Deck 2: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Bases have

A) a pH less than 7.
B) more H⁺ ions than OH^- ions.
C) a pH greater than 7.
D) both A and B.

Answer 1

a pH greater than 7.

Question 2

Which of these elements is not one of the four elements that make up most of the human body?

A) Carbon
B) Nitrogen
C) Oxygen
D) Calcium

Answer 2

Calcium

Question 3

The process of dehydration synthesis

A) uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones.
B) adds a molecule of water to the reactants.
C) converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water.
D) both A and B.

Answer 3

converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water.

Question 4

The end product of a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base is

A) water.
B) a salt.
C) a weak acid and a weak base.
D) both A and B.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

A) Sucrose
B) Glucose
C) Lactose
D) Glycogen

Question 6

The process of hydrolysis

A) uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones.
B) removes a molecule of water from the reactants.
C) converts smaller molecules into larger molecules by removing water.
D) both B and C.

Question 7

The atomic number of an atom is the number of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) both A and B.

Question 8

A solution with a pH of 4

A) has 100 times more H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 2.
B) has 100 times fewer H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 2.
C) has 100 times fewer H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 6.
D) is basic.

Question 9

Bonds that usually dissociate in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.

A) ionic
B) covalent
C) organic
D) both B and C

Question 10

The bonds formed when electrons are shared are called

A) electrolytes.
B) ionic bonds.
C) covalent bonds.
D) inorganic bonds.

Question 11

Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Both A and B

Question 12

The atomic mass of an atom is the number of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) sum of A and B.

Question 13

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus

Question 14

An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has

A) a positive charge.
B) a negative charge.
C) no charge (electrically neutral).
D) not enough information is given to determine its charge.

Question 15

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus

Question 16

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus

Question 17

Acids have

A) a pH less than 7.
B) more H⁺ ions than OH^- ions.
C) more OH^- than H⁺ ions.
D) both A and B.

Question 18

Electrons are found

A) in the nucleus.
B) in orbitals.
C) at various distances from the nucleus called energy levels.
D) both B and C.

Question 19

The subatomic particle that determines how an atom unites with other atoms is the

A) proton.
B) neutron.
C) electron.
D) both A and B.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

A) Sucrose
B) Glucose
C) Lactose
D) Glycogen

Question 21

Triglycerides

A) are steroid lipids.
B) have a phosphorus-containing unit on one end.
C) have two fatty acids.
D) have three fatty acids.

Question 22

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Compound whose basic unit is a monosaccharide

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 23

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base uracil

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 24

Which of the following is a functional protein?

A) Collagen
B) Keratin
C) Enzymes
D) Both A and B

Question 25

Which of the following is a structural protein?

A) Collagen
B) Keratin
C) Enzymes
D) Both A and B

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

A) They have water-repelling tails.
B) They are made up of amino acids.
C) They contain nitrogen.
D) They contain peptide bonds.

Question 27

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base thymine

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 28

Which substance is found only in DNA?

A) Adenine
B) Guanine
C) Thymine
D) Cytosine

Question 29

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Lipid that has two fatty acids and is important in the cell membrane

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 30

The nitrogen atom has a total of seven electrons. To have a full outer energy level, it would have to

A) add one electron.
B) lose one electron.
C) add three electrons.
D) lose two electrons.

Question 31

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Lipid that is used to make hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 32

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description.
Part of the atom that is found in the nucleus

A)Protons
B)Neutrons
C)Electrons
D)Both protons and neutrons

Question 33

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description.
Part of the atom that is found in orbitals around the nucleus

A)Protons
B)Neutrons
C)Electrons
D)Both protons and neutrons

Question 34

Which type of chemical bond does not result in the formation of a new molecule?

A) Hydrogen bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Covalent bond
D) None of the above; all chemical bonds result in the formation of a new molecule.

Question 35

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description.
Part of the atom that when combined with the protons gives the atom its atomic mass

A)Protons
B)Neutrons
C)Electrons
D)Both protons and neutrons

Question 36

Cholesterol

A) contains three fatty acids.
B) contains two fatty acids.
C) is a steroid lipid.
D) contains glycerol.

Question 37

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description.
Part of the atom that gives an atom its atomic number

A)Protons
B)Neutrons
C)Electrons
D)Both protons and neutrons

Question 38

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Lipid that is composed of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 39

Which of the following substances is not found in a DNA nucleotide?

A) Phosphate unit
B) Glycerol molecule
C) Nitrogen base
D) A sugar

Question 40

Phospholipids

A) contain glycerol.
B) contain two fatty acids.
C) contain three fatty acids.
D) both A and B.

Question 41

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
A molecule that contains more than one type of atom

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 42

Describe the structures of carbohydrates, and explain their use in the body.

Question 43

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.

-Compound that produces OH^-ions

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 44

Explain the relationship among H⁺ ion concentration, OH^- ion concentration, and pH.

Question 45

Name the three parts of the atom, and give a description of each.

Question 46

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Bond formed when oppositely charged atoms are attracted to one another

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 47

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 48

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Part of the atom in which protons are found

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 49

Explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

Question 50

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.
Can be enzymes

A)Carbohydrates
B)Triglycerides
C)Phospholipids
D)Cholesterol
E)Proteins
F)RNA
G)DNA

Question 51

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Molecules that form ions when dissolved in water

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 52

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Equal to the number of protons an atom has

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 53

Explain how a covalent bond forms.

Question 54

Explain how an ionic bond forms.

Question 55

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Bond that is formed when electrons are shared

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 56

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Compound that produces H⁺ ions

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 57

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Part of the atom in which electrons are found

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 58

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Process by which reactants combine only after hydrogen and oxygen atoms have been removed

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 59

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.
Process by which water is used to break larger molecules into smaller molecules

A)Nucleus
B)Ionic bond
C)Atomic mass
D)Compound
E)Electrolyte
F)Atomic number
G)Covalent bonds
H)Orbitals
I)Hydrolysis
J)Dehydration synthesis
K)Acid
L)Base

Question 60

Describe the difference between an acid solution and a base solution by comparing the types and relative concentrations of ions in each.

Question 61

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 62

The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom are protons and neutrons.

Question 63

Explain the structure of a nucleic acid, and list the differences between RNA and DNA.

Question 64

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.

Question 65

Ionic bonds result from atoms sharing electrons.

Question 66

For a compound to be considered an organic compound it must have a C-O or an H-O bond.

Question 67

The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons and electrons.

Question 68

The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of electrons.

Question 69

Chemical bonds form when atoms share, donate, or borrow electrons.

Question 70

An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom.

Question 71

The closer an orbital is to the nucleus of an atom, the higher its energy level.

Question 72

A full atomic orbital always contains eight electrons.

Question 73

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has a +1 charge.

Question 74

Describe the structure of a protein, and give examples of structural proteins and functional proteins.

Question 75

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic number of 11.

Question 76

An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic mass of 21.

Question 77

When an ionic compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions.

Question 78

When a covalent compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions.

Question 79

Describe the three types of lipids, and give the function of each.

Question 80

All molecules are not necessarily compounds.