Deck 20: From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

Question 1

The utopian socialist Robert Owen put his beliefs into practice in his cotton factory in:

A) Middleville, Massachusetts.
B) Fourier, Provence.
C) Cardiff, Wales.
D) Birmingham, England.
E) New Lanark, Scotland.

Answer 1

New Lanark, Scotland.

Question 2

The revolutions in South America were aided in 1823 when the United States issued:

A) the Doctrine of Manifest Destiny.
B) the Jefferson/Jackson Doctrine.
C) the Monroe Doctrine.
D) the Treaty of La Plata.
E) the Madison Memorandum.

Answer 2

the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 3

The military officers who carried out the Decembrist Revolt in Russia upon the death of Alexander I wanted his brother,_________,rather than Nicholas as Tsar.

A) Alexei
B) Boris
C) Nicholas
D) Dmitri
E) Constantine.

Answer 3

Constantine.

Question 4

After 1815,Poland:

A) became an independent state.
B) became an independent kingdom under tsarist control.
C) was absorbed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) was once again partitioned.
E) became a province of Prussia.

Question 5

In The Condition of the Working Class in England,Friedrich Engels:

A) argued that the standard of living had increased for skilled workers.
B) gave an empirical report describing the misery of British factory workers.
C) described his observations of a textile factory in Essen, Germany.
D) offered a philosophical justification for dialectical materialism.
E) stated that the workers' revolution he had predicted earlier would never occur in England.

Question 6

In the years following the Napoleonic Wars,who fashioned himself as the "liberator" of Europe?

A) Prince Klemens von Metternich
B) Benjamin Disraeli
C) Tsar Alexander I
D) Louis Napoleon
E) Emperor Frederick William III

Question 7

Although many nations participated in the Congress of Vienna,the guiding hand was attached to:

A) Charles Maurice de Talleyrand.
B) Tsar Alexander I.
C) Emperor Frederick William III.
D) Alexander Ypsilantis.
E) Prince Klemens von Metternich.

Question 8

The principal idea that guided the Congress of Vienna was:

A) the principle of legitimacy.
B) the restoration of the French monarchy.
C) the creed of economic and political liberalism.
D) the utilitarianism of the Benthamites.
E) a balance of power.

Question 9

The "Concert of Europe":

A) excluded Russia, but included France with Prussia and Austria.
B) was a movement supporting Greek independence.
C) was created in the wake of the revolutions of 1848.
D) was another name for the alliance signed by Austria, Prussia, Britain, and Russia.
E) was an alliance between Austria, France, and Prussia.

Question 10

A modern ideology that was first articulated in the nineteenth century following the defeat of Napoleon was:

A) nationalism.
B) socialism.
C) conservatism.
D) liberalism.
E) all of these

Question 11

The writings of the seventeenth-century political philosopher,John Locke,formed the basis for English:

A) royalists.
B) conservatives.
C) liberals.
D) democrats.
E) republicans.

Question 12

The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was:

A) a direct response to the formation of the Third Section.
B) initiated by an elite corps of Russian army officers.
C) caused by the assassination of Nicholas I.
D) caused by a fuel shortage in Saint Petersburg after the death of Alexander I.
E) led by army officers obsessed with Jacobin republicanism.

Question 13

The founder of modern socialism was:

A) Karl Marx.
B) Friedrich Engels.
C) Theodore Herzl.
D) Friedrich List.
E) G. W. F. Hegel.

Question 14

The basis of nineteenth-century conservatism was a belief in political stability which the conservatives thought would be guaranteed by:

A) the monarchy.
B) the army.
C) the workers.
D) the peasantry.
E) the middle class.

Question 15

The Troppau Memorandum,which was signed by Russia,Prussia,and Austria,called upon the signatories to aid one another:

A) in times of economic depression.
B) in repelling a foreign invasion.
C) in waging an offensive war.
D) in suppressing revolution.
E) all of these

Question 16

One of the most influential British liberals and author of The Principles of Morals and Legislation was:

A) John Stuart Mill.
B) David Ricardo.
C) Jeremy Bentham.
D) Adam Smith.
E) James Mill.

Question 17

Some members of the Concert of Europe which allied themselves in the Holy Alliance were:

A) France, Prussia, and Austria.
B) Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain.
C) Russia, Austria, and France.
D) France, Great Britain, and Austria.
E) Austria, Russia, and Prussia.

Question 18

A distinction may be drawn between liberals and republicans on the issue of:

A) rates of taxation.
B) public welfare.
C) national healthcare.
D) expanding the franchise.
E) universal education

Question 19

The Greek war of independence:

A) pitted various Greek groups against the Ottoman Turks.
B) was both peaceful and bloodless.
C) led to the repeal of the London Protocols.
D) resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
E) resulted in the capture of Constantinople.

Question 20

Nineteenth-century liberals were least concerned with:

A) the relationship between the individual and the state.
B) the economic well-being of the middle classes.
C) the reform of the legal codes.
D) the plight of the agricultural laborers.
E) the well-being of the merchant class.

Question 21

During the nineteenth century,many European economists such as _________ sought to develop national economies and national infrastructures in keeping with the general rise of nationalism.

A) Franz Liszt
B) Friedrich Strassmann
C) Adam Smith
D) Thorstein Veblen
E) Friedrich List

Question 22

Victor Hugo wrote:

A) plays that extolled the virtues of middle-class respectability.
B) Faust and The Raft of the Medusa.
C) poems that dwelled on the "imaginative landscape of the mind."
D) novels sympathetic to the plight of the common person.
E) courtly romances.

Question 23

One of the best-known examples of Romantic fiction,Frankenstein,was written by:

A) Mary Keats.
B) Mary Wollstonecraft.
C) Mary Shelley.
D) Mary Bysshe.
E) Mary Byron.

Question 24

Beethoven and Goethe:

A) admired Napoleon as a revolutionary hero.
B) wanted their art to revolutionize the lowest orders of European society.
C) used their art to emulate the "French style."
D) illustrate the difficulty of assigning a single definition to Romanticism.
E) were the greatest composer and writer, respectively, of the Neoclassical Age.

Question 25

Johann von Herder,author of Ideas for a Philosophy of Human History,argued in opposition to the philosophers that civilization came not from an elite but from the culture of the common people and was expressed,for the Germans,as:

A) niebelungenlied.
B) mein kampf.
C) volksgeist.
D) endlos arbeit.
E) leiben lied.

Question 26

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced the Romantics greatly through his first popular novel:

A) The Sorrows of Young Werther.
B) Grimm Tales of Germany.
C) William Tell.
D) Faust.
E) Das Lied von der Erde.

Question 27

Romanticism was exhibited in the paintings of the British artist:

A) William Wordsworth.
B) J. M. W. Turner.
C) Inigo Jones.
D) Thomas Gainsborough.
E) Eugene Delacroix.

Question 28

One of the best-known images of the revolutions of 1830 is Liberty Leading the People by:

A) Francisco Guy.
B) Jacques-Louis David.
C) Eugene Delacroix.
D) Theodore Gericault.
E) J. M. W. Turner.

Question 29

In general,the Romantics would be likely to argue that:

A) reason was capable of revealing the world as it existed.
B) all poetic imagination must be subject to the laws of knowledge.
C) nature reveals nothing, the mind everything.
D) truth could be found in the art of the ancient world.
E) the philosophes had elevated reason above emotion and spontaneity.

Question 30

The Congress of Vienna joined the Netherlands and Belgium together as a buffer against France,but the Belgians never accepted this arrangement and they revolted following:

A) the Congress of Berlin.
B) Napoleon's escape from Elba.
C) passage of the July Ordinances.
D) the French Revolution of 1830.
E) the partition of Poland.

Question 31

An example of Italian nationalism can be found in the Rossini opera:

A) William Tell.
B) Tales of the Brothers Grimm.
C) Il Travatore.
D) Il Trittico.
E) Macbeth.

Question 32

Many European countries experienced an increase in nationalistic feelings following the Napoleonic Wars; this feeling in Poland was expressed in the national epic:

A) Lech Walechs.
B) Pan Tadeusz.
C) Karol Józef
D) Vlad Dracul.
E) Solidarnosc.

Question 33

A Romantic would probably argue that human nature is:

A) diverse, and therefore subject to no natural laws.
B) incapable of expression in art.
C) universal, and therefore subject to investigation.
D) necessarily evil.
E) basically good.

Question 34

According to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's What Is Property?,property:

A) should be held in common by all.
B) is owned by a state's monarch.
C) is a natural right.
D) should be controlled by the state.
E) is theft.

Question 35

The revolutions of 1830 and the subsequent reforms that were implemented were ultimately caused by:

A) the Six Acts passed by the British Parliament.
B) the Chartist movement in England.
C) the Congress of Vienna.
D) the publication of The Communist Manifesto.
E) the creation of the Second Republic.

Question 36

The July Ordinances of 1830 issued by Charles X dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies,imposed strict censorship on the press,and:

A) reduced the power of the nobility.
B) called for new elections.
C) restricted the Catholic Church.
D) repealed the Napoleonic legal code.
E) restricted suffrage.

Question 37

It is said by some historians that Karl Marx turned G.W.F.Hegel "on his head" because where Marx began with material forces,Hegel started with:

A) religion.
B) individuals.
C) ideas.
D) mathematics.
E) physics.

Question 38

Which of the following philosophers is often considered to be a precursor to the Romantic Movement?

A) Denis Diderot
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Voltaire
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
E) René Descartes

Question 39

Two well-known female French writers of the Romantic Age were Germaine de Staël and:

A) George Eliot.
B) Germaine Necker.
C) Elizabeth Vigrée-Lebrun.
D) George Sand.
E) Jane Austen.

Question 40

The fiercest critic of British industrial society was the poet:

A) William Blake.
B) Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
C) John Constable.
D) John Keats.
E) Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Question 41

The revolutions of 1848 were prompted by the publication of the Communist Manifesto.

Question 42

The expansion of an informed reading public helped make it impossible for conservatives to restore the old order.

Question 43

Talleyrand survived the French Revolution by fleeing to the United States.

Question 44

Liberalism required democracy.

Question 45

Karl Marx summarized the relationship between Napoleon Bonaparte and _________ by stating: "All facts and personages of great importance in world history occur twice . . . the first time as tragedy,the second as farce."

A) N. Lenin
B) Nicholas II of Russia
C) Otto von Bismarck
D) Louis Napoleon
E) Louis XVIII

Question 46

In early 1848,in response to unemployment and underemployment,the French government established public works projects in and around Paris under the name:

A) Works Progress Administration.
B) Paris Commune.
C) National Recovery Agency.
D) National Workshops.
E) Civilian Conservation Corps.

Question 47

The British Anti-Corn Law League sought the repeal of laws regulating what commodity?

A) barley
B) wheat
C) corn
D) soybeans
E) maize

Question 48

The French Revolution of 1848 resulted in:

A) a series of political dinners being held across the country.
B) toppling of the government of King Louis Philippe.
C) France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
D) the establishment of the Third Republic.
E) toppling of the government of Charles X.

Question 49

After the Congress of Vienna,a ruler was made legitimate by international treaties and support,not divine right.

Question 50

Tsar Nicholas sentenced five young members of the elite to be hanged and buried in secret graves in order to stop them from becoming martyrs to the Decembrists' cause.

Question 51

Europe reached a point of political crisis with:

A) the French Revolution of 1848.
B) the French Revolution of 1830.
C) the publication of the Communist Manifesto.
D) the Franco-Prussian War.
E) the Chartist movement in Britain.

Question 52

Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment and classicism.

Question 53

The Reform Bill of 1832:

A) created equal electoral districts.
B) passed because the governing class feared a union of the working and middle classes.
C) gave the vote to all males except those employed as agricultural workers.
D) did not cleanse Parliament of "rotten" or "pocket" boroughs.
E) extended the franchise to all adult males and most women.

Question 54

The widespread unemployment and pressure placed on public relief in Europe in the mid-nineteenth century resulted in what has been labeled:

A) the Disgruntled Fifties.
B) the Age of Anxiety.
C) the Year of the Famine.
D) the Decade of the Barricades.
E) the Hungry Forties.

Question 55

As a result of "Peterloo," Parliament passed the Six Acts,which included:

A) restrictions on the rights of public meeting.
B) provisions for an eight-hour workday.
C) universal manhood suffrage.
D) the repeal of the Stamp Act.
E) a repeal of the Corn Laws.

Question 56

The national languages of European countries were not always the languages of the majority of citizens.

Question 57

Between 1839 and 1848,the leading British voice(s)calling for democracy:

A) was the International Workingmen's Association.
B) were the socialists in a great many organizations.
C) was the landed aristocracy; they believed they could control the peasants' votes.
D) were the Chartists, who gathered 6 million signatures in support in 1848.
E) was the British Communist Party.

Question 58

The aims of Tsar Alexander's "Holy Alliance" were to establish justice,Christian charity,and peace.

Question 59

After the fall of Napoleon,France still remained the most powerful continental state due to his efforts to centralize power and his governmental reforms.

Question 60

The Second Empire in France was founded in 1852:

A) after an overwhelming majority vote of the people.
B) after Louis Napoleon seized power.
C) immediately following a bloody revolution.
D) after the Franco-Prussian War.
E) after France invaded Mexico.

Question 61

Why was the Greek war for independence so attractive to European powers?

Question 62

How was nationalism transformed by the state?

Question 63

What was the role of the national workshops in bringing about the French Revolution of 1848?

Question 64

Romantic writing was not only in the genres of poetry and fiction,it was also present in the writing of history.

Question 65

How did republicanism and socialism differ from liberalism?

Question 66

Volk refers to the German people to whom Herder attributed a creative genius.

Question 67

What was Orientalism?

Question 68

What factors contributed to the second French Revolution in 1830?

Question 69

Why was restoration not possible in Latin America?

Question 70

How was Marx's socialism different from socialism in general?

Question 71

The second French Revolution prompted rebellion in Spain and Belgium.

Question 72

Isaac Newton's prisms played an important part in the Romantic artists' new uses of light.

Question 73

The Romantics were a conservative force who looked back to religion and history for inspiration.

Question 74

How did Romanticism challenge the gender roles of men and women in the nineteenth century?

Question 75

What changes did the new regime in Britain enact in order to avoid revolution?