Deck 5: Womens Work

Question 1

According to ________,we are less likely to assign people to roles that call for qualities associated with the other gender.

A)the lack of fit model
B)role congruity theory
C)the human capital approach
D)the relative resources perspective

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Time-use surveys are the preferred way to collect data on gender differences in labor.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Most countries do not provide for paternity leave; this reinforces the assumption that mothers are the primary parents.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There are four main explanations for the gender pay gap (or the difference in average wages between men and women).Briefly describe each of these explanations,and discuss the steps that are being taken to eliminate the gender pay gap worldwide.

Question 5

In the context of the gender perspective on unpaid care work,identify a true statement about household labor.

A)It is based on the idea that both genders have refusal power.
B)It is primarily a matter of who has the money.
C)It is merely a matter of who has time.
D)It is a symbolic representation of gender relations.

Question 6

The ________ emphasizes that the division of household labor reflects the relative economic power of women and men.

A)relative resources perspective on unpaid care work
B)gender perspective on household labor
C)time availability perspective on gender-based divisions of household labor
D)glass ceiling effect

Question 7

Gender wage discrimination occurs when women who are doing the same jobs as men are paid less just because they are women.The textbook identifies three main sources of this discrimination.Briefly describe each of them.Conclude by explaining some of the reasons why laws that ensure equal pay are not always effective.

Question 8

The term "own-account workers" refers to self-employed women who have no more than five employees.

Question 9

________ refers to the tendency for occupations mainly held by men to have substantially higher pay rates and status as compared to those mainly held by women.

A)Gender job segregation
B)Vertical occupational segregation
C)Horizontal occupational segregation
D)Gender occupational segregation

Question 10

Fitzgerald's tripartite model of sexual harassment identifies three behavioral dimensions of sexual harassment.Describe/explain each of these dimensions.Do you feel that the tripartite model of sexual harassment adequately encompasses the experience of sexual harassment? If not,explain why.

Question 11

Care labor is perceived and valued as work in the same way as paid labor is.

Question 12

Work in the formal labor sector includes trading and selling at markets,"under the table" and "off the books" employment,and work done on a contract basis in the home.

Question 13

The term "________" refers to the various barriers that prevent qualified women from advancing into powerful decision-making positions in organizations.When these same women are forced to deal with both racism and sexism in organizations,it is referred to as a ________.

A)glass ceiling; concrete ceiling
B)stained-glass ceiling; stone ceiling
C)stone ceiling; concrete ceiling
D)glass ceiling; stained-glass ceiling

Question 14

________ suggests that traditional expectations and relationships between the genders overflow into the workplace although they are irrelevant or inappropriate.

A)Sex-role spillover theory
B)Role congruity theory
C)The human capital approach
D)The double jeopardy perspective

Question 15

Requiring sex as a condition of employment or job rewards is referred to as ________.

A)gender harassment
B)sexual coercion
C)unwanted sexual attention
D)the glass ceiling

Question 16

Maternity protection measures help to ensure all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)pregnant women will not face employment discrimination.
B)female employees will have time off to have children and return to their jobs without discrimination.
C)female employees will be permitted to take breast-feeding breaks.
D)women with newborn children will either be provided with company-sponsored daycare options or be permitted to bring their children to work.

Question 17

Many employed women work one shift in paid work and another unpaid second shift at home before or after paid work,in what is known as the second shift.

Question 18

The ________ suggests that women typically get paid less than men because they are less skilled,less educated,and less experienced.

A)relative resources perspective
B)human capital approach
C)gender occupational approach
D)double jeopardy perspective

Question 19

According to the textbook,there are three distinct explanations that are widely used to account for gender differences in the division of household labor and care labor.Describe each of these three explanations in detail.Which one do you feel best explains the unequal distribution of household/care labor in the United States?

Question 20

The United States has one of the worst maternity leave policies in the world because it grants only 12 weeks of unpaid leave to women (and only to those working in firms with more than 50 employees).