Question 1

Monitoring and recording blood pressure of all dental patients before dental treatment starts might well prove to be a life-saving procedure.

Accepted Answer

Monitoring and recording blood pressure can help identify patients at risk of a hypertensive crisis during dental treatment, which can lead to life-threatening complications such as stroke or heart attack.

Question 2

The correct sequential order of development of an atheroma is:&#10;A)fibrous tissue,cholesterol,calcium&#10;B)cholesterol,fibrous tissue,calcium&#10;C)cholesterol,calcium,fibrous tissue&#10;D)calcium,cholesterol,fibrous tissue

Accepted Answer

The correct sequential order of development of an atheroma is cholesterol accumulation, followed by fibrous tissue formation and finally calcium deposition.

Question 3

Ischemia is defined as:&#10;A)reduced oxygen supply to tissue despite adequate perfusion&#10;B)absence of oxygen supply to tissue despite adequate perfusion&#10;C)oxygen deprivation accompanied by inadequate removal of metabolites consequent to inadequate perfusion&#10;D)area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue caused by local ischemia,resulting from obstruction of circulation to the area

Accepted Answer

Ischemia is characterized by oxygen deprivation and inadequate removal of metabolites due to insufficient blood flow (perfusion) to the tissue, not merely by reduced or absent oxygen supply with adequate perfusion.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is/are true of blood lipids and development of atherosclerosis?&#10;A)low-density lipoproteins are associated with formation of atheromas&#10;B)high-density lipoproteins are associated with formation of atheromas&#10;C)The cutoff point in serum cholesterol levels is 200;below that there is no risk of atheromas&#10;D)A and C&#10;E)B and C

Accepted Answer

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with the formation of atheromas, which can eventually lead to atherosclerosis. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), on the other hand, can help protect against atherosclerosis. There is no specific cutoff point for serum cholesterol levels in terms of atherosclerosis risk, as other factors such as family history, smoking, and blood pressure also play a role.

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in coronary blood vessels includes:&#10;A)angina pectoris&#10;B)myocardial infarction&#10;C)cardiac dysrhythmias&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis in coronary blood vessels can lead to angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Angina pectoris is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, while myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked. Dysrhythmias can result from damage to the conduction system of the heart due to atherosclerosis.

Question 6

Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels occurs predominantly in the __________ coronary arteries.&#10;A)distal segments of large-size&#10;B)proximal segments of medium-size&#10;C)distal segments of small-size&#10;D)proximal segments of small-size

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels typically occurs in the proximal segments of medium-size arteries. This is where the artery is most susceptible to damage and plaque buildup due to high pressure, turbulent blood flow, and shear stress.

Question 7

Atherosclerosis is present in approximately __% of patients with significant noncongenital heart disease.&#10;A)30&#10;B)50&#10;C)70&#10;D)90

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is present in approximately 90% of patients with significant noncongenital heart disease, reflecting its widespread prevalence and major role in the pathogenesis of heart disease.

Question 8

Nicotine _________ myocardial demand for oxygen,and ________ the adhesiveness of platelets.&#10;A)increases;decreases&#10;B)increases;increases&#10;C)decreases;increases&#10;D)decreases;decreases

Accepted Answer

Nicotine increases myocardial demand for oxygen by stimulating the heart and increases the adhesiveness of platelets, which can contribute to clot formation.

Question 9

The most common site in which clinically significant atherosclerosis develops in the heart is the:&#10;A)Right circumflex artery&#10;B)anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery&#10;C)Right coronary artery&#10;D)left circumflex artery

Accepted Answer

The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery supplies blood to the front and main part of the heart. It is the most common site of clinically significant atherosclerosis development in the heart, leading to heart attacks and other coronary artery diseases.

Question 10

The risk of morbidity and death from CAD shows a/an ________ relationship to blood pressure levels over the entire range of values.&#10;A)logarithmic&#10;B)direct&#10;C)inverse&#10;D)zero order kinetic

Accepted Answer

The word "direct" means a positive correlation between blood pressure levels and the risk of morbidity and death from CAD. This means that as blood pressure levels increase, so does the risk of morbidity and death from CAD.

Deck 26: Chest Pain: General Considerations