Deck 3: Migration

Question 1

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ________ of the demographic transition.

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4
E) stage 5

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A principal pull factor in California in the 1840s was

A) a gold rush.
B) a war with Mexico.
C) a "nitrate rush."
D) a "dust bowl."
E) the Great Plains.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in

A) Norway or England.
B) Ireland or Germany.
C) Italy or Poland.
D) Spain or Portugal.
E) Russia or Bulgaria.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in

A) China.
B) Australia.
C) Germany.
D) the United Kingdom.
E) the United States.

Question 5

A permanent move to a new location is

A) migration.
B) mobility.
C) net migration.
D) net in-migration.
E) net out-migration.

Question 6

Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe?

A) central
B) north and west
C) south and east
D) south and west
E) north and east

Question 7

Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because

A) the British military forced them to become refugees.
B) disastrous economic conditions, exacerbated by British government policies, pushed them out of the country.
C) poor environmental conditions, including volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, induced them to migrate.
D) they were attracted by the separation of church and state (freedom of religion) in the United States.
E) Spanish invasions threatened their homes.

Question 8

Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States?

A) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.
B) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors.
C) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States.
D) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish.
E) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.

Question 9

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?

A) economic
B) environmental
C) cultural
D) circulation
E) All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 10

Most of the migrants in a country once moved from its eastern provinces to its western provinces, but after economic conditions changed, more people began migrating from rural to urban areas. This can be judged to be an example of a migration ________.

A) transition
B) chain
C) counterurbanization
D) economy
E) force

Question 11

The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of

A) decreased economic opportunities at the same time that European countries experienced rapid population growth.
B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions.
C) religious freedom in the United States, as European countries forbade their citizens to attend most kinds of religious services.
D) the great reputation of schools and hospitals in the United States.
E) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska in the 1800s.

Question 12

Norwegians were most likely to migrate to the United States

A) prior to 1840.
B) during the 1840s and 1850s.
C) during the 1880s and 1890s.
D) during the U.S. Civil War.
E) between 1900 and 1915.

Question 13

The largest number of legal, documented immigrants to the United States come from what country?

A) Cuba
B) Mexico
C) the Philippines
D) South Korea
E) Dominican Republic

Question 14

Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which parts of Europe?

A) central
B) south and east
C) east and west
D) north and west
E) north and east

Question 15

Which of the following people would you predict to be most likely to engage in voluntary migration in the near future?

A) A teenaged girl whose family's home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable.
B) A youth whose village has been identified by the central government as harboring and providing material support to an armed rebel group in the midst of a civil war.
C) The dictator of a Southwest Asian country who has just 'won' another fraudulent election.
D) A youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a traditionally exploited province of a developing country.
E) A teenaged girl in China whose rural family has enough food to eat but lacks the money to expand the size of their house, and would like to plan to send a younger sibling to college in the future.

Question 16

Which one of the following would you judge to be the best example of circulation?

A) Visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as a prospective college student.
B) Taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years of use.
C) Going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies.
D) Going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend's sixteenth birthday party.
E) Visiting a famous national park for the first time in your life.

Question 17

The ability to move from one location to another, either temporarily or permanently, is

A) migration.
B) mobility.
C) net migration.
D) voluntary migration.
E) forced migration.

Question 18

A country has net in-migration if immigration ________ emigration.

A) equals
B) exceeds
C) is closer to net migration than
D) is less than
E) varies more than

Question 19

A boy migrated from Honduras through Guatemala and Mexico, then entered the United States without immigration documents, because members of his ethnic group were being targeted for torture or assassination in his home country. Although the U.S. government does not grant the boy refugee status, his case is an example of international and ________ migration.

A) forced
B) human rights
C) voluntary
D) economic
E) transitional

Question 20

Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted

A) women are more likely to migrate than men.
B) long migration distances are more likely than short.
C) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.
D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional migration in terms of political and economic resources.
E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons.

Question 21

Some of the highest rates of migration today for Filipinos are to

A) countries in southwestern Asia.
B) Canada.
C) Eastern Europe.
D) Russia.
E) Mexico and Latin America.

Question 22

Recent immigrants to the United States

A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states.
B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts.
C) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois and are seldom in other areas.
D) have not been attracted to rural and agricultural areas.
E) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects.

Question 23

Counterurbanization is

A) moving from an urban core to suburban areas.
B) due to expanding suburbs.
C) migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.
D) the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida.
E) the decline of the inner-city infrastructure.

Question 24

Judge which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor.

A) Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated as prisoners after being sentenced to "transportation" in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
B) The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island.
C) Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor them.
D) Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers.
E) The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War II.

Question 25

Which factor most often causes voluntary migration?

A) economic
B) environmental
C) international
D) political
E) a regional conflict

Question 26

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is

A) north to south.
B) region to region.
C) urban to rural.
D) city to city.
E) rural to urban.

Question 27

An analysis of the chapter's map(s) of refugees suggests that

A) most of the world's refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom.
B) neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas.
C) there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time.
D) neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas.
E) the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.

Question 28

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2010, the largest number of refugees were forced to migrate from ________, which have seen a great deal of armed conflict in recent years.

A) Vietnam and Indonesia
B) Afghanistan and Iraq
C) Sudan, South Africa, and Colombia
D) Mexico and Colombia
E) Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and Somalia

Question 29

The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is

A) economic.
B) environmental.
C) forced.
D) political.
E) geomagnetic.

Question 30

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by

A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.
B) dictating optimal locations for factories.
C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.
D) moving the capital to Brasilia.
E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast.

Question 31

In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades?

A) natural increase rate
B) net in-migration
C) crude birth rate
D) declining death rate
E) urban expansions

Question 32

Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor?

A) revolutionary takeover of a government
B) failed harvest
C) flooding of a river
D) opening of a new factory
E) civil war

Question 33

Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to

A) expanding urban territory.
B) increasing employment opportunities.
C) desire to change lifestyle.
D) regional development.
E) global investment.

Question 34

Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. We might categorize this as an example of

A) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor.
B) net migration changing to gross migration.
C) forced migration changing to voluntary migration.
D) a pull factor changing to a push factor.
E) a push factor changing to a pull factor.

Question 35

From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the

A) arrival of Europeans and their wars with Native Americans beginning in the 1600s.
B) unauthorized immigration from Latin America, especially in the 1900s.
C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century, despite the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
D) opening up of the western territories to settlement.
E) industrial development in the northeast, particularly at the outset of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 36

Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States?

A) rural to urban
B) urban to suburban
C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan
D) net emigration from the northeast
E) all of the above

Question 37

The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the

A) east.
B) north.
C) south.
D) west.
E) center.

Question 38

Among the difficulties faced by the Soviet Union's program to attract migrants to its industrial zones was the following:

A) Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh winters.
B) Migrants didn't move often because of high population growth.
C) The program provided no economic incentives.
D) The premier of the Soviet Union was criticized for engaging in fraudulent electoral practices, and the resulting lack of trust in the political system has kept workers from migrating.
E) Russian speakers were willing to migrate, but speakers of other languages were not.

Question 39

Which of the following current migration flows is the least significant in terms of total numbers of people?

A) from Asia to Europe
B) from Africa to Europe
C) from Asia to North America
D) between and among Asian countries
E) from Latin America to North America

Question 40

The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been

A) Asia.
B) Australia.
C) North America.
D) South America.
E) South Asia.

Question 41

Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East experience some discrimination and harsher work conditions than citizens in their host countries, so it we might judge that they live as

A) unauthorized immigrants.
B) low-status foreigners.
C) almost exclusively Muslims.
D) high-status southern Europeans.
E) technical specialists invited as consultants.

Question 42

Which of the following people would you deduce is most likely to engage in rural to urban migration in the near future?

A) The eldest son of a large family in China who is the only member of the household with knowledge about planting and herding animals.
B) A marketing director for a large corporation who is being asked to move from one metropolitan area to another.
C) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China who have all recently moved to Shanghai.
D) A young married woman in central Detroit who are worried about safety and the quality of schools in her neighborhood.
E) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding animals.

Question 43

An example of ________ is the migration of doctors and engineers to the United States after they have received years of government-financed schooling and training in Colombia.

A) brain drain
B) chain drain
C) chain migration
D) net migration
E) cohort migration

Question 44

You might propose a(n) ________ program for your country if you wanted to hire a large number of manual laborers from neighboring countries to build a large dam or canal, with the understanding that they would not be granted any other privileges or legal status in your country, after the project is finished.

A) guest worker
B) unauthorized worker
C) unauthorized hiring
D) engineering obstacle
E) chain migration

Question 45

Most guest workers head for which parts of Europe?

A) north and east
B) north and west
C) central
D) south and west
E) south and east

Question 46

Ellis Island

A) was the subject of a territorial dispute between New York and New Jersey.
B) was originally claimed by France but given to the United States along with the Statue of Liberty.
C) is still in use today as an immigration gateway to the United States.
D) is the actual location of the Statue of Liberty.
E) is not truly an island because it is joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land.

Question 47

Given the textbook's description of Asian migration to the United States, we might conclude that most Asians today are migrating to the U.S. through the process of

A) expansion diffusion.
B) brain drain.
C) chain migration.
D) undocumented immigration.
E) global circulation.

Question 48

A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration it is an example of

A) an environmental push factor.
B) a forced migration.
C) an intervening obstacle.
D) a cultural pull factor.
E) an environmental incentive.

Question 49

Most European guest workers come from which parts of Europe?

A) north and central
B) north and west
C) central and west
D) south and west
E) south and east

Question 50

U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of

A) virtually ending immigration.
B) indirectly causing two world wars.
C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world.
D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.
E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited.

Question 51

Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of

A) economic depression in the United States.
B) forced migration after World War I.
C) imposition of quota laws.
D) declining demand for industrial workers.
E) declining demand for domestic workers.

Question 52

Mexico's immigration policy

A) is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the U.S. but opposes migration from its south.
B) is opposed to Mexicans migrating to the U.S. because they otherwise would contribute to the economy at home.
C) welcomes migrants from other countries.
D) is flexible for most countries of origin but does not generally allow immigration from the United States.
E) attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country.

Question 53

Judging from the chapter's discussions of the types of migration from various parts of the world to the United States, one might assume that the largest numbers of recent immigrants to the United States are

A) unauthorized immigrants.
B) political refugees.
C) relatives of U.S. residents.
D) talented professionals.
E) guest workers.

Question 54

Judge which of the following is the strongest example of a state government attempting to limit migration.

A) requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants
B) requiring police to ask for citizenship documents after they have arrested someone
C) requiring immigrants to pay higher college tuition
D) allowing politicians to make anti-immigrant statements to the news media
E) allowing thousands of people to march either to support or oppose reforms to immigration legislation

Question 55

According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were

A) permitted to become legal residents by participating in an application process.
B) automatically transformed into U.S. citizens in a blanket "amnesty."
C) encouraged to remain in Mexico because of shortages of workers.
D) no longer eligible for public services in the United States.
E) established as guest workers following the German model.

Question 56

All other factors being equal, what are the chances that a guest worker will head toward southern Italy rather than Germany or Belgium?

A) Very high (very likely).
B) Very low (not very likely).
C) About even (neither more or less likely).
D) There is no data that would help us make such a guess.
E) A guest worker would be almost guaranteed to seek work in southern Italy.

Question 57

Brain drain is

A) the large-scale emigration of talented people.
B) the process by which people are given reference for migration.
C) people forced to migrate for political reasons.
D) a cultural feature that hinders migration.
E) a net decline in literacy.

Question 58

Mexico provides the United States with its largest numbers of

A) voluntary immigrants and political refugees.
B) both legal and undocumented immigrants.
C) laborers.
D) refugees from natural disasters.
E) European and Asian migrants, excepting those who have entered from Guatemala.

Question 59

A young man in Vietnam wishes to migrate to another country to help support his family. Judging by current trends, he would most likely migrate to

A) China.
B) the United States.
C) Europe.
D) the Philippines.
E) Australia.

Question 60

From the discussions of migration in northern and southern Mexico, we can deduce that the destination for most undocumented immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala is

A) work in factories in northern Mexico.
B) work on fruit plantations.
C) Mexico City.
D) work in Pacific coast resorts.
E) the U.S. border.

Question 61

The main reason for unauthorized immigration to the United States is to escape political persecution.

Question 62

In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the United States.

Question 63

Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization.

Question 64

Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.

Question 65

In recent decades, the most important type of internal migration within the United States is from urban to suburban areas.

Question 66

In the early 1900s, from what part of Europe did ninety percent of the immigration to the United States come?

Question 67

The difference between the number of people migrating to a place and the number leaving is called net migration.

Question 68

A family has migrated from the south side of Chicago to a town beyond the suburban ring because they like the schools and housing prices there. This is an example of counterurbanization.

Question 69

The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water.

Question 70

If an acclaimed and talented professional artist leaves her host country and becomes rich and famous in another country, and then she almost never returns home except for brief visits, she could be judged as part of her home country's brain drain.

Question 71

Refugees have engaged in forced migration.

Question 72

The three major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental.

Question 73

During the 1980s, which country provided the largest number of authorized immigrants to the United States?

Question 74

Name one of the two countries which sent 75 percent of all immigrants to the United States during the 1840s.

Question 75

An analysis of maps indicates that historically, the center of population in the United States has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south.

Question 76

Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience out-migration.

Question 77

Given the patterns of relocation diffusion and monetary exchanges possible today, we can deduce that flows of people can move in and out of the United States more easily than flows of money can.

Question 78

Forced migration can be caused by "cultural" factors such as ethnic cleansing, warfare, or persecution.

Question 79

Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors.

Question 80

A democratic government that nevertheless persecutes and imprisons minorities is a clear example of a pull factor.