Deck 9: Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Question 1

In the AAIDD classification system, limited supports are characterized by consistency; time required may be limited but not intermittent.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A term that best describes how effectively a person with intellectual disabilities is able to manage his or her own behavior is

A) learned helplessness.
B) generalization.
C) information processing theories.
D) self-regulation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

People with intellectual disabilities have lower percent higher rate of psychiatric disorders than the general population.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following IQ scores is considered within the range of intellectual disabilities?

A) 120
B) 100
C) 80
D) 60

Question 5

Down syndrome is a condition that is most often included under which of the following classification systems?

A) Medical descriptors
B) Severity of the Condition
C) Adaptive Skills
D) Classification based on needed support

Question 6

People with intellectual disabilities appear to develop efficient learning strategies, such as the ability to rehearse a task.

Question 7

An individual who scores more than two standard deviations below average meets AAIDD's definition of having intellectual disabilities.

Question 8

Self-help skills include:

A) eye contact, asking questions, and maintaining attention during conversation.
B) crawling, reaching, and manipulating objects.
C) eating, dressing, and maintaining personal hygiene.
D) literacy, numeracy, and maintaining cognitive function.

Question 9

A trauma during the birth process that may result in anoxia is

A) Anencephaly.
B) RH incompatibility.
C) fetal position during birth.
D) Encephalitis.

Question 10

Supports that are provided on an as-needed basis are

A) intermittent.
B) limited.
C) intensive.
D) pervasive.

Question 11

Mario needs continual daily support in at least some environments, including work and home. To be effective these supports must not be time-limited. AAIDD would classify Mario's needed supports as

A) intermittent.
B) limited.
C) extensive.
D) pervasive.

Question 12

The ability to use conceptual, social, and practical skills to function in everyday life is described as

A) communication behavior.
B) adaptive behavior.
C) self-advocacy behavior.
D) intellectual behavior.

Question 13

Memory deficits in individuals with intellectual disabilities may be attributed to difficulty in

A) focusing on relevant stimuli in learning situations.
B) focusing on relevant stimuli in real-life situations.
C) attending to the right things.
D) focusing on relevant stimuli in learning situations, focusing on relevant stimuli in real-life situations, and attending to the right things.

Question 14

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) a component of the definition of intellectual disability is

A) reading achievement.
B) emotional stability.
C) adaptive skills.
D) brain development.

Question 15

Within an individual, limitations often strengths.

A) cancel out
B) coexist with
C) outweigh
D) outnumber

Question 16

In recent years, the focus on educational placement for students with intellectual disabilities has been on

A) special school settings.
B) general education settings.
C) home and hospital programs.
D) residential living and instructional settings.

Question 17

As suggested by Kaiser in your text, the overriding goal of language intervention for persons with intellectual disabilities is to

A) decrease inappropriate language use.
B) remediate a language delay.
C) increase functional communication.
D) improve articulation skills.

Question 18

Employment training for persons with intellectual disabilities is shifting to

A) community based employment.
B) sheltered work experiences to get the student ready for work.
C) simulated work experiences in classroom settings.
D) career development focusing on how to choose an occupation.

Question 19

Ian has been using Velcro attached to his name tag to identify his desk. Without prompting he has begun placing his name tag on his other belongings. Ian is is demonstrating:

A) information processing theories.
B) self-regulation.
C) learned helplessness.
D) generalization.

Question 20

Lack of vaccinations for childhood diseases such as whooping cough, chicken pox, measles, and Hib disease may lead to brain damage caused by

A) Microcephaly.
B) Anencephaly.
C) Encephalitis.
D) Hydrocephaly.

Question 21

In the AAIDD definition, intellectual disability manifests itself before age

A) 21.
B) 18.
C) 5.
D) 1.

Question 22

List criteria that professionals should apply as they put the definition of intellectual disabilities into practice:

Question 23

Adaptive behaviors may be measured by

A) standardized tests.
B) observations.
C) adaptive behavior scales.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

List the four approaches to classifying people with intellectual disabilities.

Question 25

Describe the major components of the current American Association on Intellectual Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of mental retardation.

Question 26

Language problems for individuals with intellectual disabilities are generally associated with bizarre use of language rather than delays in language development.

Question 27

Research has been able to determine the exact contribution of nature and nurture to intellectual growth.

Question 28

Describe two characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities.

Question 29

Employment training programs are moving more toward getting the individual ready for work through simulated work experiences in classroom settings.

Question 30

Identify three areas that should be addressed in programs for elementary-aged students with intellectual disabilities.

Question 31

What is the statistical average for an intelligence test?

A) 150
B) 100
C) 50
D) 25

Question 32

Describe intervention based on normal patterns of growth.

Question 33

Students who have intellectual disabilities rarely are described as lacking motivation or having self-direction.

Question 34

List the four areas of classification needed support for individuals to function in the natural settings of home and community.

Question 35

Infant stimulation programs often focus on the acquisition of sensorimotor functions.

Question 36

Discuss the use of technology by people with intellectual disabilities.

Question 37

Students with intellectual disabilities have made significant progress in reading ability in programs that emphasize direct instruction.

Question 38

involve(s) the limited ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.

A) Mental retardation
B) Emotional disorders
C) Intellectual disabilities
D) Behavior disorders

Question 39

Discuss the causes of intellectual disabilities.

Question 40

Describe services and supports for youth with intellectual disabilities during the adolescent and transition years.

Question 41

Cultural-familial intellectual disabilities may be attributed to

A) a speculated lack of paternal love and support.
B) anoxia at birth.
C) sociocultural and genetic factors.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Down syndrome is caused by

A) substance abuse.
B) chromosomal abnormality.
C) metabolic error.
D) infection.

Question 43

Another name for congenital rubella is

A) mumps.
B) German measles.
C) chickenpox.
D) diphtheria.

Question 44

The ability to rehearse a task (to practice a new concept, either out load or to themselves, over and over) is related to a broad concept know as .

A) outer-directed behavior
B) self-regulation
C) learned helplessness
D) self-determination

Question 45

What is a condition in which an excess of cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull?

A) Microcephaly
B) Anencephaly
C) Hydrocephaly
D) Encephalitis

Question 46

The probability of a child's being born with Down syndrome increases with

A) alcohol or drug abuse.
B) poor maternal prenatal care.
C) the age of the parents.
D) low socioeconomic status.

Question 47

has declined as a major cause of intellectual disabilities due to the widespread administration of a vaccine.

A) Toxoplasmosis
B) Fetal alcohol syndrome
C) Rubella
D) HIV

Question 48

Intervention based on normal patterns of growth is referred to as the

A) cultural approach.
B) developmental milestones approach.
C) maturational approach.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 49

There are approximately students with intellectual disabilities between the ages of six and twenty-one in the public schools.

A) 1.5 million
B) 1 million
C) 414,000
D) 300,000

Question 50

The more an individual engages in valued activities, the more likely it is that a(n) exists between the person and the environment.

A) adaptive fit
B) inclusive relationship
C) antagonistic relationship
D) poor fit

Question 51

According to the authors, environmental contexts include

A) immediate social setting.
B) broader community.
C) society and culture.
D) immediate social setting, broader community, and society and culture.

Question 52

Genetic conditions caused by chromosomal abnormalities may result from

A) genes inherited from the parents.
B) errors when genes combine.
C) external factors, such as infections or overexposure to X-rays.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

syndrome is a rare genetic disease that occurs in about 1 in every 20,000 births and is characterized by an absence of genetic material on the seventh pair of chromosomes.

A) Williams
B) Down
C) Fragile X
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 54

The prevalence of intellectual disabilities worldwide and across all ages is estimated at what percentage?

A) 1 percent
B) 6 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 22 percent

Question 55

Which classification system discussed in the text is determined by a clinician's impression?

A) Severity of the condition
B) Educability expectation
C) Medical descriptors
D) Adaptive skill expectations

Question 56

Approximately one in every infants are born with Down syndrome in the United States.

A) 200
B) 1,000
C) 3,000
D) 700

Question 57

A teacher is using pictures of oranges to instruct students with intellectual disabilities about various fruits. A more effective teaching strategy for these students may be to

A) put several pictures of fruits on a single picture.
B) use real oranges.
C) teach about apples first because these students often have had more instruction on red objects.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 58

What is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the United States?

A) Fetal alcohol syndrome
B) Toxoplasmosis
C) Rubella
D) HIV

Question 59

The probability of damage to the fetus is highest when infection occurs during

A) the birth process.
B) conception.
C) the first three months of pregnancy.
D) the last three months of pregnancy.

Question 60

A disorder is a problem with the body's ability to process substances that can then become poisonous and damage the central nervous system.

A) single-gene
B) multifactorial
C) metastic
D) chromosomal

Question 61

The development of fine motor skills is initially dependent upon the child's .

A) ability to visually fix upon an object.
B) ability to visually track a moving target.
C) eye-hand coordination.
D) ability to visually fix upon an object, ability to visually track a moving target, and eye-hand coordination.

Question 62

Compare and discuss the possible known causes of intellectual disabilities.

Question 63

Examples of assistive technology include

A) computers.
B) wheelchairs.
C) electronic devices.
D) computers, wheelchairs, and electronic devices.

Question 64

Discuss the four recommended classification levels as proposed by AAIDD.

Question 65

List and discuss three educational goals for adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

Question 66

Describe why inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities with their nondisabled peers is an important part of an appropriate educational program.

Question 67

In the area of communication skills, it is most important for the individual with intellectual disabilities to develop

A) verbal language skills before the age ten.
B) both verbal and manual communication skills.
C) some form of communication.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 68

If an individual scores at 95 to 100 or lower (two standard deviations below the norm), they meet the intelligence criteria for intellectual disability.

Question 69

Describe why it is critical for young children with intellectual disabilities to receive early intervention services.

Question 70

A comprehensive employment training program for students with intellectual disabilities would include

A) simulated work experiences that are provided in a school-based setting.
B) training that focuses on developing an occupation as opposed to preparing for specific jobs.
C) training that takes place in sheltered work environments.
D) employment training that occurs in community settings prior to graduation.

Question 71

Describe the prevalence of intellectual disabilities.