Deck 25: Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Question 1

How many kilocalories per kilogram (kcal/kg)of body weight does a breastfed term infant require each day?

A) 50 to 65
B) 75 to 90
C) 95 to 110
D) 150 to 200

Answer 1

95 to 110

Question 2

Which statement regarding the nutrient needs of breastfed infants is correct?

A) Breastfed infants need extra water in hot climates.
B) During the first 3 months,breastfed infants consume more energy than formula-fed infants.
C) Breastfeeding infants should receive 400 IU of oral vitamin D drops daily.
D) Vitamin K injections at birth are not necessary for breastfed infants.

Answer 2

Breastfeeding infants should receive 400 IU of oral vitamin D drops daily.

Question 3

A new father is ready to take his wife and newborn son home.He proudly tells the nurse who is discharging them that within the next week he plans to start feeding the infant cereal between breastfeeding sessions.Which information should the nurse provide regarding this feeding plan?

A) "Feeding solid foods before your son is 4 to 6 months old may decrease your son's intake of sufficient calories."
B) "Feeding solid foods between breastfeeding sessions before your son is 4 to 6 months old will lead to an early cessation of breastfeeding."
C) "Your feeding plan will help your son sleep through the night."
D) "Feeding solid foods before your son is 4 to 6 months old will limit his growth."

Answer 3

"Feeding solid foods between breastfeeding sessions before your son is 4 to 6 months old will lead to an early cessation of breastfeeding."

Question 4

A breastfeeding woman develops engorged breasts at 3 days postpartum.What action will help this client achieve her goal of reducing the engorgement?

A) Skip feedings to enable her sore breasts to rest.
B) Avoid using a breast pump.
C) Breastfeed her infant every 2-3 hours.
D) Reduce her fluid intake for 24 hours.

Question 5

A nurse is discussing the storage of breast milk with a mother whose infant is preterm and in the special care nursery.Which storage practice indicates that the mother requires additional teaching?

A) Keeping breast milk in the deep freezer for up to 6 months.
B) Freezing breast milk for up to 3 months."
C) Allowing breast milk to sit at room temperature for up to 4 hours.
D) Storing breast milk in the refrigerator for up to 10 days."

Question 6

The breastfeeding mother should be taught a safe method to remove the breast from the baby's mouth.Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate?

A) Slowly remove the breast from the baby's mouth when the infant has fallen asleep and the jaws are relaxed.
B) Break the suction by inserting your finger into the corner of the infant's mouth.
C) A popping sound occurs when the breast is correctly removed from the infant's mouth.
D) Elicit the Moro reflex to wake the baby and remove the breast when the baby cries.

Question 7

At a 2-month well-baby examination,it was discovered that an exclusively breastfed infant had only gained 10 ounces in the past 4 weeks.The mother and the nurse develop a feeding plan for the infant to increase his weight gain.Which change in dietary management will assist the client in meeting this goal?

A) Begin solid foods.
B) Have a bottle of formula after every feeding.
C) Have one extra breastfeeding session every 24 hours.
D) Start iron supplements.

Question 8

A primiparous woman is delighted with her newborn son and wants to begin breastfeeding as soon as possible.How should the client be instructed to position the infant to facilitate correct latch-on?

A) The infant should be positioned with his or her arms folded together over the chest.
B) The infant should be curled up in a fetal position.
C) The woman should cup the infant's head in her hand.
D) The infant's head and body should be in alignment with the mother.

Question 9

Which information should the nurse provide to a breastfeeding mother regarding optimal self-care?

A) She will need an extra 1000 calories a day to maintain energy and produce milk.
B) She can return to prepregnancy consumption patterns of any drinks as long as she gets enough calcium.
C) She should avoid trying to lose large amounts of weight.
D) She must avoid exercising because it is too fatiguing.

Question 10

The nurse is evaluating the new mother's knowledge about appropriate infant bottle feeding techniques.Which statement by the client reassures the nurse that correct learning has taken place?

A) "Since reaching 2 weeks of age,I add rice cereal to my daughter's formula to ensure adequate nutrition."
B) "I warm the bottle in my microwave oven."
C) "I burp my daughter during and after the feeding and as needed."
D) "I refrigerate any leftover formula for the next feeding."

Question 11

A postpartum woman telephones the provider regarding her 5-day-old infant.The client is not scheduled for another weight check until the infant is 14 days old.The new mother is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well.Which statement indicates that breastfeeding is effective for meeting the infant's nutritional needs?

A) Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings
B) Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours
C) Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week
D) Has 3 bowel movements and eight wet diapers per day

Question 12

A new mother asks the nurse what the "experts say" about the best way to feed her infant.Which recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)regarding infant nutrition should be shared with this client?

A) Infants should be given only human milk for the first 6 months of life.
B) Infants fed on formula should be started on solid food sooner than breastfed infants.
C) If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months,then they should receive cow's milk,not formula.
D) After 6 months,mothers should shift from breast milk to cow's milk.

Question 13

Parents have been asked by the neonatologist to provide breast milk for their newborn son,who was born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation.The nurse who instructs them regarding pumping,storing,and transporting the milk needs to assess their knowledge of lactation.Which statement is a valid basis for the instructions?

A) Premature infants more easily digest breast milk than formula.
B) A glass of wine just before pumping will help reduce stress and anxiety.
C) The mother should only pump as much milk as the infant can drink.
D) The mother should pump every 2 to 3 hours,including during the night.

Question 14

While discussing the societal impacts of breastfeeding,the nurse should be cognizant of the benefits and educate the client accordingly.Which statement as part of this discussion would be incorrect?

A) Breastfeeding requires fewer supplies and less cumbersome equipment.
B) Breastfeeding saves families money.
C) Breastfeeding costs employers in terms of time lost from work.
D) Breastfeeding benefits the environment.

Question 15

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits feeding readiness cues rather than waiting until the baby is frantically crying.Which feeding cue would indicate that the baby is ready to eat?

A) Waves her arms in the air
B) Makes sucking motions
C) Has the hiccups
D) Stretches out her legs straight

Question 16

A pregnant woman wants to breastfeed her infant;however,her partner is not convinced that there are any scientific reasons to do so.The nurse can give the couple printed information comparing breastfeeding and bottle feeding.Which statement regarding bottle feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas might influence their choice?

A) Bottle feeding using a commercially prepared formula increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies.
B) Bottle feeding helps the infant sleep through the night.
C) Commercially prepared formula ensures that the infant is getting iron in a form that is easily absorbed.
D) Bottle feeding requires that multivitamin supplements be given to the infant.

Question 17

The nurse is explaining the benefits associated with breastfeeding to a new mother.Which statement by the nurse would provide conflicting information to the client?

A) Women who breastfeed have a decreased risk of breast cancer.
B) Breastfeeding is an effective method of birth control.
C) Breastfeeding increases bone density.
D) Breastfeeding may enhance postpartum weight loss.

Question 18

The nurse should be cognizant of which statement regarding the unique qualities of human breast milk?

A) Frequent feedings during predictable growth spurts stimulate increased milk production.
B) Milk of preterm mothers is the same as the milk of mothers who gave birth at term.
C) Milk at the beginning of the feeding is the same as the milk at the end of the feeding.
D) Colostrum is an early,less concentrated,less rich version of mature milk.

Question 19

In assisting the breastfeeding mother to position the baby,which information regarding positioning is important for the nurse to keep in mind?

A) The cradle position is usually preferred by mothers who had a cesarean birth.
B) Women with perineal pain and swelling prefer the modified cradle position.
C) Whatever the position used,the infant is "skin to skin" with the mother.
D) While supporting the head,the mother should push gently on the occiput.

Question 20

Which action by the mother will initiate the milk ejection reflex (MER)?

A) Wearing a firm-fitting bra
B) Drinking plenty of fluids
C) Placing the infant to the breast
D) Applying cool packs to her breast

Question 21

Which instruction should the nurse provide to reduce the risk of nipple trauma?

A) Limit the feeding time to less than 5 minutes.
B) Position the infant so the nipple is far back in the mouth.
C) Assess the nipples before each feeding.
D) Wash the nipples daily with mild soap and water.

Question 22

A new mother asks whether she should feed her newborn colostrum,because it is not "real milk." What is the nurse's most appropriate answer?

A) Colostrum is high in antibodies,protein,vitamins,and minerals.
B) Colostrum is lower in calories than milk and should be supplemented by formula.
C) Giving colostrum is important in helping the mother learn how to breastfeed before she goes home.
D) Colostrum is unnecessary for newborns.

Question 23

Which statements concerning the benefits or limitations of breastfeeding are accurate? (Select all that apply. )

A) Breast milk changes over time to meet the changing needs as infants grow.
B) Breastfeeding increases the risk of childhood obesity.
C) Breast milk and breastfeeding may enhance cognitive development.
D) Long-term studies have shown that the benefits of breast milk continue after the infant is weaned.
E) Benefits to the infant include a reduced incidence of SIDS.

Question 24

As the nurse assists a new mother with breastfeeding,the client asks,"If formula is prepared to meet the nutritional needs of the newborn,what is in breast milk that makes it better?" What is the nurse's best response?

A) More calories
B) Essential amino acids
C) Important immunoglobulins
D) More calcium

Question 25

A nurse is discussing the signs and symptoms of mastitis with a mother who is breastfeeding.Which findings should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply. )

A) Breast tenderness
B) Warmth in the breast
C) Area of redness on the breast often resembling the shape of a pie wedge
D) Small white blister on the tip of the nipple
E) Fever and flulike symptoms

Question 26

Which actions are examples of appropriate techniques to wake a sleepy infant for breastfeeding? (Select all that apply. )

A) Unwrapping the infant
B) Changing the diaper
C) Talking to the infant
D) Slapping the infant's hands and feet
E) Applying a cold towel to the infant's abdomen

Question 27

The AAP recommends pasteurized donor milk for preterm infants if the mother's own milk in not available.Which statements regarding donor milk and milk banking are important for the nurse to understand and communicate to her client? (Select all that apply. )

A) All milk bank donors are screened for communicable diseases.
B) Internet milk sharing is an acceptable source for donor milk.
C) Donor milk may be given to transplant clients.
D) Donor milk is used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs)for severely low-birth-weight infants only.
E) Donor milk may be used for children with immunoglobulin A (IgA)deficiencies.