Deck 8: Personal Aud Organizational Ethics

Question 1

Failure to discipline someone who violates the organization's ethics standards implies approval of the person's behavior.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The basis of the principle of justice is the concept of fairness.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Leadership is the primary factor in improving an organization's ethical climate.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The principle of caring is derived from utilitarianism.

Question 5

According to research done by David Callahan,all of the following are reasons why cheating is on the rise except

A)bigger rewards for winning.
B)declining wages.
C)temptation.
D)trickle-down corruption.

Question 6

Virtue theory is the best example of a deontological theory.

Question 7

Individual managers,through ethical leadership,can have a direct effect on business ethics at the societal and global levels.

Question 8

The lower one's position in the company,the more pressure one feels to compromise ethical principles.

Question 9

According to research done by Phillip V.Lewis,there is almost a step-by-step process to make a moral decision.

Question 10

The ethical tests approach is considered a more pragmatic approach than the principles approach to ethics.

Question 11

Most people use some type of ethical principle when making decisions about a moral dilemma.

Question 12

The ethical principle of rights is categorized as a teleological theory.

Question 13

Ethics audits are designed to uncover acts that violate the finn's code of conduct.

Question 14

Society's moral climate has an indirect impact on organizational ethics.

Question 15

Utilitarianism can be summarized by the saying "the greatest good for the greatest number."

Question 16

Personal and managerial ethics entails making decisions.

Question 17

The categorical imperative is closely associated with the principle of utilitarianism.

Question 18

Integrity is the quality most sought after in leaders.

Question 19

Even the most routine decisions that managers make have ethical implications.

Question 20

The ethical principle of justice is a deontological theory.

Question 21

Ethical issues at the industry level

A)are usually handled by industry trade associations.
B)are typically resolved through the legal system.
C)can also be related to a specific profession.
D)can usually be rectified by individual managers.

Question 22

Ethical issues at the organizational level

A)represent conflicts between two or more companies.
B)display conflicts between a person's role as family member and employee.
C)are generally more difficult to solve than issues at the personal level.
D)confront people in their roles as managers or employees.

Question 23

Kant's categorical imperative argues that one's sense of duty is derived from

A)divine command.
B)reason.
C)emotion.
D)desire.

Question 24

Decisions about ethical situations often present a(n)

A)conflict of interest.
B)fmancial dilemma.
C)unresolvable problem.
D)legal problem.

Question 25

An ethical concept or rule that helps the decision maker take an ethical course is called a(n)

A)ethical principle.
B)moral challenge.
C)moral dilemma.
D)ethical rubric.

Question 26

The ethical principle that states,"we should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone" is

A)deontology.
B)virtue ethics.
C)utilitarianism.
D)hedonism.

Question 27

The ethics of care may help managers utilize

A)deontological principles.
B)the stakeholder perspective.
C)utilitarianism.
D)the principle of rights.

Question 28

The basic idea that underlies the principle of rights is that

A)they must be earned.
B)they are granted by the goverrnnent.
C)they cannot be overridden by utility.
D)they are universal to all peoples.

Question 29

Teleological theories focus on

A)duties.
B)rights.
C)consequences.
D)virtues.

Question 30

Ethical theories that focus on duties are called

A)teleological.
B)virtue theories.
C)principled rights.
D)deontological.

Question 31

The personal level of ethical challenges include situations we face in our personal lives

A)at work.
B)and in our families.
C)outside of the work context.
D)and spiritual lives.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a level at which ethics may be addressed?

A)personal
B)industry
C)global
D)small group

Question 33

Kant's categorical imperative emphasizes all of the following concepts except

A)respect for persons.
B)virtues.
C)universalizability.
D)duty.

Question 34

Which of the following is not an act of misconduct commonly observed in the workplace?

A)misreporting time worked
B)discrimination
C)sexual harassment
D)industrial espionage

Question 35

The key to the Golden Rule is

A)canng.
B)duty.
C)justice.
D)impartiality.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a type of justice mentioned in the textbook?

A)distributive justice
B)compensatory justice
C)proceduraljustice
D)utilitarian justice

Question 37

Moral rights

A)depend on a legal system for their validity.
B)are derived from religious teachings.
C)are important,justifiable claims.
D)are earned as people demonstrate their moral responsibilities.

Question 38

Unlike other ethical principles,virtue ethics focuses on

A)what acts should be done.
B)the consequences of our actions.
C)human dignity.
D)the individual becoming virtuous.

Question 39

Which of the following is the most basic assumption we make in discussing personal and managerial ethics?

A)With effort,the "right" answer can be reached.
B)The object of ethical principles is to minimize harm done to others.
C)The object of ethical principles is to maximize benefits to others and ourselves.
D)People want to behave ethically.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative?

A)Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
B)So act to treat humanity,whether in your own person or in that of any other,in every case as an end and never as merely a means.
C)Every rational being is able to regard oneself as a maker of universal law.
D)Act only according to that maxim by which you increase the overall happiness of everyone affected by your action.

Question 41

The test of one's best self relies on one's

A)self concept.
B)individual motivation.
C)self leadership.
D)self delusion.

Question 42

The Rawls Principle of Justice indicates that we need a fair method by which we may choose the principles through which conflicts will be resolved.Which of the following is not a principle of justice underlying his theory?

A)each person has equal rights to the most extrinsic basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for all others.
B)social and economic inequalities are arrange so that they are both to be everyone's advantage and attached to positions and offices open to all.
C)each person is to be treated equally.
D)public policy should raise as high as possible the social and economic well-being of society's best-off individuals.

Question 43

Being forthright,siucere,and honest in communicatiug with others is referred to as

A)candor.
B)transparency.
C)feedback.
D)criticism.

Question 44

An ethics screen is

A)a set of select standards against which the proposed action is compared.
B)a set offmancial criteria which must be met before the proposed action is evaluated ethically.
C)a set of investment criteria used by ethical investors.
D)a set of ethical standards against which job candidates are evaluated.

Question 45

The most important factor in ethical leadership is

A)what leaders talk about.
B)the code of ethics.
C)what leaders do.
D)discipline of ethics violators.

Question 46

The critical factor in the success of codes of conduct is

A)who wrote the document.
B)giving employees the chance for feedback before the document is adopted.
C)whether or not the codes become "living documents."
D)the level of precision in defming what is unacceptable behavior.

Question 47

refers to a quality,characteristics,or state in which activities,processes,practices,and decisions in companies become open or visible to the outside world.

A)Opacity
B)Corporate Transparency
C)Deontological
D)Utilitarianism

Question 48

The top factor in managers' unethical behaviors is consistently cited as

A)greed.
B)financial need.
C)peer pressure.
D)behaviors of superiors.

Question 49

A growing school of thought argues that should be made part of management training,executive development programs,and business school education.

A)Leadership
B)Management
C)Communication
D)Ethics

Question 50

The moral tone of an organization is set by

A)the board of directors.
B)regulatory agencies.
C)top management.
D)first line managers.

Question 51

The three attributes ofbeiug a moral person iuclude all of the followiug except

A)traits.
B)behaviors.
C)attitudes.
D)decision making.

Question 52

The pressure to compromise one's personal ethical standards is felt most by

A)board members.
B)senior managers.
C)middle managers.
D)lower level managers.

Question 53

Reasons to use the Golden Rule as an ethical principle include all of the following except

A)it is accepted by most people.
B)it is a uniquely Christian principle.
C)it is easy to understand.
D)it is a win-win philosophy.

Question 54

Each of the following are characteristics of servant leaders except:

A)Persuasion
B)Deception
C)Stewardship
D)Building community

Question 55

Based on surveys of managers,the society's moral climate appears to

A)be a direct factor in managers' ethical deliberations.
B)be irrelevant to managers.
C)be a leading influence in managers' decisions.
D)serve as a background factor in managers' decisions.

Question 56

Beiug a moral manager iuvolves all of the followiug activities except

A)role modeliug.
B)communicating about ethics and values.
C)delegating effectively.
D)using rewards and discipliue effectively.

Question 57

One of the most powerful ethical tests is the test of

A)one's best self.
B)making something public.
C)ventilation.
D)the purified idea.

Question 58

Ethical leadership is founded on two pillars.These are

A)rewards and punishments.
B)the manager as a moral person and a moral manager.
C)ethical climate and ethics training.
D)ethics principles and ethics tests.

Question 59

Moral organizations are

A)organizations that do not have unethical behaviors within their ranks.
B)developed through continuous ethics training.
C)fully populated by moral managers making moral decisions.
D)more prevalent in the United States than in other countries.

Question 60

Which of the following is not an element of effective ethics programs?

A)compliance standards
B)systems for monitoring,auditing,and reporting
C)delegation of authority
D)enforcement

Question 61

Throughout the text,theory after theory has been offered.Some would even say that you should just go on your "gut feeling" anyway.With this in mind,what relevance does the common sense test and one's best self ethical tests have
in this idea.

Question 62

One criticism of ethics hotlines is that most of the reported wrongdoings are false accusations,which can cause great harm to company morale.

Question 63

The authors state that it seems that more often than not individuals think about a moral situation briefly,and then go with their instincts.Do you agree with this characterization of moral judgment? What evidence can you provide to
support your position?

Question 64

Account for the differences in perceived pressure to compromise personal standards of conduct among senior managers,middle managers,and lower managers.Are the actual pressures really different,or is there a difference in perception,or is there some other reason?

Question 65

The concept of servant leadership states that leaders should seek first to serve their followers,and by doing so,they become great leaders.Evaluate this idea.Is it something that would work in the United States?

Question 66

The motive behind managers' pressure on subordinates to perform is most likely the emphasis on economic success.
Assuming this statement is tme,relate this fact to Lawrence Kohlberg's observation that most adults operate at
Level 2,the conventional level of moral development.What implications do these facts have for ethical behavior in organizations?

Question 67

Evaluate the principle of utilitarianism.

Question 68

Think of a time when you were presented with an ethical dilemma.How did you respond? What motivated you to act as you did? How did you feel after you made the decision and its resulting consequences took place? Did you
regret your decision or did you feel proud of it? Why?

Question 69

Discuss the board of directors' role in the finn's ethical climate.

Question 70

Some people have proposed that character education be provided in schools and in corporations.Evaluate this proposal.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a way of perceiving ethical codes?

A)as a magnifying glass.
B)as a compass.
C)as a shield.
D)as a club.

Question 72

One answer that has been provided to combat the sinking status of ethics officers is for them to "manage ethics upward," i.e. ,overseeing the ethical practices of officers above them in the organization chart.Evaluate the potential
effectiveness of this solution.

Question 73

From your knowledge of human behavior,do you agree with Carol Gilligan's contention that women tend to view ethics differently than do men?

Question 74

Compare and contrast compliance vs.ethics orientation.

Question 75

Explain the concept of corporate transparency.Evaluate its usefulness in creating an ethical climate within an organization.

Question 76

Some people argue that we are experiencing a "proliferation of rights claims," in which more and more people are claiming more and more rights.Do you agree with this argument? What are the implications for our society,if it is
true?

Question 77

Discuss and evaluate the Rawls principle of justice provided in the textbook.

Question 78

Defend the idea of character education being provided by corporations.