Deck 9: Personality Disorders

Question 1

If an individual does not meet the criteria for any of the DSM-5 personality disorders but still has significant difficulties in his or her sense of self and relationships together with pathological personality traits, a clinician may give a diagnosis of:

A)personality disorder-trait specified.
B)personality complex-trait specified.
C)personality disorder-dimension specified.
D)personality complex-dimension specified.

Answer 1

personality disorder-trait specified.

Question 2

The DSM-5's approach to personality disorders is a ________ model.

A)strictly dimensional
B)strictly categorical
C)hybrid
D)disintegrated

Answer 2

hybrid

Question 3

All of the following are personality dimensions recognized in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

A)detachment.
B)antagonism.
C)disinhibition.
D)creativity.

Answer 3

creativity.

Question 4

The DSM-5 approach to diagnosing personality disorders differs from its approach to other types of disorders in that it explicitly incorporates a ________ perspective into the diagnosis.

A)continuum
B)cluster
C)binary
D)independent

Question 5

A(n)________ trait is a complex pattern of behavior, thought, and feeling that is stable across time and across many situations.

A)emotional
B)personality
C)behavioral
D)cognitive

Question 6

________ determines all the ways we have of acting, thinking, believing, and feeling that make each of us unique.

A)Personality
B)Temperament
C)Cognition
D)Disposition

Question 7

Although the DSM-5 uses a continuum-based approach to diagnosing personality disorders, it also includes ________ separate personality disorders.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 8

In the DSM-5, the psychoticism dimension includes:

A)drama and high emotional expression.
B)chronic self-doubt.
C)eccentricity.
D)fearful emotions.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about borderline personality disorder is NOT true?

A)People diagnosed with this disorder experience instability in their moods, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships.
B)The manifestation of this disorder varies from one person to the next and from one day to the next in any one person.
C)The majority of persons diagnosed with this disorder also meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one other mental disorder.
D)About 30 percent of persons diagnosed with borderline personality disorder experience hallucinations.

Question 10

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by hypersensitivity to

A)risk.
B)aggression.
C)abandonment.
D)stress.

Question 11

Under the DSM-5 approach, the first step in diagnosing a personality disorder is determining:

A)how physiological factors come into play.
B)an individual's level of functioning.
C)whether an individual has any pathological traits.
D)relevant details of family history.

Question 12

When an individual fails to develop a sense of self-identity and a capacity for interpersonal functioning that are adaptive in the individual's relationships, he or she may be diagnosed with a(n)________ disorder.

A)mood
B)anxiety
C)psychotic
D)personality

Question 13

The DSM-IV included ________ separate personality disorders.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 14

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

A)Hallucinations
B)Manic behavior
C)Major depressive episodes
D)Unstable relationships

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a personality disorder recognized by the DSM-5?

A)Multiple personality disorder
B)Borderline personality disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
D)Antisocial personality disorder

Question 16

The DSM-5 incorporates a continuum based functional assessment tool know as the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale for diagnosing a personality disorder.This scale evaluates functional impairment ranging from 0 to

A)3.
B)4.
C)5.
D)6.

Question 17

Gina has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.Which of the following would best describe Gina's mood?

A)Unstable
B)Rigid
C)Dejected
D)Apprehensive

Question 18

In the DSM-5, ________ is a negative characteristic of the disinhibition dimension.

A)impulsivity
B)manipulativeness
C)hostility
D)suspiciousness

Question 19

Jen, a second-year college student, attempted suicide at least 10 times before entering therapy.Her attempts to hurt herself usually followed arguments with her husband about getting a divorce.Which of the following diagnoses is Jen most likely to receive from her therapist?

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Avoidant personality disorder
C)Antisocial personality disorder
D)Schizotypal personality disorder

Question 20

In the DSM-5, ________ is a negative characteristic of the detachment dimension.

A)manipulativeness
B)hostility
C)irresponsibility
D)withdrawal

Question 21

Psychoanalytic theorists, particularly those in the object relations school, suggest that people with borderline personality disorder have:

A)poorly differentiated views of themselves compared to others.
B)a strong desire to be independent and self-sufficient.
C)a tendency to integrate the negative and positive qualities of their self-concept.
D)adapted abilities to deal with abandonment and neglect.

Question 22

Cognitively, people with borderline personality disorder are ________ negative emotional stimuli in the environment.

A)less aware of
B)hyperattentive to
C)avoidant of
D)resistant to

Question 23

All of the following are pathological personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

A)negative affectivity.
B)disinhibition.
C)antagonism.
D)detachment.

Question 24

According to research, which of the following groups is more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?

A)African Americans
B)European Americans
C)Latinos
D)Asian Americans

Question 25

The process of splitting, whereby individuals with borderline personality disorder see themselves and other people as either all good or all bad, was theorized in the ________ school of thought.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic

Question 26

________ is a group intervention for people with borderline personality disorder that combines cognitive techniques challenging irrational and maladaptive cognitions and behavioral techniques addressing self-management and problem solving.

A)Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS)
B)Rational emotive therapy (RET)
C)Mentalization-based treatment
D)Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Question 27

One theory as to why ________ are more likely to receive a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is that stress is more common among this group.

A)Latinos
B)European Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)African Americans

Question 28

________ is based on the argument that people with borderline personality disorder have fundamental difficulty understanding the mental states of themselves and others because of traumatic experiences in childhood and poor attachment to their caregivers.

A)STEPPS
B)Mentalization-based treatment
C)Dialectical behavior therapy
D)Transference-focused therapy

Question 29

Drug treatments for people with borderline personality disorders have focused on reducing:

A)psychotic symptoms.
B)symptoms of anxiety and depression.
C)flat or blunted affect.
D)ideas of reference.

Question 30

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the instability in emotions and interpersonal relationships seen in people with borderline personality disorder is due to:

A)a fear of rejection.
B)splitting.
C)confusion about reality.
D)the inability to read environmental cues.

Question 31

Which of the following psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder focuses on helping clients gain a more realistic and positive sense of self, learn adaptive skills for solving problems and regulating emotions, and correct dichotomous thinking?

A)Transference-focused therapy
B)Rational emotive therapy
C)Mentalization-based treatment
D)Dialectical behavior therapy

Question 32

Jennifer has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.Her therapist noticed that she sees things as either "all good" or "all bad." This process is called

A)tearing.
B)detaching.
C)separating.
D)splitting.

Question 33

All of the following are personality traits associated with borderline personality disorder in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

A)negative affectivity.
B)disinhibition.
C)antagonism.
D)psychoticism.

Question 34

According to Linehan, people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder:

A)are often self-reliant in handling difficult situations.
B)possess the self-confidence to ask for help.
C)have deficits in emotional regulation.
D)have a history of being controlled by others.

Question 35

In dialectical behavior therapy, clients with borderline personality disorder may learn how to control their ________ behaviors by monitoring situations most likely to lead to such behaviors and learning alternative ways to handle those situations.

A)avoidant
B)obsessive
C)suspicious
D)impulsive

Question 36

Which of the following antidepressants has proven most useful in the treatment of borderline personality disorder?

A)MAOIs
B)Aripiprazole
C)Tricyclics
D)Lithium

Question 37

STEPPS is a ________ therapy treatment for borderline personality disorder.

A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)physiological

Question 38

A nationwide study suggests that approximately ________ percent of the population could be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 39

Studies show that people with borderline personality disorder have greater activation of the ________, which may contribute to the difficulty they have in regulating their moods.

A)thalamus
B)amygdala
C)medulla
D)hippocampus

Question 40

________ uses the relationship between patient and therapist to help patients develop a more realistic and healthy understanding of themselves and their interpersonal relationships.

A)Rational emotive therapy
B)Dialectical behavior therapy
C)STEPPS
D)Transference-focused therapy

Question 41

Narcissistic personality disorder is most associated with a history of ________ in childhood.

A)criticism
B)achievement
C)failure
D)neglect

Question 42

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder tend to seek

A)dependency.
B)admiration.
C)solitude.
D)stability.

Question 43

People with avoidant personality disorder:

A)have high-self-esteem.
B)enjoy solitude.
C)are prone to shame.
D)have poor impulse control.

Question 44

A nationwide study in the United States found about ________ percent of men could be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true about narcissistic personality disorder?

A)This disorder is more frequently diagnosed in women than in men.
B)People with this disorder have no difficulties with self-esteem.
C)People with this disorder are preoccupied with fantasies of power and success.
D)People with this disorder often consider themselves to be inferior but are benevolent.

Question 46

The results of drug treatment studies for borderline personality disorder have been:

A)mixed.
B)mostly negatively.
C)somewhat positive.
D)extremely positive.

Question 47

Aaron Pincus and Mark Lukowitzky maintained that narcissists can be both:

A)grandiose and vulnerable.
B)grandiose and withdrawn.
C)delusional and vulnerable.
D)delusional and withdrawn.

Question 48

Arnie has been passed over for a promotion.To cope with the intense shame that he feels, he tells his colleagues that he was more qualified than the person who got the job and really should be considered for the upcoming vice president position.This reaction to disappointment might indicate which of the following disorders?

A)vulnerable narcissism
B)grandiose narcissism
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 49

Which of the following personality disorders is more likely to endorse beliefs such as "I don't have to be bound by rules that apply to other people"?

A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Schizotypal personality disorder
C)Avoidant personality disorder
D)Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 50

Cognitive theorists have argued that some people with narcissistic personality disorder:

A)do not seek approval from others or consider themselves superior.
B)have hallucinations and suicidal thoughts frequently.
C)develop the belief that they are unique or exceptional as a defense against rejection.
D)develop negative assumptions about their self-worth due to highly critical parenting styles.

Question 51

A nationwide study in the United States found that about ________ percent of women could be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9

Question 52

According to the text, two subtypes of narcissism are grandiose narcissism and ________ narcissism.

A)malignant
B)vulnerable
C)self-defeating
D)self-enhancing

Question 53

Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with narcissistic personality disorder?

A)Psychoticism
B)Detachment
C)Disinhibition
D)Antagonism

Question 54

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are characterized by

A)arrogance.
B)anxiety.
C)avoidance.
D)indecisiveness.

Question 55

Which of the following is understood as a subtype of a narcissist?

A)Schizoid narcissist
B)Histrionic narcissist
C)Vulnerable narcissist
D)Anxious narcissist

Question 56

In treating histrionic personality disorder, psychodynamic psychotherapists work towards helping their clients to

A)dress more conservatively.
B)uncover repressed memories and needs.
C)learn to regulate their voices.
D)overcome difficulties in eating.

Question 57

People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder:

A)are usually oblivious to external threats.
B)tended to be highly sociable as children.
C)shun interactions if there is a possibility of being criticized.
D)tend to be cheerful and satisfied in their solitary professions.

Question 58

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect an aspect of histrionic personality disorder?

A)Histrionic personality disorder shares features with borderline personality.
B)People with histrionic personality disorder crave flattering nurturance and preferential treatment.
C)A highly dramatic attitude often characterizes histrionic personality disorder.
D)Histrionic personality disorder is another name for narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 59

Psychodynamically oriented theorists suggest that the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder are:

A)defenses against rejection by others.
B)related to coping with difficulties in social interaction.
C)maladaptive strategies for managing emotions and self-views.
D)the results of indulgence and overvaluation during childhood.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true about the treatment of narcissistic personality disorder?

A)People with this disorder are often proactive when it comes to seeking treatment for their problems.
B)Once confronted, most people with this disorder are more likely to accept responsibility for their actions.
C)People with this disorder often remain in therapy even after their acute symptoms or problems lessen.
D)Cognitive techniques help these clients develop more realistic expectations of their abilities and more sensitivity to the needs of others.

Question 61

________ therapies have proven most helpful for people with avoidant personality disorder.

A)Cognitive and behavior
B)Psychodynamic and behavior
C)Cognitive and psychodynamic
D)Psychodynamic and humanistic

Question 62

________ are sometimes used to reduce the social anxiety of people with avoidant personality disorder.

A)Serotonin reuptake inhibitors
B)Tricyclic antidepressants
C)MAOIs
D)Benzodiazepines

Question 63

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder:

A)are quite spontaneous in their interactions with others.
B)are often workaholics who see little need for leisure activities.
C)tend to relate well with people of different ranks.
D)tend to be efficient and hence make excellent employees.

Question 64

Avoidant personality disorder is:

A)more common among men than women.
B)actually quite different from social anxiety disorder.
C)prevalent in more than 10 percent of the population.
D)associated with rejection in early life of a child.

Question 65

Avoidant personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are similar in that both involve

A)long and uncertain treatment.
B)social isolation.
C)anxious avoidance.
D)traumatizing parents.

Question 66

Compared to individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, those with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have:

A)fewer fixations on behavior.
B)fewer concerns over perfection.
C)more physiological symptoms of stress.
D)more general concerns with order.

Question 67

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to be highly:

A)delusional
B)perfectionistic.
C)withdrawn.
D)grandiose.

Question 68

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder experience their obsessions and compulsions as

A)part of their personalities.
B)discrete experiences tied to specific events such as turning off the stove or making sure the lights are turned off before leaving home.
C)intrusive and unwanted.
D)a personal strength that guarantees perfect outcomes.

Question 69

Twin studies have shown that ________ plays a role in avoidant personality disorder.

A)parenting
B)genetics
C)early education
D)physical illness

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A)There is no appreciable difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
B)People with OCD experience obsessions and compulsions as intrusive and unwanted; by contrast, people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder typically view their concerns as part of their personalities.
C)People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder experience obsessions and compulsions as intrusive and unwanted whereas people with OCD typically view their concerns as part of their personalities.
D)People with OCD experience their obsessions and compulsions more intensely than people diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder experience theirs.

Question 71

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder:

A)are quite spontaneous in their interactions with others.
B)are often experienced by others as stubborn and stingy.
C)tend to relate well with people of different ranks.
D)tend to be efficient and hence make excellent employees.

Question 72

Cognitive theorists suggest that people with avoidant personality disorder:

A)are unperturbed by thoughts of inferiority and avoid social interactions with others because they lack social skills.
B)develop dysfunctional beliefs about being worthless as a result of rejection by important others early in life.
C)tend to dwell on and overemphasize the importance of any positive feedback they receive from others.
D)are not as concerned about living up to other people's expectations as they prefer living up to their own standards.

Question 73

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to have slightly greater histories of ________ than people with no personality disorder.

A)physical neglect
B)physical illness
C)developmental delays
D)developmental disabilities

Question 74

Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with avoidant personality disorder?

A)Psychoticism
B)Detachment
C)Disinhibition
D)Antagonism

Question 75

Janice's friend invited her to a five-star restaurant.Janice became nervous when she saw the various pieces of silverware placed on the table.She felt that others were scrutinizing her every move and watching to see if she used the cutlery properly.Overwhelmed with anxiety, Janice left the restaurant without eating dinner.Janice would most likely be diagnosed with:

A)avoidant personality disorder.
B)schizotypal personality disorder.
C)borderline personality disorder.
D)dependent personality disorder.

Question 76

Which of the following statements about avoidant personality disorder is true?

A)Avoidant personality disorder can be treated successfully with short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
B)Avoidant personality disorder resembles schizoid personality disorder in that both disorders can be treated successfully with short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
C)Avoidant personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are similar in that both involve social isolation.
D)Avoidant personality disorder, social anxiety disorder, and schizoid personality disorder are all essentially the same disorder.

Question 77

Which of the following is widely used in treatment for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A)Antidepressants
B)Psychodynamic therapy
C)Light therapy
D)Relaxation techniques

Question 78

People with avoidant personality disorder:

A)tend to want to connect with others, unlike people with social anxiety disorder.
B)do not view themselves as inadequate and incompetent, unlike people with social anxiety disorder.
C)tend to have more severe and generalized anxiety about social situations than people with social anxiety disorder.
D)are not as impaired by their anxiety about social situations as are people diagnosed with social anxiety disorder.

Question 79

Cognitive theories suggest that people with ________ personality disorder harbor beliefs such as, "Flaws, defects, or mistakes are intolerable."

A)avoidant
B)schizotypal
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)dependent

Question 80

Under the DSM-5 criteria, which of the following pathological personality traits is associated with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A)Psychoticism
B)Detachment
C)Disinhibition
D)Negative affectivity