Deck 33: How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

Question 1

The specialized tissue of the uterus where implantation occurs is the:

A) cervix.
B) vagina.
C) endometrium.
D) uterine tube.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The vas deferens ducts empty sperm into the:

A) seminal vesicles.
B) epididymis.
C) uterus.
D) urethra.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The stages of follicle development are:

A) tertiary follicle, secondary follicle, primary follicle, corpus luteum.
B) ovarian follicle, mature follicle, oocyte.
C) corpus luteum, tertiary follicle, secondary follicle, primary follicle.
D) primary follicle, secondary follicle, tertiary follicle, corpus luteum.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What changes occur in the endometrium as the time of possible fertilization approaches?

A) Menstruation occurs.
B) The endometrium enters the proliferative phase.
C) The endometrium enters the secretory phase.
D) The endometrium secretes estrogen.

Question 5

Development of sperm occurs from the:

A) inside of the seminiferous tubule toward the outside.
B) outside of the epididymis toward the inside.
C) outside of the seminiferous tubule toward the inside.
D) middle of the penis toward the prostate gland.

Question 6

Sperm are made in the:

A) testes.
B) epididymis.
C) ovary.
D) vas deferens.

Question 7

Spermatids are produced by:

A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) sertiary spermatocytes.

Question 8

Which of these is not a supporting gland in males?

A) prostate gland
B) seminal vesicle
C) epididymis
D) bulbourethral gland

Question 9

Fraternal twins develop when:

A) one egg is fertilized by two sperm.
B) two eggs are fertilized by one sperm.
C) multiple ovulations occur, and two eggs are fertilized.
D) one egg is fertilized by one sperm, but the resulting cells separate from one another and continue development.

Question 10

Through what structure does an oocyte travel on its way to the uterus?

A) uterine tube
B) cervix
C) vagina
D) ovary

Question 11

If a chemical were to destroy all oocytes:

A) sperm would not form.
B) sperm would form but have no chromosomes.
C) eggs would not form.
D) eggs would form but have no chromosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a structure in which sperm mature and are stored?

A) vas deferens
B) testis
C) accessory glands
D) epididymis

Question 13

On average, about how often does ovulation occur?

A) every 6 months
B) every 28 days
C) every 14 days
D) every day

Question 14

Sperm development begins in the:

A) prostate gland.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) vas deferens.

Question 15

Why does a female have millions of ovarian follicles as a fetus but has perhaps just over a thousand in her early fifties?

A) Several hundred follicles ovulate per monthly cycle and deplete the follicle supply at a steady rate.
B) Several thousand follicles ovulate per monthly cycle and deplete the follicle supply at a steady rate.
C) Natural degeneration of follicles speeds up in later years.
D) Production of new follicles from stem cells slows in her fifties.

Question 16

Which structure would be best described as helping to prepare the female tract for pregnancy and maintain it during the early phases of pregnancy?

A) vagina
B) uterine tube
C) oocyte
D) corpus luteum

Question 17

Implantation occurs in the:

A) ovary.
B) vagina.
C) uterine tube.
D) uterus.

Question 18

Which statement concerning gamete production is correct?

A) Sperm cells can be produced only at certain points in the reproductive cycle.
B) The number of sperm a man can produce is essentially unlimited, whereas the number of eggs a woman can potentially produce is limited.
C) A man is born with all of the sperm he will need for the rest of his life.
D) Progestins stimulate development of new follicles.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered a gamete?

A) embryo
B) child
C) oocyte
D) zygote

Question 20

From which structure does the corpus luteum develop?

A) oocyte
B) tertiary follicle
C) primary follicle
D) secondary follicle

Question 21

Three weeks after conception, which of the following has happened in an embryo?

A) organ formation
B) neural tube formation
C) limb bud formation
D) primitive eye formation

Question 22

A fertility doctor is trying to determine why a couple is infertile. It has been determined that the woman is fertile, so the problem may be with the man. In analyzing his semen, the doctor notices adequate sperm production, but the sperm are largely inactive. He concludes that the semen may be lacking in proper nutrients for the sperm. Which structure would be the most likely candidate for the source of the problem?

A) urethra
B) seminiferous tubules
C) vas deferens
D) seminal vesicles

Question 23

In the human birth process, what does labor refer to?

A) the period between birth and expulsion of the placenta
B) the period between the first contraction and dilation of the cervix
C) the last part of the process when the fetus is expelled from the vagina
D) regular contractions of uterine muscles

Question 24

Sperm development takes about:

A) 1 month.
B) 28 days.
C) 6 months.
D) 2.5 months.

Question 25

Which of these becomes the baby?

A) outer cell mass
B) trophoblast
C) inner cell mass
D) placenta

Question 26

What prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing one egg?

A) release of granules that harden the membrane outside of the oocyte
B) atresia
C) phagocytosis by accessory cells once one sperm contacts the membrane
D) egg immediately divides and becomes impervious to sperm

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning sperm and fertilization is correct?

A) The first sperm that approaches the egg is the one to fertilize the egg.
B) Many sperm release their enzymes before one can get through.
C) The first capacitated sperm fertilizes the egg.
D) Several sperm must contribute their DNA to the egg for fertilization to occur.

Question 28

Immature versions of all the major organ systems have formed by about what point in pregnancy?

A) 16 days
B) 3 weeks
C) 12 weeks
D) not until at least 30 weeks

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the period during which the developing offspring is considered a fetus?

A) from fertilization to three weeks
B) from fertilization to eight weeks
C) the first trimester only
D) the third trimester only
E) from nine weeks until birth

Question 30

The portion of a sperm that carries enzymes needed for fertilization is the:

A) tail.
B) nucleus.
C) acrosome.
D) mitochondrion.

Question 31

How many sperm participate in the formation of fraternal twins?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 32

An ectopic pregnancy is:

A) implantation of the embryo in the uterus.
B) another name for fraternal twins.
C) another name for identical twins.
D) attachment of an embryo outside the uterus.

Question 33

Why is it useful for accessory glands to produce alkaline substances to accompany sperm?

A) Alkaline substances neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina.
B) Alkaline substances produce a pH optimum for nutrient absorption.
C) Alkaline substances are mainly fats used for energy.
D) Alkaline substances function as enzymes needed for swimming.

Question 34

What is the "afterbirth" associated with the birth process?

A) the amniotic fluid
B) the blood lost from the uterus in the weeks after birth
C) the placenta
D) the process of cutting the umbilical cord

Question 35

Which hormone stimulates the muscular contractions associated with birth of a child?

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) oxytocin

Question 36

The sequence of development of sperm is:

A) primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, tertiary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm.
B) primary spermatocyte, spermatogonia, sperm.
C) immature sperm, mature sperm, secondary sperm, spermatocyte.
D) spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm.

Question 37

Why is production of lung surfactant important for a baby?

A) Without lung surfactant, the baby's lungs do not develop properly.
B) Lung surfactant may block the placenta from exchanging oxygen.
C) Lung surfactant keeps the lung sacs from collapsing.
D) Lung surfactant keeps the lungs from sticking to the diaphragm.

Question 38

When does the fetus achieve about 15 percent of its birth weight and start kicking?

A) at the end of embryonic phase
B) at the start of organogenesis
C) in the first trimester
D) in the second trimester
E) in the third trimester

Question 39

When a spermatogonium divides, it produces one primary spermatocyte and:

A) two secondary spermatocytes.
B) one spermatogonium.
C) one spermatid.
D) one nurse cell.

Question 40

A man has been experiencing reduced urine flow problems. After examination by his doctor, the diagnosis is an enlarged prostate gland. What is the connection between prostate enlargement and reduced urine flow?

A) The prostate is located where the ureters enter the bladder.
B) The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube that transmits sperm and urine.
C) An enlarged prostate is a sign of cancer that affects the kidneys.
D) An enlarged prostate is a sign of cancer that affects the bladder.

Question 41

Ovulation refers to growth of the primary follicle.

Question 42

Fallopian tube is another name for the uterine tube.

Question 43

Semen is the mixture of sperm and secretions from male reproductive glands.

Question 44

Normally, anywhere from one to four sperm fertilize the egg.

Question 45

An egg is not a gamete.

Question 46

Sperm are fully mature when they reach the epididymis.

Question 47

Sperm develop in the seminal vesicles.

Question 48

How much does the cervix ultimately dilate during labor?

A) 10 centimeters
B) 5 centimeters
C) 3 centimeters
D) 1 centimeter

Question 49

Sperm development requires temperatures somewhat cooler than found in the rest of the body.

Question 50

As sperm are made, they travel through the vas deferens and are stored in the seminal vesicles until ejaculation.

Question 51

An ovarian follicle is a developing oocyte and the follicular cells surrounding it.

Question 52

In humans, females contribute more resources to reproduction and development than males.

Question 53

Women produce oocytes from stem cells from puberty all throughout life.

Question 54

Corpus luteum translates as "yellow body."

Question 55

A woman begins puberty with about 400,000 follicles.

Question 56

An egg implants in the uterus and awaits sperm for fertilization.

Question 57

Menstruation refers to the later life cessation of the monthly ovarian cycle.

Question 58

There is an epididymis adjacent to each testis.

Question 59

Ejaculation initially deposits the sperm in the uterus.

Question 60

The male stem cells in sperm production are the spermatogonia.

Question 61

Human embryos do not go through a morula stage of development as do most other animals.

Question 62

Which is the only trimester to include both the embryo and fetal stages?

Question 63

Enzymes are carried in the ________ of a sperm.

Question 64

What is the long tube through which mature sperm are transported to the urethra during ejaculation?

Question 65

Implantation occurs in the ________ of the uterus.

Question 66

The normal position of the fetus at the start of labor is "upside down."

Question 67

Propose reasons to explain why the female reproductive system evolved a menstrual cycle, but the male system does not adhere to any kind of true cycle.

Question 68

Human pregnancy lasts an average of about 38 weeks.

Question 69

Given the loss of childbearing ability and negative health effects associated with menopause, there is cause to question why it exists given that evolution usually selects against most negative health effects and reduced fertility. Appraise and compare the two possible explanations covered in this section.

Question 70

It generally takes the enzymes from dozens of sperm for one sperm to gain access to the oocyte membrane.

Question 71

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.
Which item, A, B, C, D, or E, is a secondary spermatocyte?

Question 72

The developing organism is referred to as a fetus during its first eight weeks.

Question 73

The release of an oocyte from an ovary is called ________.

Question 74

Evaluate this statement: By the end of the first trimester, most growth in a fetus is in size, not complexity.

Question 75

Sperm cells do not need a nucleus and expel it during development as a weight-saving tactic.

Question 76

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.
Which item, A, B, C, D, or E, represents the structure that maintains the female reproductive tract during the early part of pregnancy?

Question 77

Primary and secondary ________ develop into spermatids.