Deck 4: Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a lineage-specific cytokine?

A) Kit ligand
B) CFU-GEMM
C) IL-3
D) G-CSF

Answer 1

G-CSF

Question 2

All of the following are hematopoietic growth factor receptor subgroups except:

A) Unique ligand-specific alpha chains with shared beta chains
B) Unique ligand-specific alpha chains that share GP130
C) Unique ligand-specific alpha chains with shared gamma chains
D) Unique ligand-specific alpha chains with shared zeta chains

Answer 2

Unique ligand-specific alpha chains with shared zeta chains

Question 3

Stem cells and progenitor cells can be measured by clonal assays in vitro. Maturing cells are measured by:

A) Clonal assays
B) Phenotyping
C) Flow cytometry
D) Morphologic analysis

Answer 3

Morphologic analysis

Question 4

Which components are included in the stromal cell compartment?

A) Matrix proteins and regulatory cytokines
B) Adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T lymphocytes, and macrophages
C) Stem cells
D) Progenitor cells

Question 5

GM-CSF is considered a(n):

A) Early-acting cytokine
B) Late-acting cytokine
C) Lineage-specific cytokine
D) Early-acting and multilineage cytokine

Question 6

An unknown cell is positive for CD34 and negative for CD38, lineage markers, and HLA-DR. Identify the cell.

A) MPP
B) Hematopoietic stem cell
C) CLP
D) CMP

Question 7

Which lineage promotes differentiation and maturation primarily with the use of interleukins?

A) Monocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Platelets
D) Lymphocytes

Question 8

Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells has the ability to self-renew?

A) Hematopoietic stem cell
B) Multipotential progenitor cell
C) Committed myeloid progenitor
D) Maturing cell

Question 9

All of the following are negative regulators of hematopoiesis except:

A) TGF-β
B) TNF
C) Kit ligand
D) MIP-1α

Question 10

Which of the following cells gives rise to the lymphoid and myeloid cells?

A) Committed lymphoid progenitor cell
B) Multipotential progenitor cell
C) Committed myeloid progenitor cell
D) CFU-GEMM

Question 11

Which of the following types of cell signaling describes how SCF and Flt3 ligand predominately regulate stem cell homeostasis?

A) Autocrine
B) Paracrine
C) Juxtacrine
D) Endocrine

Question 12

All of the following can be formed from CFU-GEMM except:

A) Neutrophil
B) Erythrocyte
C) Platelet
D) Lymphocyte

Question 13

Which term is used to describe all cells antecedent to mature cells of a particular lineage?

A) Progenitor cells
B) Stem cells
C) Precursor cells
D) Maturing cells

Question 14

Cytokine receptors that lack an intrinsic kinase domain transmit signals primarily through:

A) Transmembrane protein activation
B) Activation of cytoplasmic kinases
C) Heterodimer integral protein activation
D) Activation of mitochondrial networks

Question 15

Which of the following statements describes the role of transcription factors (TF) in hematopoiesis?

A) TF expression does not change during hematopoiesis.
B) TF function either to activate or suppress target gene expression.
C) TF block the differentiation pathway for hematopoietic precursors.
D) TF abnormalities are rarely seen in hematologic malignancies.

Question 16

Which of the following lineages are derived from the bipotential progenitor cell MEP?

A) Erythrocytes and megakaryocytes
B) Eosinophils and megakaryocytes
C) Erythrocytes and monocytes
D) Eosinophils and monocytes

Question 17

Which term is used to describe the point when two cells derived from the same precursor take a separate route of development?

A) Maturation
B) Differentiation
C) Commitment
D) Specialization

Question 18

All of the following are key components of hematopoietic differentiation except:

A) The formation of mature blood components with a finite life span
B) The differentiation of blood components when exposed to different cytokines
C) The commitment to produce blood cells only
D) The activation of programmed cell death

Question 19

All of the following are characteristics of an optimal hematopoietic microenvironment except:

A) Fibronectin
B) Extracellular matrix
C) Stromal cells
D) Synthetic cytokines

Question 20

Which of the following classes of hematopoietic cells is committed to becoming an erythrocyte?

A) Hematopoietic stem cell
B) Multipotential progenitor cell
C) Committed lymphoid progenitor
D) BFU-E

Question 21

Explain the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and describe how it can contribute to disease.

Question 22

Signal transduction pathways are propagated primarily through which of the following?

A) Kinases and protein phosphorylation
B) Phosphatases and protein dephosphorylation
C) Protein methylation
D) Histone deacetylation

Question 23

Several cytokines are used for clinical purposes. Which three cell lines are primarily increased by the injection of EPO, TPO, and CFU-GM?

A) Lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets
B) Erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes
C) Monocytes, platelets, and stem cells
D) Stem cells, precursor cells, and maturing cells

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the phenotype of the hematopoietic stem cell?

A) CD34⁺ CD38⁺Lin^-HLA-DR^-Rh123^Bright, SCF-R⁺,TPO-R⁺
B) CD34⁺ CD33⁺CD38⁺Lin^- Rh123^Lo
C) CD34⁺ CD38^-Lin^-HLA-DR^-Rh123^Lo, SCF-R⁺,TPO-R⁺
D) CD3⁺,CD4⁺,CD5⁺,CD8⁺,CD38^-,HLA-DR^-

Question 25

Compare and contrast the HSC and the progenitor cells. How are they similar? How are they different?

Question 26

All of the following are functions of the BM stroma except:

A) Adhesion of hematopoietic precursors
B) Cell-to-cell interaction
C) Synthesis of cytokines
D) Incorporation of essential metals into mature cells

Question 27

Explain how hematopoiesis uses autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine signaling. Choose one and provide an example of signaling through that pathway.

Question 28

Which component of the BM stroma is responsible for the formation of the ECM?

A) Cytokines
B) Fibroblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Collagen

Question 29

Which component allows the hematopoietic precursors to attach to the bone marrow microenvironment?

A) L-6
B) TNF
C) CAM
D) IFN

Question 30

What property primarily determines the specific targets of hematopoietic growth factors?

A) Unique transcription factors in the target cells
B) Unique signaling pathways in the target cells
C) Unique receptors in the membranes of the target cells
D) Lack of inhibitors to the growth factor in question

Question 31

All of the following function primarily as multilineage (early acting) growth factors except:

A) IL-4
B) GM-CSF
C) IL-3
D) SCF

Question 32

Which of the following molecules (synthetically generated) is administered to patients with renal disease to stimulate red cell production?

A) GM-CSF
B) Interleukin-2
C) EPO
D) G-CSF

Question 33

Explain the role of selected cytokines in the treatment of disorders affecting the hematopoietic system:
a. EPO
b. CSF3/CSF2
c. IL-3/CSF2/EPO

Question 34

Explain the role of stromal cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment.

Question 35

Which of the following cytokines inhibits stem cell proliferation?

A) Interferon
B) MIP-1α
C) Lactoferrin
D) TNF-α