
B)be aware of the mean world syndrome
C) appreciate the influence of violence in the media
D) control the short- and long-term effects of media exposure

Question 55

Some researchers have opted for a broader approach to studying media violence rather than condemning or supporting it. What two factors might be implicated in how violence is encouraged within the media context?

A)social and political
B)social and cultural
C) cultural and marketability
D) economic and political

Question 56

A mass media corporation that pushes a particular political agenda is said to be following what kind of model?

A)the conflict model
B)the propaganda model
C) the corporate model
D) the conglomerate model

Question 57

Allyson and Jennifer own and run a clothing design and manufacturing shop in a mid-sized city in Western Canada. They market a particular style of adult clothing that caters to adults who spend much of their days in wheelchairs. They recently made the decision to stop advertising in print-based magazines and have moved their marketing and advertising needs strictly to digital copies of magazines. According to the text, which trend have the owners recognized?

A)Advertising to a smaller but very select audience will result in more sales.
B)Digitized copies of magazines reflect a growing environmental shift away from print copies.
C) Print magazines sales have been declining while digitized copies with smaller markets are increasing in popularity.
D) People who purchase their specialized clothing designs are more likely to shop and order online.

Question 58

How would Robert Entman label the framing technique used when a news story is placed in the context of a larger political system or issue?

A)cultivation
B)agency
C) generalization
D) categorization

Question 59

Marissa is a big fan of a popular TV reality show that features amateur singers performing for industry experts. While watching the show on her TV screen, she uses her smartphone to vote for her favourite performer, after which she will participate in a contest for her favourite TV drama. What term describes Marissa's activity?

A)simultaneous second screening
B)synchronised multi-screening
C) media overconsumption
D) compulsive media multitasking

Question 60

News headlines such as "Radicalization an issue for Imams," and "RCMP determined to identify radicalized citizens/Imams urged to cooperate," serve to frame concerns over responsibility for alleged terrorist actions in Canada. To which of the four properties of news narratives does this scenario refer?

A)saliency
B)agency
C) categorization
D) identification

Question 61

According to the text, what is the term used when a company has exclusive control over a particular product or service such as having exclusive control of news print media for an entire province?

A)socialization
B)monopoly
C) persuasive
D) elite

Question 62

What label does the text give communications that target large audiences in print or in electronic format using audio and/or images?

A)mass communications
B)mass media
C) technological communications
D) media communications

Question 63

An elderly woman received a new smartphone as gift from her children. She did not know that she should set up a password to protect her phone. According to the text, this scenario reflects what particular concerns identified by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada's (2012) report?

A)Canadians did not indicate any significant concerns related to media use and privacy related issues.
B)Canadians were concerned about their lack of knowledge concerning their privacy rights and felt a corresponding lack of ability to protect media-related privacy.
C) Canadians were content to follow the American standards of media use and personal privacy policy.
D) Canadians were confident that the RCMP, CRTC, and Privacy Commissioner of Canada were firmly in control of the policies and regulations regarding privacy protection.

Question 64

Danielle loves using the mobile apps on her cell phone. She keeps track of the news, does her banking, follows her favourite celebrities, texts her friends, and plays games on the bus. She would prefer to use her apps than have dinner with her family. According to the text, Danielle's activities reflect which major concern associated with all of the electronic-mediated communication?

A)reduced interaction in real life
B)inability to distinguish real life
C) improper grammar resulting from texting
D) eye impairment from screen use

Question 65

According to Robert Entman, which of the following is NOT used by the media to frame and create meanings in news narratives, highlighting certain aspects of a news event?

A)cultivation
B)agency
C) generalization
D) categorization

Question 66

The pilot for a new television show included a character that helped a teenager obtain an abortion. Since a major shareholder on the television network's board of directors was anti-abortion, the show was not purchased. According to the text, what sociological approach could be used to analyze the influence of the shareholder?

A)socialization
B)monopolization
C) functionalist framework
D) conflict framework

Question 67

According to a conflict framework, which of the following contributed to the homogenization of news in the print media?

A)competitive media
B)media monopolization
C) competitive television
D) consumer tastes

Question 68

According to the text, why is it so hard to study the media influence in society?

A)because there are too many media to obtain a comprehensive study
B)because media exposure is different for every individual
C) because people do not accurately report the influence of the media
D) because media-specific studies are of more relevance

Question 69

According to the text, what does the social learning perspective tell us about violent behaviours?

A)People are intrinsically/naturally aggressive.
B)Nonviolent people prefer to watch violent TV.
C) Aggression stems from lack of socialization.
D) Aggression is learned like any other behaviour.

Question 70

A media analyst warns that the "media conglomerate" is selectively contributing to hysteria about global warming because the focus is only on stories that allege manmade carbon emissions are the problem. The analyst further states that there are plenty of opposing opinions from credible scientists that don't get airtime. He concludes that we are being deceived with an unbalanced, media-selected view. Which theoretical perspective has informed this critic's observations?

A)functional
B)anarchist
C) postmodern
D) conflict

Question 71

According to the text, what does a conflict framework analysis of the media attempt to demonstrate?

A)It asserts that multimedia outlets reproduce local community values and interests.
B)It asserts that a monopolized media can shape public perception about certain issues.
C) It asserts that ownership and control of the media is becoming decentralized.
D) It focuses on current trends and values in society to help construct the media's content.

Question 72

According to the text, which medium is an example of how the Internet has changed existing media and created new markets?

A)digital audio
B)smartphones
C) Apple-inspired apps
D) satellite radio

Question 73

According to the text, what is one of the major foci of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission?

A)to encourage communications that serve the interests of Canadians
B)to encourage ethnic community solidarity
C) to encourage global distribution of Canadian television shows
D) to encourage diversification in programming

Question 74

Earle, a 20-year-old university student, has recently renewed his public library account. He also borrows books from the university library system. He borrows on average 8 to 10 books per month. According to the text, with which research findings does his behaviour correspond?

A)Earle has developed the skill of speed reading due to the vast amount of written information that young readers encounter in the digital age.
B)Research shows that young readers are not yet convinced of the monetary value of e-readers and e-books.
C) Young readers prefer the choice and availability of print books as opposed to being constrained in choice of reading material from a particular e-source.
D) Young readers prefer print books to e-books.

Question 75

Fiona prefers to send text messages and emails rather than engage in a real-time conversation on her phone. She also plays several popular games on her smartphone and chats regularly with opponents from all over the world. Fiona prefers the company of her social network community to that of face-to-face interactions. By what term is this new media-inspired social phenomenon known?

A)media attachment
B)together but apart
C) alone together
D) digital association

Question 76

The effect of media on violence in society is the most researched area with respect to media influence. According to the text, what is the second most researched area with respect to media influence on individuals?

A)gaming
B)cell phones
C) children
D) advertising

Question 77

According to the text, what is the newest form of mass media?

A)the video game console
B)the video conference
C) the cell phone
D) the Internet

Question 78

According to postmodern theorists, which of the following is NOT considered part of being media literate?

A)All media are constructions.
B)Media have commercial interests.
C) Media have social and political implications.
D) Meaning in media is the same for all audiences.

Question 79

Jack buys a Nike T-shirt. He does not realize that his choice has likely been influenced by the main character in the movie he watched last night who was wearing a Nike T-shirt. According to Karen Dill, why are we regularly influenced by the media?

A)because we want to mimic Hollywood stars whom we see in the media
B)because we want to follow popular trends portrayed in the media
C) because we want to purchase quality products we see stars using in the media
D) because we want to believe we are invulnerable to such messages

Question 80

"Everywhere I turn, there is a story about the trial of a man who murdered his wife. It's on the front page of every paper and the lead story in every broadcast, covering every detail. It's like nothing else is going on in the world." According to the text, this statement is providing what kind of analysis of the news coverage?

A)placement
B)narrative
C) leading
D) sizing