Question 1

Which of the following was NOT identified by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance project as a health-risk behavior that puts young people at risk for premature death and illness?&#10;A) not using proven methods for early disease prevention or diagnosis&#10;B) alcohol abuse&#10;C) violent behavior&#10;D) poor sleep habits

Accepted Answer

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance project identified A, B, and C as health-risk behaviors that put young people at risk for premature death and illness. Poor sleep habits were not mentioned as a specific risk behavior.

Question 2

Establishing support networks for HIV-positive people is an example of ___________ prevention.&#10;A) group secondary&#10;B) individual primary&#10;C) society primary&#10;D) community secondary

Accepted Answer

Community secondary prevention involves efforts to support individuals who are already affected by a condition, such as HIV, to prevent further complications or transmission. Establishing support networks helps manage the condition and improve quality of life for those affected.

Question 3

The __________ model of health behavior is a good predictor of a person's likelihood of changing temperamental traits,like hostility,in order to improve health.&#10;A) theory of reasoned action (TRA)&#10;B) health belief model (HBM)&#10;C) theory of planned behavior (TPB)&#10;D) prototype/willingness theory (P/W)

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) suggests that behavior change is more likely to occur when an individual believes they have control over the behavior, perceives the behavior as positive or beneficial, and has a positive attitude toward the behavior. This model is particularly relevant to changing temperament traits like hostility because it emphasizes the importance of attitude and perceived behavioral control, both of which can be targeted in behavior change interventions. The other models listed are focused more generally on health behaviors and may be less applicable to changing personality or temperament traits.

Question 4

Which theory of health behavior enables health psychologists to match an intervention to the specific needs of each person?&#10;A) Transtheoretical model&#10;B) Health belief model&#10;C) Theory of planned behavior&#10;D) Precede-proceed model

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model is a theory of health behavior that accounts for the different stages of behavior change, and allows for interventions to be matched to the specific needs of each person, depending on where they are in the behavior change process. The health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and precede-proceed model do not account for the different stages of behavior change in the same way, and therefore do not allow for as personalized an approach to intervention.

Question 5

Despite growing up in poverty and a childhood characterized by extreme adversity,Jesse has lived an exceptional life filled with success and well-being.Jesse's life exemplifies:&#10;A) anabolism.&#10;B) catabolism.&#10;C) allostatic load.&#10;D) thriving.

Accepted Answer

Jesse's life is characterized by success and well-being despite his difficult childhood, which fits the definition of thriving. Thriving describes an individual who is not only able to overcome adversity, but also goes on to experience positive growth and flourishing in various areas of life. It is not related to anabolism, catabolism, or allostatic load.

Question 6

_________ prevention involves actions taken to identify and treat an illness early in its course.&#10;A) Primary&#10;B) Secondary&#10;C) Tertiary&#10;D) Optimal

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of an illness or disease, before it progresses and causes more serious problems. Primary prevention focuses on strategies to prevent the illness or disease in the first place, and tertiary prevention focuses on managing and treating advanced stages of an illness or disease. Optimal prevention is not a recognized category of prevention.

Question 7

One shortcoming of the health belief model is that it:&#10;A) does not take into account environmental cues to action.&#10;B) does not take into account the perceived benefits of treatment.&#10;C) ignores the importance of perceived barriers to being able to practice a health behavior.&#10;D) has not been widely tested in research studies.

Accepted Answer

The health belief model focuses on the individual's beliefs and attitudes towards a health behavior, but does not necessarily consider external factors such as perceived barriers to actually enacting the behavior. Therefore, it may not fully address the complex socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors that impact health behaviors.

Question 8

Positive psychology is most accurately defined as the study of:&#10;A) emotional contentment.&#10;B) attitudes and behaviors that delay mortality.&#10;C) attitudes and behaviors that prevent morbidity.&#10;D) optimal human functioning.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is focused on exploring and understanding factors that contribute to optimal human functioning, such as happiness, resilience, and meaningful relationships. It aims to identify and promote positive attitudes and behaviors that enhance people's wellbeing, rather than simply preventing negative outcomes like morbidity or mortality.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT part of the safety triad?&#10;A) the person&#10;B) behavior&#10;C) attitude&#10;D) the environment

Accepted Answer

The safety triad typically includes the person, behavior, and the environment. Attitude is not considered a part of the safety triad.

Question 10

Many health behaviors are:&#10;A) operant behaviors.&#10;B) respondent behaviors.&#10;C) Pavlovian behaviors.&#10;D) discriminative behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Health behaviors, such as exercise and healthy eating, are typically operant behaviors. This means that they are voluntary behaviors that are controlled by their consequences, such as the positive reinforcement of feeling good after exercising or the negative reinforcement of avoiding future health problems by maintaining a healthy diet. Respondent behaviors are reflexive responses to stimuli, Pavlovian behaviors are a specific type of respondent behavior related to classical conditioning, and discriminative behaviors involve making distinctions between different stimuli or situations. None of these are as directly applicable to health behaviors as operant behaviors.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a discriminative stimulus?&#10;A) An environmental signal that a certain behavior will be reinforced.&#10;B) A voluntary behavior that &#34;operate&#34; on the environment.&#10;C) An involuntary behavior that is triggered by an event.&#10;D) An event that immediately follows the occurrence of a health behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 12

Which term refers to the body's ability to adapt to stress and other elements of rapidly changing environments?&#10;A) Allostasis&#10;B) Anabolism&#10;C) Catabolism&#10;D) Resilience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term refers to the body's ability...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of catabolic reactions?&#10;A) They are characterized by the release of catecholamines.&#10;B) They break down tissues to be converted to energy.&#10;C) They are characterized by the release of cortisol and other &#34;fight-or-flight&#34; hormones.&#10;D) They build the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT true...

Question 14

Corrine has been receiving chemotherapy to treat breast cancer.This is an example of ___________ prevention.&#10;A) primary&#10;B) secondary&#10;C) tertiary&#10;D) prophylactic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Corrine has been receiving chemotherapy to treat...

Question 15

The ___________ reflects our motivation to comply with the views of other people regarding a health-related behavior.&#10;A) subjective norm&#10;B) health belief model&#10;C) transtheoretical model&#10;D) primary prevention model

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ___________ reflects our motivation to comply...

Deck 6: A: Staying Healthy: Primary Prevention and Positive Psychology