Deck 15: Endocrine System and Cancer Treatments

Question 1

The four glands that lie beside the thyroid gland and are responsible for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body are called the:

A) adrenals.
B) parathyroids.
C) pineals.
D) pituitaries.

Answer 1

parathyroids.

Question 2

A swelling in the front part of the neck that results from enlargement of the thyroid gland is called:

A) euthyroid.
B) goiter.
C) hyperglycemia.
D) melatonin.

Answer 2

goiter.

Question 3

Glands that open onto a body surface and discharge their secretions through ducts are collectively called _____ glands.

A) endocrine
B) exocrine
C) hypophysis
D) sweat

Answer 3

exocrine

Question 4

Normal thyroid function is described as:

A) euthyroid.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) hypothyroidism.
D) inactive thyroid.

Question 5

A hormone that is made by the adrenal glands and is important in the regulation of body metabolism is:

A) cortisone.
B) growth hormone.
C) insulin.
D) thyroxine.

Question 6

A condition caused by congenital deficiency of thyroid secretion that is marked by arrested mental and physical development is:

A) cretinism.
B) dwarfism.
C) gigantism.
D) myxedema.

Question 7

Surgical removal of a tumor, its origin, and all surrounding tissue is called:

A) exenteration.
B) resection.
C) excision.
D) lumpectomy.

Question 8

The gland that is called the master gland is the:

A) adrenal.
B) pancreas.
C) pituitary.
D) thyroid.

Question 9

The term for a substance that produces or stimulates the development of male characteristics is:

A) adrenaline.
B) androgen.
C) estrogen.
D) thyroxine.

Question 10

A disorder associated with a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone is:

A) diabetes insipidus.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) type 1 diabetes mellitus.
D) type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Question 11

Which of the following is the gland that lies above the kidney?

A) Adrenal
B) Pancreas
C) Pineal body
D) Thyroid

Question 12

Which cancer treatment is not considered a biological therapy?

A) Bone marrow transplant
B) Chemotherapy
C) Resection
D) Immunotherapy

Question 13

Excessive secretion of insulin is called:

A) cretinism.
B) hyperinsulinism.
C) hypoinsulinism.
D) myxedema.

Question 14

An important therapeutic intervention for type 1 diabetes mellitus is administration of:

A) calcium.
B) insulin.
C) sugar.
D) thyroxine.

Question 15

Increased blood sugar is:

A) glycosuria.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) polydipsia.
D) polyuria.

Question 16

A disorder that results from inadequate production or use of insulin is:

A) diabetes mellitus.
B) hypoparathyroidism.
C) hypothyroidism.
D) thyrotoxicosis.

Question 17

Increased thirst is called:

A) glycosuria.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) polydipsia.
D) polyuria.

Question 18

Removal of the breast is called:

A) lumpectomy.
B) mastectomy.
C) thoracotomy.
D) nephrectomy.

Question 19

Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults and results in abnormal enlargement of the extremities, including the nose, jaw, fingers, and toes?

A) Acromegaly
B) Adrenalitis
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Myxedema

Question 20

Which of the following glands secretes insulin?

A) Adrenal
B) Pancreas
C) Pituitary
D) Thyroid

Question 21

The clusters of cells within the pancreas that perform an endocrine function are the:

A) hypophyseal bodies.
B) islets of Langerhans.
C) pineal bodies.
D) thyroxine cells.

Question 22

Protrusion of the eyeballs is frequently associated with:

A) cretinism.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) hyperinsulinism.
D) hyperthyroidism.

Question 23

An important female sex hormone that is made by the ovaries and acts on the female genitalia is:

A) adrenaline.
B) androgen.
C) epinephrine.
D) estrogen.

Question 24

Tumors destroyed by radiation are considered:

A) radiosurgical.
B) radioresistant.
C) radiosensitive.
D) radiostatic.

Question 25

A disease caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood is:

A) cretinism.
B) diabetes insipidus.
C) dwarfism.
D) hypoparathyroidism.

Question 26

An abnormal condition characterized by marked protrusion of the eyeball is:

A) astigmatism.
B) exophthalmos.
C) hyperopia.
D) myopia.

Question 27

In the term polyuria, the suffix -uria means :

A) frequent.
B) growth.
C) many.
D) urination.

Question 28

A 35-year-old man with cancer needs radioactive material implanted into the tumor he currently has. This treatment is known as:

A) immunotherapy.
B) fractionation.
C) stereotactic radiosurgery.
D) brachytherapy.

Question 29

Surgical excision of a cancerous tumor is:

A) lumpectomy.
B) resection.
C) mastectomy.
D) adenectomy.

Question 30

A term for sugar in the urine is:

A) glycosuria.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) polydipsia.
D) polyuria.

Question 31

Tumor of a gland is referred to as:

A) acromegaly.
B) adenectomy.
C) adenoma.
D) adrenal.

Question 32

A compatible donor must be found for which of the following procedures?

A) Immunotherapy
B) Stem cell transplantation
C) Chemotherapy
D) Hormone therapy

Question 33

The hypophysis is also called the:

A) adrenal gland.
B) pancreas.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 34

Gonads are the __________ and ____________.

A) adrenal glands; thyroid gland
B) pineal gland; testes
C) parathyroid glands; pituitary gland
D) ovaries; testes

Question 35

A term for abnormally low blood sugar is:

A) hypoglycemia.
B) hypoparathyroidism.
C) hypophysis.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 36

A term for a morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion is:

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hyperparathyroidism.
C) thyrotoxicosis.
D) thyroxine.

Question 37

A term for decreased activity of the parathyroid glands is:

A) hypoglycemia.
B) hypoparathyroidism.
C) hypophysis.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 38

A general term that means decreased release of a chemical substance by a gland is:

A) hyperglycemia.
B) hypersecretion.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hyposecretion.

Question 39

Which of the following is a condition that results from hypofunction of the thyroid gland and is characterized by a dry, waxy swelling of the skin?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Myxedema

Question 40

The term for the organ or structure toward which the effects of a hormone are directed is:

A) hormone.
B) neuron.
C) pineal body.
D) target organ.

Question 41

A 56-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes takes oral medication to manage her blood sugar. The medicine is referred to as a(n):

A) antidiuretic hormone.
B) glucose-lowering agent.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) insulin.

Question 42

Decreased thyroid activity is referred to as:

A) euthyroid.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) hypoparathyroidism.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 43

Which of the following is a general term that means diminished release of a chemical substance by a gland?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypersecretion
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Hyposecretion

Question 44

In the term hypophysis, the suffix -physis means :

A) above.
B) below.
C) growth.
D) secretion.

Question 45

The pineal gland is:

A) a cluster of cells in the pancreas.
B) a cluster of cells in the thyroid.
C) attached by a stalk to the pituitary gland.
D) attached to the posterior part of the brain.

Question 46

A patient underwent a hypophysectomy to remove a tumor that was causing:

A) hypoparathyroidism.
B) hypophysis.
C) hypopituitarism.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 47

A condition in which an abnormal stature is caused by increased secretion of growth hormone during childhood is:

A) acromegaly.
B) exophthalmos.
C) gigantism.
D) myxedema.

Question 48

A 24-year-old man has a disorder associated with a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. This disorder is:

A) diabetes insipidus.
B) diabetes mellitus.
C) hypopituitarism.
D) hyposecretion.

Question 49

In the term gonadotropin, the suffix -tropin means :

A) growth.
B) stimulate.
C) that which stimulates.
D) urination.

Question 50

A 62-year-old man needs to have the gland above his kidney removed. This surgery is called a(n):

A) adenectomy.
B) adrenalectomy.
C) parathyroidectomy.
D) thyroidectomy.

Question 51

In the term gonadotropic, the suffix -tropic means :

A) origin.
B) ovaries or testes.
C) secrete.
D) stimulate.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true concerning the parathyroid glands?

A) They are attached by a stalk at the base of the brain.
B) They are attached to the anterior part of the brain.
C) They are located near the thyroid.
D) They are the same as the thyroid gland.

Question 53

Adrenals, testicles, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas, and thyroid are all examples of _____ glands.

A) endocrine
B) exocrine
C) mesocrine
D) reproductive

Question 54

Gigantism results as excessive amounts of which hormone are secreted by the pituitary gland?

A) Adrenaline
B) Androgen
C) Growth hormone
D) Thyroxine

Question 55

A 31-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a portable battery-operated instrument that delivers a measured amount of insulin through the abdominal wall and delivers doses of insulin according to the body's needs. This instrument is called:

A) a hypoglycemia pump.
B) a hyperglycemia pump.
C) an insulin pump.
D) islets of Langerhans.

Question 56

A patient exhibits exophthalmos and tests indicate an increased activity of the gland located in the neck. Which of the following medicines may be an effective intervention?

A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroid drugs
C) Cortisone
D) Thyroxine

Question 57

A patient has a problem with frequent urination. Which type of hormone can be administered to suppress the formation of urine?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Antithyroid hormone
C) Cortisone
D) Thyroxine

Question 58

A general term for surgical excision of a gland is:

A) adenectomy.
B) pancreatectomy.
C) parathyroidectomy.
D) thyroidectomy.

Question 59

In the term myxedema, the prefix myx or myxo means :

A) increased.
B) male or masculine.
C) mucus.
D) secrete.

Question 60

Which hormone is associated with the endocrine gland located in the neck?

A) Adrenaline
B) Androgen
C) Cortisone
D) Thyroxine

Question 61

A symptom that can be indicative of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus is:

A) hyperdipsia.
B) hyperuria.
C) polydipsia.
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 62

Which of the following terms indicates an increased production of a hormone by the pancreas?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Hypoglycemia
C) Hyperinsulinism
D) Hypoinsulinism

Question 63

The excision of a significant part of an organ plus surrounding tissue and lymph notes is considered ____________.

Question 64

The __________ gland is shaped like a pinecone and attached to the brain.

Question 65

Excision of the adrenal gland is a(n) __________.

Question 66

A patient with type 1 diabetes inadvertently administered too much insulin. Which of the following is the biggest concern for this patient?

A) Glycosuria
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Hypoinsulinism

Question 67

Results of a urinalysis indicate glycosuria. What was found in the urine?

A) Blood
B) Hormone
C) Protein
D) Sugar

Question 68

Gamma knife surgery is considered:

A) brachytherapy.
B) fractionation.
C) stereotactic radiosurgery.
D) radical excision.

Question 69

A(n) _____________ is the removal of the thyroid gland.

Question 70

When ____________ is used, radiation is administered in smaller doses over time to minimize tissue damage.

Question 71

____________ are ductless and secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 72

Excessive secretion of growth hormone leads to which two conditions?

A) Acromegaly and gigantism
B) Acromegaly and cretinism
C) Dwarfism and gigantism
D) Myxedema and cretinism

Question 73

The abbreviation for a linear accelerator, a machine that uses accelerated subatomic particles to delivery supervoltage x-rays for radiotherapy, is __________.

Question 74

A 36-year-old woman is diagnosed as having an abnormal endocrine condition characterized by hyperactivity of any of the four small glands located in the neck. This disease is termed:

A) hyperparathyroidism.
B) hyperthyroidism.
C) hypoparathyroidism.
D) hypothyroidism.

Question 75

Cell metabolism is affected by:

A) antidiuretic hormone.
B) insulin.
C) growth hormone.
D) thyroxine.

Question 76

A target tissue interacts with a hormone at a(n) _________ site.

A) secretor
B) receptor
C) protractor
D) effector

Question 77

Which hormone increases blood pressure and cardiac output to produce the "fight or flight" response?

A) Adrenaline
B) Androgen
C) Cortisone
D) Thyroxine

Question 78

Excision of the pituitary is called a(n) _______________.

Question 79

A(n) ____________ is the surgical removal of a gland.

Question 80

In a ___________ mastectomy, only breast tissue is removed.