Question 1

Hyperventilation may be produced by:&#10;A)an increase in the frequency of respiration&#10;B)an increase in the depth of respiration&#10;C)an increase in either the frequency or depth of respiration&#10;D)neither an increase in frequency nor an increase in depth of respiration

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation refers to an increase in the rate and/or depth of breathing, which causes a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the body. Therefore, both an increase in frequency and an increase in depth of respiration can lead to hyperventilation, making option C the correct choice. Option A refers only to an increase in frequency, while option B refers only to an increase in depth, which are both inadequate to describe hyperventilation. Option D is incorrect as it suggests that neither an increase in frequency nor an increase in depth can cause hyperventilation.

Question 2

Instruct hyperventilating patients to: A)breathe into a paper bag. B)hold their breath for a while C)cup their hands in front of their mouth and nose and breathe in and out D)breathe O₂ from an oxygen delivery unit

Accepted Answer

cup their hands in front of their mouth and nose and breathe in and out

Question 3

___________ is/are the most common predisposing factor for hyperventilation.&#10;A)Foreign proteins&#10;B)Acute anxiety&#10;C)Drug interactions&#10;D)Metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

Acute anxiety is the most common predisposing factor for hyperventilation. This is also known as emotional or psychogenic hyperventilation. Other causes include fever, pain, hypoxemia, sepsis, metabolic acidosis, drug interactions, and foreign proteins.

Question 4

&#34;The treatment of ___________ is found at the end of one's arm&#34;.&#10;A)hypoglycemia&#10;B)angina pectoris&#10;C)cerebrovascular accident&#10;D)local anesthetic overdose&#10;E)hyperventilation

Accepted Answer

The phrase "the treatment of ___________ is found at the end of one's arm" refers to a non-pharmacological, simple method of treatment that can be performed with one's hand. In the context of the options provided, hyperventilation can be treated by having the person breathe into a bag held over the mouth and nose, which can be done with the hand at the end of one's arm. This helps to rebreathe carbon dioxide, balancing the gases in the blood to reduce symptoms. The other conditions listed typically require medical intervention beyond simple measures that can be performed with one's hand.

Question 5

During hyperventilation,the partial pressure of:&#10;A)carbon dioxide drops&#10;B)carbon dioxide rises&#10;C)oxygen drops&#10;D)oxygen rises

Accepted Answer

The answer of During hyperventilation,the partial pressure of:&#10;A)carbon dioxide drops&#10;B)carbon...

Question 6

Organic causes for hyperventilation include:&#10;A)organic nervous system disorders&#10;B)metabolic alkalosis&#10;C)hypercapnia&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Organic nervous system disorders and hypercapnia can both cause hyperventilation. Metabolic alkalosis, on the other hand, is not an organic cause but rather a non-organic cause of hyperventilation. Therefore, the correct choice is E, which includes only the organic causes (A and C).

Question 7

Vital signs of apprehensive patients may include:&#10;A)elevated blood pressure&#10;B)rapid pulse&#10;C)increase in the rate of respiration&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood pressure, rapid pulse, and an increase in the rate of respiration are all common vital sign changes seen in apprehensive patients. Therefore, options A, B, and C are all correct. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Question 8

Rapid breathing,precordial pain,muscle cramping,peripheral paresthesias,and muscle tetany are noted in which of the following?&#10;A)hypokalemia&#10;B)angina pectoris&#10;C)hyperventilation&#10;D)status epilepticus

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of hyperventilation, which is characterized by rapid breathing, muscular cramps, and peripheral paresthesias. Precordial pain and muscle tetany may also occur as a result of hyperventilation. Hypokalemia may cause muscle cramps and tetany, while angina pectoris may cause precordial pain, but these conditions do not typically involve rapid breathing or paresthesias. Status epilepticus involves prolonged seizures and is not associated with the aforementioned symptoms.

Question 9

The level of ionized calcium in the blood ________ as the blood's pH __________.&#10;A)decreases;increases&#10;B)decreases;decreases&#10;C)increases;increases

Accepted Answer

The level of ionized calcium in the blood decreases as the blood's pH increases because a higher pH (more alkaline) causes calcium to bind more readily to proteins, reducing the amount of free, ionized calcium in the blood.

Question 10

The drug of choice,if necessary,for a hyperventilating patient is ______________ .&#10;A)diazepam or midazolam&#10;B)nitroglycerin&#10;C)aspirin&#10;D)amyl nitrate

Accepted Answer

Diazepam or midazolam can be used to treat hyperventilation as they have a sedative effect and can help calm the patient down. Nitroglycerin is used to treat chest pain related to heart problems, aspirin is used to prevent blood clots, and amyl nitrate is used in treating cyanide poisoning.

Question 11

Hypocapnia results in:&#10;A)a rise in pH known as respiratory acidosis&#10;B)a rise in pH known as respiratory alkalosis&#10;C)a fall in pH known as respiratory acidosis&#10;D)a fall in pH known as respiratory alkalosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypocapnia results in:&#10;A)a rise in pH known...

Question 12

Normal respiratory rate for the adult is _________ breaths per minute.&#10;A)8 to 10&#10;B)8 to 12&#10;C)14 to 16&#10;D)14 to 18

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normal respiratory rate for the adult is...

Deck 12: Hyperventilation