Deck 4: Verbal Messages

Question 1

A communication pattern, described in the text, in which you ignore a person's presence and his or her communication is _______.

A) confirmation
B) rejection
C) disconfirmation
D) indiscrimination

Answer 1

disconfirmation

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios is an example of self-enhancement deception?

A) saying you make more money than you really do
B) lying about the fact you were fired from your last job
C) telling your friend she "looks fine" when you really think she doesn't
D) spreading a false rumor about a colleague in order to get him fired

Answer 2

saying you make more money than you really do

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is most inclusive?

A) A professor speaking to high school students about marriage and children.
B) A priest speaking to a group of Muslims about the Bible.
C) A group of construction workers meeting to discuss optimal tools.
D) A teacher speaking to underprivileged children about vacationing in Europe.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The preferred use of "gay" is as a(n) _______, not a(n) _______.

A) verb; noun
B) noun; adjective
C) qualifier; separator
D) adjective; noun

Question 5

Studies on politeness have shown which of the following?

A) Women's speech is more polite than men's speech.
B) Men use more indirect statements when making requests than women do.
C) Cultures are virtually the same regarding how they define politeness.
D) Indirect statements are always viewed negatively.

Question 6

Which of the following messages is most direct?

A) I'd like to go to the movies. Do you want to go?
B) I'm so bored; I have nothing to do tonight.
C) Do you feel like pizza tonight?
D) You wouldn't want to go bowling, would you?

Question 7

The assumption that certain races are intellectually inferior to others is a clear example of _______ racism.

A) heterosexist
B) institutionalized
C) conventional
D) individual

Question 8

Which of the following is a rule of netiquette?

A) Enter discussions immediately so you're contributing to the website.
B) TYPING IN ALL CAPS is preferred.
C) Be aggressive in your rejection of friend requests.
D) Don't spam or send unsolicited advertisements.

Question 9

"White," "Native American," and "woman" are examples of _______.

A) cultural identifiers
B) reference groups
C) ethnicities
D) polarizing language

Question 10

A lie told to achieve some good is called _______ deception.

A)prosocial
B) self-enhancement
C) selfish
D) antisocial

Question 11

What does the text mean when it states, "messages are packaged?"

A) Verbal and nonverbal messages occur in spite of each other.
B) Messages always come with mixed signals.
C) Verbal and nonverbal signals rarely coincide with what the speaker is saying.
D) Verbal and nonverbal messages occur simultaneously.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about meaning?

A) Meaning is inherent in the materials that make up the world.
B) Meanings are not in words but in people.
C) You receive meaning.
D) Meanings are not dependent on context.

Question 13

Each of us wants to be viewed positively. This is known as maintaining _______.

A) negative face
B) positive face
C) politeness
D) self-enhancement

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) "Inuk" is preferred to "Eskimo."
B) "American Indian" or "Native American" is preferred to "Indian."
C) "Hispanic" is used to refer to anyone who identifies himself or herself as belonging to a Spanish speaking culture.
D) "Chicana" and "Chicano" are preferred over "Mexican American."

Question 15

You don't receive meaning, you _______ meaning.

A) ignore
B) create
C) measure
D) dictate

Question 16

According to the text, because messages are in _______, many different interpretations can arise from a single statement.

A) flux
B) nonverbal gestures
C) people
D) the media

Question 17

What does it mean for a message to be onymous?

A) the speaker is clearly identified
B) the message contains only nonverbal signals
C) the speaker is unknown
D) the message is communicated only verbally

Question 18

How is meaning encoded in low-context cultures?

A) through facial, eye, and other nonverbal movements
B) through polite, indirect statements
C) through context cues
D) through verbal messages

Question 19

The subjective description of a word is known as a word's _______.

A) connotation
B) denotation
C) definition
D) dictionary entry

Question 20

Rita is angry that Beatrice turned their group project in late, resulting in an automatically lowered grade. However, rather than holding her anger in or aggressively confronting Beatrice, Rita states her frustration while keeping Beatrice's feelings in mind. Rita is communicating _______.

A) passive-aggressively
B) assertively
C) indiscriminately
D) passively

Question 21

Meanings are in people, not words and gestures.

Question 22

Fredrick assumes his anthropology professor is a pompous egghead, as that is what he's always been told about professors. Fredrick is basing his opinion on _______.

A) extensional orientation
B) individuality
C) cultural identifiers
D) intensional orientation

Question 23

Verbal messages act independently of nonverbal messages.

Question 24

"He's a jerk," demonstrates the use of a purr word.

Question 25

Recognizing that messages vary in cultural sensitivity is a great step toward avoiding disconfirming messages.

Question 26

"Policeman" and "fireman" are words that demonstrate _______.

A) allness
B) ethnocentrism
C) polarization
D) sexist language

Question 27

During Benjamin and Kyle's first team meeting, Benjamin thought Kyle was aloof and boring. Kyle, however, was very nervous being new to the company and kept to himself or very rarely gave any input. Now, Benjamin dismisses Kyle as a possibility for upper management believing him to be too introverted and dull. What illogical thinking has Benjamin become a victim of?

A) allness
B) polarization
C) individuality
D) indiscrimination

Question 28

Snarl and purr words are denotative in meaning.

Question 29

________ is a verbal or mental subscript that identifies each individual in a group as an individual, even though all members of the group may be covered by the same label.

A) Allness
B) Index
C) Et cetera
D) Dating

Question 30

Bernard constantly complains about the disrespectful and lazy attitudes of most teenagers these days. What kind of language is Bernard engaging in?

A) racist
B) heterosexist
C) sexist
D) ageist

Question 31

Which of the following is a disconfirming behavior?

A) making nonverbal contact
B) jumping to interpretation or evaluation
C) asking questions
D) allowing the other person to fully express his or her ideas

Question 32

Kylie does not like Jerome's new haircut, but instead of voicing that she says, "That is a very interesting haircut, Jerome." What type of lie did Kylie use?

A) prosocial
B) self-enhancement
C) selfish
D) antisocial

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of using "purr words"?

A) "You're the greatest!"
B) "She's such a loser."
C) "He's a pig."
D) "They are such idiots!"

Question 34

Which of the following statements is an example of indiscrimination?

A) "Bill Jonsen is just like the rest of them: lazy and uneducated."
B) "I don't want Barbara Jones on the city council."
C) "I don't like Bill Jonsen because of the way he treated my father."
D) "Barbara Jones and Bill Jonsen are lazy and uneducated."

Question 35

Carl's sister called him a cruel name when they were kids. He still believes her capable of such cruelty. Carl is engaging in what concept from the text?

A) polar opposites
B) false evaluation
C) static evaluation
D) grudging

Question 36

Cultural identifiers are static and well understood by all; you can use them without fear
of offending anyone.

Question 37

When Greta thinks of death, she thinks about her grandmother's recent battle with cancer. This is a _________ definition of death.

A) connotative
B) formative
C) identification
D) denotative

Question 38

Which of the following statements is an example of polarization?

A) "This room is either burning up or freezing each day when we arrive."
B) "Which of the amendments are you voting for"?
C) "The patient's temperature was rising and falling dramatically."
D) "This class is wonderful."

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of metacommunication?

A) adding a smiley at the end of a text message
B) saying, "Good morning"
C) winking at your significant other
D) sleeping

Question 40

Which of the following statements is an inferential statement?

A) The professor teaches English.
B) Rainbows are a source of good luck.
C) That tree's leaves are green.
D) She is riding the bus today.

Question 41

Polarization is often referred to as the fallacy of "either-or"; it is the tendency to look at the world and describe it in terms of extremes.

Question 42

In low-context cultures, the words are less important than the context.

Question 43

It is accurate to say that we "receive meaning" from others.

Question 44

Using the word "church" is more inclusive than the phrase "place of worship."

Question 45

Intensional orientation is the tendency to shift a person to your way of thinking and seeing the world.

Question 46

Discuss the four types of lies and give examples of each.

Question 47

Name five netiquette guidelines and give a brief explanation for each.

Question 48

It is always preferable to use concrete language over abstract language.

Question 49

Inferential statements are based on observations and your own conclusions.

Question 50

Explain the difference between extensional orientation and intensional orientation. Give an example and discuss why intensional orientation is to be avoided.

Question 51

At the campus learning center, Char helps a student writing a paper find appropriate substitutes for the following words: "lady," "sexual preference," "nonwhite," "Chicano," "Orientals," "senior citizen," and "Jews." What words might Char suggest and why?

Question 52

How can sexist language be avoided in conversation and in writing? Give two specific examples.

Question 53

All cultures define politeness in the same way.

Question 54

Saying you were at the library when you were really at a bar is a prosocial lie.

Question 55

A useful antidote to indiscrimination is the index.

Question 56

If we assume that we know everything there is to know about something or someone, we fall into the pattern of misevaluation called allness.

Question 57

Extensional orientation is the tendency to be guided by what we see happening rather than by the label for what is happening.

Question 58

Bryan told his girlfriend that "he just wants to be friends," meaning he doesn't want to see her anymore. She, however, assumed he meant that they would still hang out, but just as friends. Based on the principles of verbal messages in Chapter 5, explain how this misunderstanding occurred and how it could have been avoided.

Question 59

Disconfirmation is the same as disagreeing with someone.

Question 60

Polarization is a relatively fixed mental picture of some group that is applied to each individual of the group without regard for his or her unique qualities.