Deck 22: Fungi : the Diversity of Life 2

Question 1

Where are the food materials digested by fungi located?

A) within their cells
B) within food vacuoles
C) externally
D) within their mitochondria

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the best explanation of why we have identified only a small fraction of fungi species?

A) Most fungi species are unicellular and microscopic.
B) Fungi species lack chlorophyll and are transparent.
C) Fungi species have extremely short life spans and are seldom found alive.
D) Most fungi species grow underground and in inaccessible places.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A more or less circular ring of mushrooms appears in your yard, apparently overnight. The circle is several yards in diameter. The most likely explanation for this circle of mushrooms is that:

A) the mushrooms are all part of the same organism, with mycelia radiating out from the location of a germinated spore.
B) a circle is nature's most perfect shape for asexual reproduction structures.
C) one mushroom in the circle reproduced sexually to make all the other mushrooms in the circle.
D) the fungus produces a toxin in the center to prevent too many mushrooms from being produced.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Yeast are an example of:

A) photosynthetic fungi.
B) unicellular fungi.
C) fungi-like bacteria.
D) fungi with no cell walls.

Question 5

The cell walls of fungi contain:

A) chitin.
B) cellulose.
C) phospholipids.
D) DNA.

Question 6

Which statement about fungi and plant disease is most accurate?

A) Far more plant diseases are caused by fungi than bacteria.
B) About equal numbers of plant diseases are caused by fungi and bacteria.
C) Viruses cause more plant diseases than fungi.
D) Fungi rarely cause diseases.

Question 7

Fungi that reproduce by "budding" are:

A) prokaryotic.
B) yeasts.
C) autotrophic.
D) made of hyphae to form a reproductive mycelium.

Question 8

All fungi are:

A) unicellular.
B) multicellular.
C) autotrophic.
D) heterotrophic.

Question 9

Conspicuous shelf-like or saddle-like structures on the surface of a tree that indicate a fungus is growing within the tree are for:

A) showy display to attract a mate.
B) defense from predators.
C) reproduction and spore dispersal.
D) pollination.

Question 10

A branching web of hyphae is a:

A) spore.
B) mycelium.
C) root.
D) leaf.

Question 11

A major reason why fungi can grow and sprout mushrooms so quickly is that:

A) mushrooms are essentially fluid-filled bags and almost entirely water.
B) porous connections between cells allow rapid movement of materials toward the growing tips of hyphae.
C) fungi cells divide more like bacteria than eukaryotic cells.
D) fungal spores contain large food reserves.

Question 12

Fungi are more closely related to:

A) plants.
B) photosynthetic protists.
C) animals.
D) archaea.

Question 13

Bacteria and fungi are important decomposers. However, which decomposition function is almost entirely the work of fungi?

A) decomposition of bacterial mass
B) digestion of metallic materials in landfills
C) large-animal decomposition
D) final breakdown of woody material

Question 14

Fungi obtain food by:

A) engulfing food through phagocytosis and then digesting it within fungal cells.
B) producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria.
C) photosynthesis.
D) absorbing predigested material.

Question 15

When club fungi reproduce sexually, which of the following occurs?

A) Two spores merge into a seed that produces hyphae.
B) Two mushroom caps from different fungi exchange genes.
C) Sperm and egg cells fuse.
D) Nuclei from two different fungi fuse.

Question 16

For fungi that produce mushrooms, the majority of the organism is located:

A) above ground.
B) in fruiting bodies.
C) in spores.
D) underground.

Question 17

Which of the following is a fungal skin disease?

A) dry rot
B) ringworm
C) Dutch elm disease
D) skin rust

Question 18

A feature unique to some fungi is:

A) a lack of chlorophyll.
B) cells with three haploid nuclei.
C) dikaryotic cells.
D) diploid cells.

Question 19

A fungus is examined microscopically and found to have a "lollypop-shaped" sporangium. This fungus must belong to:

A) chytrids.
B) basidiomycetes.
C) zygomycetes.
D) ascomycetes.

Question 20

An important role of fungi in human society is that fungi are the source of:

A) the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen.
B) immune-system-suppressing drugs important for organ transplants.
C) nutrition for farm animals.
D) bio-fuels.

Question 21

Most fungi are ________, or fixed in one spot.

Question 22

Although some fungi are multicellular, most are unicellular.

Question 23

Mycorrhizae are a:

A) parasitic association between algae and fungi.
B) parasitic association between animals and fungi.
C) mutualistic association between plant roots and a fungus.
D) mutualistic association between algae and plant roots.

Question 24

Fungi obtain food exclusively by decomposing dead organisms.

Question 25

Yeasts are all members of the chytrids.

Question 26

In which group are smuts and rusts found?

A) basidiomycetes
B) ascomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) chytrids

Question 27

As part of your independent study of pond water samples, you notice one of the flagellated organisms latch on to a pollen grain and eventually release spores. You initially thought you were looking at a group exclusively made of protists, but upon further observation, you realize the organism you have been observing is classified with the fungi. In which group would you place this organism?

A) basidiomycetes
B) ascomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) chytrids

Question 28

Some antibiotics are important products of fungi.

Question 29

Dikaryotic cells of a fungus contain diploid nuclei.

Question 30

Spores are reproductive cells of a fungus.

Question 31

Some fungi are photosynthetic.

Question 32

An organism that obtains its nutrition from dead organic matter is a:

A) parasite.
B) saprophyte.
C) neophyte.
D) phytoplankton.

Question 33

Nearly all fungi reproduce using mushrooms as their reproductive structure.

Question 34

Most of the "body" of a fungus consists of slender, tube-like filaments called ________.

Question 35

The cell walls of fungi contain chitin.

Question 36

The fungal group with the largest number of known species is:

A) zygomycetes.
B) ascomycetes.
C) basidiomycetes.
D) chytrids.

Question 37

A mycelium is characteristic of yeasts.

Question 38

The two most closely related groups of fungi are the:

A) zygomycetes and chytrids.
B) basidiomycetes and ascomycetes.
C) basidiomycetes and zygomycetes.
D) ascomycetes and zygomycetes.

Question 39

Ecologically speaking, most soil fungi are to plant roots as:

A) viruses are to animals.
B) smut fungi are to corn.
C) mosquitoes are to mammals.
D) intestinal bacteria are to humans.

Question 40

Lichens are:

A) a mutualistic association of algae or photosynthetic bacteria and fungi.
B) algae-like fungi.
C) fungi that grow on the roots of plants.
D) fungi adapted for life in rocky soil.

Question 41

You are a biologist traveling with a group of explorers who encounter an ancient tomb. You find an amazingly well-preserved mummy and notice a little fungus growing on some bandages. When you examine your samples of the fungus back at the lab, you notice the fungus has small sac-like, spore-releasing structures. Based on the information you have so far, you will start the process of classifying this organism by placing it in this category of fungus: ________.

Question 42

The cells released from reproductive structures such as mushrooms that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell are called ________.

Question 43

The spore-releasing structure found in the zygomycetes is called a ________.

Question 44

Discuss the ways in which fungi are both helpful and harmful to human society.

Question 45

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to:

A) a spore.
B) the fruiting body.
C) hyphae.
D) mycelium.

Question 46

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to:

A) a spore.
B) the fruiting body.
C) hyphae.
D) mycelium.

Question 47

Appraise and evaluate the following statement, and cite evidence from the chapter as appropriate: Despite having a closer "outward" appearance to plants in some ways, evidence support fungi as being far more closely related to animals than plants.

Question 48

Each nucleus is haploid in dikaryotic cells in certain fungi. What does this mean regarding the chromosomes in each nucleus?

Question 49

Fungi and plants have a long-term relationship in the history of life on Earth. Appraise the evidence in support of this concept.