Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

The protein found in erythrocytes that is responsible for oxygen transport is:

A) Albumin
B) Gamma globulin
C) Oxygen protein
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

Which two populations account for the greatest difference in reference intervals?

A) Adults and 12-year-olds
B) Newborns and 12-year-olds
C) Newborns and adults
D) Whites and blacks

Answer 2

Newborns and adults

Question 3

The liquid portion of blood is called ________ and makes up about ________ (percentage) of the total blood volume:

A) Bilirubin; 4%
B) Plasma; 55%
C) Erythrocytes; 65%
D) Cellular elements; 45%

Answer 3

Plasma; 55%

Question 4

Platelets and coagulation proteins are circulating components responsible for what process?

A) Hemolysis
B) Hemostasis
C) Normal cell production
D) Immune defense

Question 5

Which component of blood passes through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues to defend the body against invading foreign antigens?

A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) Leukocytes
D) Gamma globulin

Question 6

The cellular component of blood that is involved in hemostasis is:

A) Leukocyte
B) Erythrocyte
C) Thrombocyte
D) Hemoglobin

Question 7

When bilirubin is increased above the reference range, what disease process should be suspected if liver disease is ruled out?

A) Increased osmotic pressure
B) Hormone imbalance
C) Decreased albumin
D) Increased metabolism of hemoglobin

Question 8

An abnormal test result is defined as:

A) The opposite of a normal test result
B) A value that is outside the reference interval for a particular analyte
C) Only those values that fall below the reference interval for multiple analytes
D) Only those values that are above the reference interval for a single analyte

Question 9

The term for the process of blood cells passing through blood vessel walls into surrounding tissues is:

A) Osmosis
B) Capillary action
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Diapedesis

Question 10

Which of the following is not a cellular component of blood?

A) Leukocyte
B) Platelets
C) Erythrocyte
D) Albumin

Question 11

Which of the following can explain a decrease in the number of circulating erythrocytes?

A) Blood loss
B) Infection
C) Dehydration
D) Neutropenia

Question 12

Irradiated packed red blood cells are used to:

A) decrease bleeding when there is a deficiency or abnormal function of platelets
B) decrease the risk of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
C) reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease
D) treat the neutropenic patient who is septic and unresponsive to antimicrobials and who has chance of marrow recovery

Question 13

When decreased in concentration, which of the following formed elements could result in hypoxia?

A) Leukocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Platelets
D) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following represents an event in the pre-examination phase of laboratory testing?

A) Reporting of results
B) Interpretation of laboratory data
C) Performing a test procedure
D) Labeling a blood collection tube

Question 15

Which of the following is a hematology screening test?

A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
C) Osmotic pressure
D) Chloride concentration

Question 16

What component of plasma assists in the transport of bilirubin?

A) Enzymes
B) Hydrogen
C) Calcium
D) Albumin

Question 17

Which of the following is not a role of the clinical laboratory professional?

A) Correlate lab results with appropriate disease states
B) Correlate lab results with disease pathophysiology
C) Correlate lab results with treatment
D) Order reflex tests

Question 18

Which of the following is an expected finding in a newborn?

A) WBC count = 2 × 10⁹/L
B) PLT count = 100 × 10⁹/L
C) Hemoglobin = 17.0 g/dL
D) RBC count = 3.50 × 10⁹/L

Question 19

Which of the following blood cell components would be most influenced in a patient with an infection of the tonsils (tonsillitis)?

A) Leukocyte
B) Erythrocyte
C) Thrombocyte
D) Hemoglobin

Question 20

The predominant blood leukocyte found in children is the:

A) Monocyte
B) Lymphocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Eosinophil

Question 21

Explain how the hemostatic pathway is activated in times of need.

Question 22

Explain how screening tests and reflexing testing are related.

Question 23

Explain how a reference interval is determined.

Question 24

Which of the following could be reflexed as the result of decreased RBC indices on a screening CBC?

A) Serum iron studies to rule out Iron Deficiency Anemia
B) Platelet aggregation studies to rule out disorders of hemostasis
C) Urine Culture and Sensitivity to rule out infection
D) Thyroid function studies to rule out thyroid gland disorders

Question 25

Give two reasons for transfusing leukoreduced, packed red blood cells.

Question 26

Patients who are unable to dissolve a fibrin blood clot are likely to present with which of the following pathologies?

A) Anemia
B) Bleeding
C) Thrombosis
D) Leukemia

Question 27

All of the following must be considered when establishing a reference interval for a group of individuals except:

A) The geographic area
B) Age of the population
C) Occupations of the population
D) Sex of the population

Question 28

Compare expected hemoglobin values and WBC counts between infants and adults.

Question 29

An unlabeled blood collection tube is delivered to the hematology laboratory. The laboratory professional requests a redraw because an error in which phase of laboratory testing has occurred?

A) Pre-examination
B) Examination
C) Post-examination
D) Analytical

Question 30

Which of the following blood constituents is associated with increased red blood cell destruction?

A) Bilirubin
B) Albumin
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) Immunoglobulin

Question 31

Explain how algorithmic protocols are used for follow-up testing.

Question 32

Which of the following tests could be reflexed as the result of an abnormal prothrombin time?

A) Molecular analysis of clotting factors
B) Complete blood count
C) Measurement of albumin
D) Hemoglobin analysis