Deck 36: Hypertension

Question 1

A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking antihypertensive therapy.The patient reports fatigue and has a pulse of 54 beats/min.Which medication administered is most likely the cause of these symptoms?

A) Diltiazem (Cardizem)
B) Furosemide (Lasix)
C) Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
D) Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Answer 1

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Question 2

An 87-year-old patient is taking furosemide (Lasix)for elevated blood pressure.What should the nurse know that older patients are at risk for?

A) Falls
B) Hypokalemia
C) Reflex tachycardia
D) Neutropenia

Answer 2

Hypokalemia

Question 3

A patient is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor, enalapril (Vasotec).What is an appropriate instruction for the nurse to provide?

A) Monitor potassium intake.
B) Report asthma symptoms.
C) Return for follow-up visits.
D) Assess blood sugar closely.

Answer 3

Return for follow-up visits.

Question 4

A patient inquires if his blood pressure is normal.What is the nurse's most accurate response regarding the definition of normal blood pressure?

A) Less than 144/90 mm Hg
B) Less than 138/86 mm Hg
C) Less than126/82 mm Hg
D) Less than 120/80 mm Hg

Question 5

An obese 38-year-old African-American patient with diabetes is being evaluated for the use of propranolol (Inderal)in controlling hypertension.What is a contraindication for the use of propranolol (Inderal)in this patient?

A) Race
B) Age
C) Diabetes
D) Weight

Question 6

A nurse is providing patient education regarding a low-sodium diet.In addition to the use of spices, what should the nurse recommend to help decrease sodium in the diet?

A) Catsup
B) Garlic
C) Soy sauce
D) Cheese

Question 7

A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)for hypertension.When providing dietary teaching what should the nurse encourage the patient to increase the intake of?

A) Bananas
B) Apple juice
C) Sugar-free foods
D) Low-fat milk

Question 8

A patient with hypertension reports the symptom of headache.How do headaches related to hypertension characteristically occur?

A) Frontal in the afternoon
B) Temporal on exertion
C) Occipital on arising
D) Frontal at night

Question 9

What should a nurse instruct a patient who has been started on verapamil (Calan)for elevated blood pressure to monitor?

A) Urine output
B) Pulse
C) Stool for blood
D) Edema

Question 10

Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)and asthma?

A) Propranolol (Inderal): beta-adrenergic receptor blocker
B) Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL): diuretic
C) Diltiazem (Cardizem): calcium antagonist
D) Captopril (Capoten): ACE inhibitor

Question 11

What do blood pressure readings need to exceed for a patient to be diagnosed with hypertension?

A) 120/80 mm Hg
B) 130/90 mm Hg
C) 140/90 mm Hg
D) 150/100 mm Hg

Question 12

What is the focus of treatment for secondary hypertension?

A) Smoking cessation program
B) Strenuous exercise program
C) Weight loss program designed to reduce weight rapidly
D) Specific etiologic disease

Question 13

A patient is being evaluated every week for possible hypertension and is classified as prehypertensive.Which assessment would support this conclusion?

A) Blood pressure reading over 120/80 mm Hg for two consecutive visits
B) Blood pressure reading over 130/85 mm Hg for over 2 months
C) Blood pressure reading over 140/95 mm Hg for 2 months
D) Blood pressure reading over 144/100 mm Hg at one visit

Question 14

Which is true regarding hypertension in older adults?

A) It is age related.
B) It is unavoidable.
C) It is progressively disabling.
D) It improves with treatment.

Question 15

An obese African-American man reports that he smokes.How should the nurse stage this patient's hypertension?

A) Grade A
B) Grade B
C) Grade C
D) Grade D

Question 16

A nurse is educating a group of patients regarding Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)diet.What recommendation should the nurse include as a source of protein and fat?

A) Lean red meat
B) Whole grains
C) Low fiber
D) Sugar

Question 17

Which lifestyle change has the greatest effect on reducing hypertension?

A) Sodium restriction
B) Reduction in alcohol consumption
C) Daily aerobic exercise
D) Weight reduction

Question 18

What does treatment for essential hypertension focus on?

A) Daily medication with mild diuretics
B) Low-dose vasodilators
C) Reduction of modifiable risks
D) Combination of vasodilators and diuretics

Question 19

An 89-year-old patient is taking an antihypertensive medication.What should the nurse include when providing home care teaching?

A) Get up out of bed slowly.
B) Take hot baths.
C) Report sexual dysfunction immediately.
D) Stop taking the drug if side effects occur.

Question 20

What should a nurse include when developing a teaching plan for a patient with hypertension?

A) Stop medications if side effects occur.
B) Maintain a diet high in unsaturated fat.
C) Advise no further visits if no other symptoms occur.
D) Encourage relaxation techniques.

Question 21

A nurse explains that the force against which the left ventricle must work to force the blood into the circulation is called ______.

Question 22

A patient reports drowsiness after initiating atenolol (Tenormin)for the treatment of hypertension.What is the nurse's best response when educating this patient about atenolol (Tenormin)?

A) Take the medication at bedtime.
B) Reduce the dose of the medication until the desired effect occurs.
C) Avoid activities that require alertness.
D) Talk to the physician because drowsiness is not an anticipated side effect.

Question 23

A nurse explains that hypertension occurs when a chain reaction of events takes place.______ (Place the following options in the appropriate sequence.Do not separate answers with a space or punctuation.Example: ABCD.)

A)Ephedrine constricts vessels and increases the heart rate.
B)Renin constricts vessels and decreases the blood flow to the kidneys.
C)Angiotensin constricts vessels in response to renin.
D)Norepinephrine constricts vessels, increasing peripheral vascular resistance.
E)The adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, causing fluids and sodium to be retained.

Question 24

What are the advantages of hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Is potassium sparing
B) Is effective for African Americans
C) Consistently controls blood pressure
D) Has no side effects
E) Decreases heart rate

Question 25

A patient with hypertension comes to the emergency department and is experiencing nausea and vomiting and is restless and confused.Vital signs are assessed at blood pressure, 220/130 mm Hg; pulse, 120 beats/min; and respirations, 32 breaths/min.What should the nurse conclude the patient is experiencing based on these assessments?

A) Hypertension crisis from the cessation of a drug
B) Stroke from increased blood pressure
C) Adverse drug reaction
D) Onset of diabetes

Question 26

Which conditions are considered potential causes of secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

A) Renal disease
B) Coarctation of the aorta
C) Colon cancer
D) Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
E) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 27

Which patient is at the highest risk for malignant hypertension?

A) White postmenopausal women
B) Obese Asians
C) Young African-American adults
D) Older Latino men

Question 28

A patient taking methyldopa (Aldomet)for hypertension reports to the emergency department with a severe headache, blurred vision, and a blood pressure reading of 200/94 mm Hg.What should the nurse suspect is happening to this patient?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Inadequate coping with sedation
C) Abrupt cessation of medication
D) Sexual dysfunction

Question 29

A nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with essential hypertension.What should the nurse know is included in a first-line therapeutic approach to lowering this patient's blood pressure? (Select all that apply.)

A) Smoking cessation
B) Beta-blockers
C) Exercise programs
D) Weight loss
E) Decreased sodium intake

Question 30

What should be the nursing priority when caring for a patient with a hypertensive crisis?

A) Suctioning secretions
B) Monitoring for seizure activity
C) Monitoring fluid volume
D) Preventing hyperthermia