Deck 15: Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Question 1

Which nutrient's recommended dietary allowance (RDA)is higher during lactation than during pregnancy?

A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin A
D) Folic acid

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

With regard to weight gain during pregnancy,the nurse should be aware of which important information?

A) In pregnancy,the woman's height is not a factor in determining her target weight.
B) Obese women may have their health concerns,but their risk of giving birth to a child with major congenital defects is the same as with women of normal weight.
C) Women with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk of delivering a preterm infant with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
D) Greater than expected weight gain during pregnancy is almost always attributable to old-fashioned overeating.

Answer 2

Women with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk of delivering a preterm infant with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Question 3

Which guidance might the nurse provide for a client with severe morning sickness?

A) Trying lemonade and potato chips
B) Drinking plenty of fluids early in the day
C) Immediately brushing her teeth after eating
D) Never snacking before bedtime

Answer 3

Trying lemonade and potato chips

Question 4

A pregnant woman's diet consists almost entirely of whole grain breads and cereals,fruits,and vegetables.Which dietary requirement is the nurse most concerned about?

A) Calcium
B) Protein
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Folic acid

Question 5

A pregnant woman reports that she is still playing tennis at 32 weeks of gestation.Which recommendation would the nurse make for this client after a tennis match?

A) Drink several glasses of fluid.
B) Eat extra protein sources such as peanut butter.
C) Enjoy salty foods to replace lost sodium.
D) Consume easily digested sources of carbohydrate.

Question 6

A woman has come to the clinic for preconception counseling because she wants to start trying to get pregnant.Which guidance should she expect to receive?

A) "Discontinue all contraception now."
B) "Lose weight so that you can gain more during pregnancy."
C) "You may take any medications you have been regularly taking."
D) "Make sure you include adequate folic acid in your diet."

Question 7

Many clients are concerned about the increased levels of mercury in fish and may be reluctant to include this source of nutrients in their diet.What is the best advice for the nurse to provide?

A) "Canned white tuna is a preferred choice for inclusion in your diet."
B) "Shark,swordfish,and mackerel are types of fish that have high mercury levels"
C) "Fish caught in local waterways is the safest to consume."
D) "Avoid salmon and shrimp since they contain high levels of mercury."

Question 8

Which minerals and vitamins are usually recommended as a supplement in a pregnant client's diet?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins A and D
B) Water-soluble vitamins C and B₆
C) Iron and folate
D) Calcium and zinc

Question 9

Maternal nutritional status is an especially significant factor of the many that influence the outcome of pregnancy.Why is this the case?

A) Maternal nutritional status is extremely difficult to adjust because of an individual's ingrained eating habits.
B) Adequate nutrition is an important preventive measure for a variety of problems.
C) Women love obsessing about their weight and diets.
D) A woman's preconception weight becomes irrelevant.

Question 10

A client states that she does not drink milk.Which foods should the nurse encourage this woman to consume in greater amounts to increase her calcium intake?

A) Fresh apricots
B) Canned clams
C) Spaghetti with meat sauce
D) Canned sardines

Question 11

While obtaining a diet history,the nurse might be told that the expectant mother has cravings for ice chips,cornstarch,and baking soda.Which nutritional problem does this behavior indicate?

A) Preeclampsia
B) Pyrosis
C) Pica
D) Purging

Question 12

Which vitamins or minerals may lead to congenital malformations of the fetus if taken in excess by the mother?

A) Zinc
B) Vitamin D
C) Folic acid
D) Vitamin A

Question 13

Pregnant adolescents are at greater risk for decreased body mass index (BMI)and "fad" dieting with which condition?

A) Obesity
B) Gestational diabetes
C) Low-birth-weight babies
D) High-birth-weight babies

Question 14

Which nutritional recommendation regarding fluids is accurate?

A) A woman's daily intake should be eight to ten glasses of water,milk,and/or juice.
B) Coffee should be limited to no more than 2 cups,but tea and cocoa can be consumed without worry.
C) Of the artificial sweeteners,only aspartame has not been associated with any maternity health concerns.
D) Water with fluoride is especially encouraged because it reduces the child's risk of tooth decay.

Question 15

Which statement made by a lactating woman leads the nurse to believe that the client might have lactose intolerance?

A) "I always have heartburn after I drink milk."
B) "If I drink more than a cup of milk,I usually have abdominal cramps and bloating."
C) "Drinking milk usually makes me break out in hives."
D) "Sometimes I notice that I have bad breath after I drink a cup of milk."

Question 16

Assessment of a woman's nutritional status includes a diet history,medication regimen,physical examination,and relevant laboratory tests.Which finding might require consultation to a higher level of care?

A) Oral contraceptive use may interfere with the absorption of iron.
B) Illnesses that have created nutritional deficits,such as PKU,may require nutritional care before conception.
C) The woman's socioeconomic status and educational level are not relevant to her examination;they are the province of the social worker.
D) Testing for diabetes is the only nutrition-related laboratory test most pregnant women need.

Question 17

A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconceptual body mass index (BMI)of 19.What is this client's total recommended weight gain during pregnancy?

A) 20 kg (44 lb)
B) 16 kg (35 lb)
C) 12.5 kg (27.5 lb)
D) 10 kg (22 lb)

Question 18

After the nurse completes nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman,she asks the client to repeat the instructions to assess the client's understanding.Which statement indicates that the client understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

A) "Protein will help my baby grow."
B) "Eating protein will prevent me from becoming anemic."
C) "Eating protein will make my baby have strong teeth after he is born."
D) "Eating protein will prevent me from being diabetic."

Question 19

To prevent gastrointestinal (GI)upset,when should a pregnant client be instructed to take the recommended iron supplements?

A) On a full stomach
B) At bedtime
C) After eating a meal
D) With milk

Question 20

Nutrition is an alterable and important preventive measure for a variety of potential problems such as low birth weight and prematurity.While completing the physical assessment of the pregnant client,the nurse can evaluate the client's nutritional status by observing a number of physical signs.Which physical sign indicates to the nurse that the client has unmet nutritional needs?

A) Normal heart rate,rhythm,and blood pressure
B) Bright,clear,and shiny eyes
C) Alert and responsive with good endurance
D) Edema,tender calves,and tingling

Question 21

Which action is the priority for the nurse who is assessing the influence of culture on a client's diet?

A) Evaluate the client's weight gain during pregnancy.
B) Assess the socioeconomic status of the client.
C) Discuss the four food groups with the client.
D) Identify food preferences and methods of food preparation

Question 22

A woman in the 34th week of pregnancy reports that she is very uncomfortable because of heartburn.Which recommendation would be appropriate for this client?

A) Substitute other calcium sources for milk in her diet.
B) Lie down after each meal.
C) Reduce the amount of fiber she consumes.
D) Eat five small meals daily.

Question 23

A pregnant woman's diet may not meet her increased need for folates.Which food is a rich source of this nutrient?

A) Chicken
B) Cheese
C) Potatoes
D) Green leafy vegetables

Question 24

Which pregnant woman should strictly follow weight gain recommendations during pregnancy?

A) Pregnant with twins
B) In early adolescence
C) Shorter than 62 inches or 157 cm
D) Was 20 pounds overweight before pregnancy

Question 25

The BMI for a woman who is 51 kg before pregnancy and 1.57 m tall is _________.

Question 26

Most women with uncomplicated pregnancies can use the nurse as their primary source for nutritional information.However,the nurse or midwife may need to refer a client to a registered dietitian for in-depth nutritional counseling.Which conditions would require such a consultation? (Select all that apply. )

A) Preexisting or gestational illness such as diabetes
B) Ethnic or cultural food patterns
C) Obesity
D) Vegetarian diets
E) Multifetal pregnancy

Question 27

Which information regarding protein in the diet of a pregnant woman is most helpful to the client?

A) Many protein-rich foods are also good sources of calcium,iron,and B vitamins.
B) Many women need to increase their protein intake during pregnancy.
C) As with carbohydrates and fat,no specific recommendations exist for the amount of protein in the diet.
D) High-protein supplements can be used without risk by women on macrobiotic diets.

Question 28

A client states that she plans to breastfeed her newborn infant.What guidance would be useful for this new mother?

A) The mother's intake of vitamin C,zinc,and protein can now be lower than during pregnancy.
B) Caffeine consumed by the mother accumulates in the infant,who may be unusually active and wakeful.
C) Critical iron and folic acid levels must be maintained.
D) Lactating women can go back to their prepregnant caloric intake.

Question 29

The nurse has formulated a diagnosis of Inadequate Nutrition for the client.Which goal is most appropriate for this client to obtain?

A) Gain a total of 30 pounds.
B) Consistently take daily supplements.
C) Decrease her intake of snack foods.
D) Increase her intake of complex carbohydrates.

Question 30

Which action is the highest priority for the nurse when educating a pregnant adolescent?

A) Emphasize the need to eliminate common teenage snack foods because they are high in fat and sodium.
B) Determine the weight gain needed to meet adolescent growth and add 35 pounds.
C) Suggest that she not eat at fast-food restaurants to avoid foods of poor nutritional value.
D) Realize that most adolescents are unwilling to make dietary changes during pregnancy.