Deck 8: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

It is estimated that, within the United States, ________ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.

A)1 to 2
B)5 to 10
C)10 to 20
D)25 to 30

Answer 1

1 to 2

Question 2

Although she has never met the actor Chris Rock, June believes that he is in love with her.This is an example of a

A)hallucination.
B)paranoia.
C)deception.
D)delusion.

Answer 2

delusion.

Question 3

Sebastian believes his neighbor is watching him and waiting for a chance to steal his stamp collection.This false belief would be considered a

A)somatic delusion.
B)delusion of reference.
C)persecutory delusion.
D)grandiose delusion.

Answer 3

persecutory delusion.

Question 4

Psychosis refers to knowing the difference between:

A)right and wrong.
B)conscious and unconscious desires.
C)what is real and what is not real.
D)pleasure and pain.

Question 5

Which of the following is the most common type of delusion?

A)Persecutory delusions
B)Somatic delusions
C)Delusions of grandeur
D)Thought insertions

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)Hallucination
B)Disorganized thought
C)Avolition
D)Long-term amnesia

Question 7

According to the study conducted by Torrey (2006), the majority of people with schizophrenia:

A)are in rehabilitation centers or prisons.
B)are housed in shelters or live on the streets.
C)reside in supervised living facilities.
D)live independently or with their families.

Question 8

Religious delusions of having committed a sin are more common among individuals with schizophrenia from

A)remote Pacific islands.
B)the United States.
C)Japan.
D)Germany.

Question 9

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is true about recent research about the frequency at which mentally healthy people hear voices?

A)It is exceedingly rare
B)It is rare
C)It is not particularly uncommon
D)It is frequent

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between self-deceptions and delusions?

A)Delusions are possible, whereas self-deceptions often are not.
B)People harboring delusions think about their beliefs occasionally, but people with self-deceptions are constantly preoccupied with their beliefs.
C)People harboring self-deceptions attempt to convince others of these beliefs, but delusional people do no such thing.
D)People harboring self-deceptions typically acknowledge that their beliefs may be wrong, but delusional people often are resistant to arguments that contradict their delusions.

Question 11

________ are ideas that an individual believes are true but are highly unlikely and often simply impossible.

A)Hallucinations
B)Psychoses
C)Deceptions
D)Delusions

Question 12

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A)Restricted affect
B)Hallucinations
C)Anhedonia
D)Avolition

Question 13

People with ________ may believe that the comments of a local politician at a rally are directed at them.

A)delusions of thought insertion
B)somatic delusions
C)delusions of reference
D)grandiose delusion

Question 14

The contents of delusions vary across cultures and, within specific cultures, they may vary ________.

A)in intensity
B)over time
C)if the patient is institutionalized or not
D)in terms of humor or seriousness

Question 15

Ivan believes that aliens from a parallel universe are controlling his thoughts.Ivan is most likely experiencing a

A)persecutory delusion.
B)delusion of thought insertion.
C)grandiose delusion.
D)delusion of reference.

Question 16

Fred believes that the FBI has put a wiretap on his phone and that they are trying to entrap him.Most likely, Fred is experiencing a

A)thought insertion.
B)somatic delusion.
C)grandiose delusion.
D)persecutory delusion.

Question 17

A person with schizophrenia:

A)will only experience delusions with the same theme.
B)can only experience one delusion at time.
C)always experiences a persecutory delusion.
D)can experience several different delusions at the same time.

Question 18

Faith believes that she is the reincarnation of Cleopatra.Faith is most likely suffering from

A)persecutory delusions.
B)delusions of thought control.
C)grandiose delusion.
D)delusions of reference.

Question 19

Delusions are to ________ as hallucinations are to ________.

A)perceptions; thoughts
B)thoughts; feelings
C)thoughts; perceptions
D)perceptions; feelings

Question 20

What percentage of people diagnosed with psychotic disorders seek treatment in a mental health or general medicine facility in a given year?

A)40 percent
B)60 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 21

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A)Catatonia
B)Derailment
C)Avolition
D)Delusions

Question 22

Judith was experiencing sleep deprivation and thought that spiders were crawling on her skin.Judith was most likely experiencing a(n)

A)olfactory hallucination.
B)auditory hallucination.
C)somatic hallucination.
D)tactile hallucination.

Question 23

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is described as an inability to initiate or persist at common, goal-directed activities, including those at work, school, and home?

A)Alogia
B)Avolition
C)Affected flattening
D)Blunted affect

Question 24

Harry has difficulty remembering information.He cannot hold information in his memory long enough to manipulate and process it.Harry is most likely having difficulty with

A)long-term memory.
B)retrograde amnesia.
C)working memory.
D)neural sensory registers.

Question 25

A lack of responsiveness to the outside world is referred to as ________ in patients with schizophrenia.

A)disorganization
B)catatonia
C)disassociation
D)withdrawal

Question 26

T.J.was asked if he liked the song that was playing on the radio.His response was, "song too long, long to wrong, wrong not right, right not fight." This is known as

A)a word salad.
B)a neologism.
C)alogia.
D)clangs.

Question 27

Even when emotional experience is intact, people with schizophrenia have trouble predicting which of the following?

A)future emotional experience
B)future delusional experiences
C)future hallucinatory experiences
D)future work options

Question 28

Jerry hears voices accusing him of being a serial rapist.This is a(n)________ hallucination.

A)somatic
B)auditory
C)visual
D)tactile

Question 29

A person with schizophrenia may exhibit disorganized speech patterns that are completely incoherent to listeners.This is known as

A)blunted affect.
B)alogia.
C)avolition.
D)word salad.

Question 30

Schizophrenia was initially referred to as

A)psychotic mania.
B)dementia praecox.
C)multiple personality disorder.
D)catatonia.

Question 31

Ethel's conversations are hard to follow.She doesn't stay on the same topic, and there is no logical transition between topics.Ethel's speech is an example of

A)derailment.
B)alogia.
C)neologism.
D)avolition.

Question 32

Which of the following is the most common hallucination?

A)Visual
B)Auditory
C)Olfactory
D)Tactile

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true about the gender differences in disorganized thought and speech symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)Women with schizophrenia tend to show more severe deficits in language than do men with schizophrenia.
B)Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may not affect women's language and thought as much as they do men's because women can use both sides of their brain to compensate for problems.
C)Compared to women, language deficits are less apparent in men with schizophrenia owing to the fact that language is controlled more bilaterally in men.
D)Language is more localized in men, so when the areas of the brain associated with language are affected by schizophrenia, men are better able to compensate for the deficits than women.

Question 34

Katsuo has experienced a loss of the ability to experience pleasure.Katsuo is most likely exhibiting

A)avolition.
B)anhedonia.
C)aphasia.
D)alogia.

Question 35

________ are words that mean something only to the person speaking them.

A)Neologisms
B)Alogia
C)Word salads
D)Clangs

Question 36

A severe reduction or complete absence of emotional responses to the environment in people with schizophrenia is called

A)derailment.
B)word salad.
C)restricted affect.
D)neologism.

Question 37

It is difficult to understand what Carter is saying because he tends to slip from one topic to a seemingly unrelated topic with little coherent transition.Carter is exhibiting

A)clang association.
B)derailment.
C)avolition.
D)alogia.

Question 38

People with schizophrenia often have difficulties predicting how they will feel in the future leading to problems with ________ and ________.

A)aggression; violent behavior
B)anhedonia; aggression
C)motivation; decision making
D)love relationships; parenthood

Question 39

Hallucinations are:

A)unreal perceptual experiences.
B)beliefs that have no basis in reality.
C)odd ways of thinking.
D)thought insertions.

Question 40

Tabitha believes that an alien being is growing inside of her.Tabitha is most likely experiencing a(n)________ hallucination.

A)visual
B)somatic
C)auditory
D)tactile

Question 41

Compared to people with schizophrenia in developed countries, people with schizophrenia in developing countries:

A)are more likely to have a sole caretaker.
B)tend to have families that are more intrusive, hostile, and overinvolved.
C)are more likely to remain incapacitated by the disorder in the long term.
D)may have social environments that facilitate better adaptation and recovery.

Question 42

The psychiatrist credited with labeling schizophrenia as dementia praecox was

A)Alfred Adler.
B)Emil Kraepelin.
C)Joseph Breuer.
D)Eugene Bleuler.

Question 43

Prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are evident:

A)during the acute phase of the disorder.
B)when the disorder is in remission.
C)after the acute phase.
D)prior to onset of the acute phase.

Question 44

Compared to men with schizophrenia, women with schizophrenia:

A)tend to develop the disorder during their late teens or early 20s.
B)are hospitalized more often and for longer periods of time.
C)have poorer social adjustment when they are not psychotic.
D)show milder negative symptoms between periods of active-phase symptoms.

Question 45

People diagnosed with schizophrenia have a life-expectancy between ________ and ________ years shorter than people without the disorder.

A)30; 40
B)5; 10
C)10; 20
D)20; 30

Question 46

When are people diagnosed with schizophrenia more likely to commit suicide?

A)Twenty or more years after diagnosis
B)When recently diagnosed
C)When they learn that their siblings are also diagnosed
D)Following their 10th psychotic episode, on average

Question 47

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

A)are only seen in the acute phase of the disorder.
B)are most prominent in the prodromal and residual phases.
C)are present during the premorbid level of functioning.
D)are present only in the disorganized type of schizophrenia.

Question 48

Between ________ and ________ percent of people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide.

A)2; 5
B)5; 10
C)10; 15
D)15; 20

Question 49

Carlos has always functioned well but shows symptoms of schizophrenia for one to six months without the restricted affect.His prognosis is good, but he will most likely be diagnosed as having ________ disorder.

A)schizophreniform
B)schizoaffective
C)delusional
D)brief psychotic

Question 50

Emil Kraepelin gave the label "dementia praecox" to the disorder now known as schizophrenia because he believed that the disorder resulted from:

A)brain trauma.
B)a chronic deficit of neurotransmitters in the brain.
C)premature deterioration of the brain.
D)increased consumption of alcohol.

Question 51

Which of the following is true about the prognosis for people with schizophrenia?

A)35 to 50 percent of the people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide.
B)50 and 80 percent of the people with schizophrenia will be re-hospitalized at a later point in their lives for another episode.
C)Most people with schizophrenia show a progressive deterioration in functioning across their life span.
D)People with schizophrenia tend to suffer from fewer infectious and circulatory diseases than those without psychopathology.

Question 52

When are residual symptoms most evident?

A)During the acute phase of the disorder
B)During the catatonic phase of the disorder
C)After the acute phase of the disorder
D)Prior to onset of the acute phase of the disorder

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true of Eugen Bleuler's views on schizophrenia?

A)He viewed schizophrenia as a consequence of the splitting of distinct personalities.
B)He believed that schizophrenia involved the splitting of integrated psychic functions.
C)He argued that schizophrenia manifests due to the merging of unassociated threads.
D)He accepted that this disorder always leads to severe deterioration of the brain.

Question 54

Lawrence experienced delusions and hallucinations for two weeks and also had a manic episode following this two-week period.He continues to experience delusions and hallucinations.Lawrence will most likely receive a diagnosis of

A)mood disorder with psychotic features.
B)schizoaffective disorder.
C)shared psychotic disorder.
D)schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Question 55

The odd and eccentric behaviors seen in schizophrenia can resemble the symptoms of ________ disorder.

A)obsessive-compulsive
B)autism spectrum
C)histrionic personality
D)somatic symptom

Question 56

With regard to updates made in the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT true with respect to schizophrenia?

A)Delusions and/or hallucinations must be present.
B)The subtypes have been eliminated.
C)There is evidence of continued disturbance for at least six months.
D)Only the paranoid subtype still exists.

Question 57

Family members of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of having ________, and vice versa.

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)depression
C)borderline personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 58

The DSM-5 states that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show two or more symptoms of the psychosis consistently for at least

A)two weeks.
B)one month.
C)six months.
D)one year.

Question 59

What indication of a genetic connection between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is mentioned in the textbook?

A)Family members of people with schizophrenia never evidence bipolar disorder
B)Family member of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of having bipolar disorder
C)Sisters of schizophrenic patients have a 30 percent likelihood of having bipolar disorder.
D)Sisters of people with bipolar disorder have a 30 percent likelihood of being schizophrenic.

Question 60

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is a person most likely to overcome with the help of medication?

A)Avolition
B)Restricted affect
C)Alogia
D)Hallucinations

Question 61

Oxygen deprivation during labor and delivery is known as

A)perinatal hypoxia.
B)anoxia.
C)fetal oxygen deficit syndrome.
D)oxycephaly.

Question 62

What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic (MZ)twins?

A)Twelve percent for mild forms of schizophrenia
B)Between 35 and 50 percent for the most severe forms of schizophrenia
C)Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 46 percent
D)Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 14 percent

Question 63

Calista shows a pervasive pattern of social deficits and has a great deal of discomfort in close relationships.Her coworkers describe her as odd as she speaks in a peculiar manner, is often suspicious, and is inappropriate in her display of emotion.However, a diagnosis reveals no psychosis.Calista is most likely suffering from ________ disorder.

A)delusional
B)schizophrenia spectrum
C)schizotypal personality
D)schizophreniform

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true of delusional disorder?

A)Individuals have delusions that last at least one month, but do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia.
B)In addition to delusions, individuals also exhibit at least one other positive symptom of schizophrenia.
C)It appears to affect men more than women.
D)Its onset tends to be earlier in life than most disorders.

Question 65

People with schizophrenia who have enlarged ventricles:

A)are more likely to be women than men.
B)are less responsive to medication.
C)show an increase in volume of the prefrontal areas of the brain.
D)tend to have milder symptoms than other people with schizophrenia.

Question 66

Which of the following is true about factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia?

A)Strong evidence for a single genetic component to schizophrenia exists and fully explains the connection between genetics and the disorder.
B)All people with schizophrenia show structural and functional abnormalities in the brain including highly active prefrontal cortex and smaller ventricles.
C)Prenatal and birth difficulties have been implicated as factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia.
D)Prenatal exposure to viruses during the third trimester of gestation decreases the risk of developing schizophrenia as it allows the fetal immune system to build resistance.

Question 67

The ________ is important in language, emotional expression, planning, and carrying out plans, while the ________ plays a critical role in the formation of long-term memories.

A)thalamus; hypothalamus
B)prefrontal cortex; hippocampus
C)hippocampus; prefrontal cortex
D)hypothalamus; thalamus

Question 68

Which of the following statements is NOT true of dopamine and schizophrenia?

A)Several lines of evidence have supported the original dopamine theory that symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by excess levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe and limbic system.
B)Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional level of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
C)The traditional theory was proved too simple, and evidence supports that many people with schizophrenia do not respond to Phenothiazines, which may indicate that other neurotransmitters are involved in the disorder.
D)Critics of the original dopamine theory argue that the theory does not adequately explain the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 69

Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to play a role in schizophrenia?

A)Dopamine
B)Norepinephrine
C)Epinephrine
D)Acetylcholine

Question 70

When monozygotic (MZ)twins who were discordant for schizophrenia were compared with MZ twins who both had schizophrenia, researchers found that the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia:

A)possessed additional genetic material not found in members of the control group.
B)had the exact same DNA structure, thereby implicating environmental factors.
C)showed numerous differences in the molecular structure of their DNA.
D)had few, but noticeable, variations in their genetic makeup.

Question 71

Most theorists view schizophrenia as a ________ disorder.

A)neurodevelopmental
B)psychological
C)social
D)existential

Question 72

Julia suddenly experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech, but these symptoms lasted for only 3 days.She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A)schizoaffective
B)schizophreniform
C)delusional
D)brief psychotic

Question 73

According to the research of Irving Gottesman, which of the following children are at highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

A)A child with two biological parents and a monozygotic (MZ)twin who are schizophrenic
B)A child with two adoptive parents and a monozygotic (MZ)twin who are schizophrenic
C)A child with two biological parents and a dizygotic (DZ)twin who are schizophrenic
D)A child with one biological parent and a dizygotic (DZ)twin who are schizophrenic

Question 74

Jamal believes that he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms.Other than his delusion, he does not act oddly or have difficulty functioning.He is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A)delusional
B)schizophrenia spectrum
C)brief psychotic
D)schizophreniform

Question 75

Social drift refers to the:

A)impoverished social conditions that cause symptoms of schizophrenia.
B)tendency of people with schizophrenia to willingly isolate themselves, thus drifting away from social relationships.
C)likelihood that people with schizophrenia will be neglected by society.
D)tendency of people with schizophrenia to drift downward in social class.

Question 76

Which of the following is true about the neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia?

A)Excess dopamine activity in the amygdala and unusually low dopamine activity in the frontal cortex play a role in schizophrenia.
B)Research suggests that the interaction between serotonin and dopamine are not critical in schizophrenia.
C)Research suggests that glutamate neurons do not affect brain activities of people with schizophrenia.
D)Excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway and unusually low dopamine activity in the prefrontal area play a role in schizophrenia.

Question 77

Although evidence supports the theory of social drift with respect to people with schizophrenia, some recent research showed a different outcome.Which of the following statements reflects this more recent research?

A)Social drift theory is wrong
B)Social status and environment affect schizophrenia rather than just the other way around.
C)There are no possible additional risk factors to link social environment and economic status with schizophrenia.
D)Social drift theory has been entirely supplanted by biological factors.

Question 78

New research indicates that the interaction between ________ and dopamine is critical in schizophrenia.

A)adrenal
B)cortisol
C)serotonin
D)norepinephrine

Question 79

________ may play a role in the causal relationship between schizophrenia on the one hand and socioeconomic factors on the other.

A)Genetics
B)Epigenetics
C)Cortisol levels
D)A damaged amygdala

Question 80

In the DSM-5, schizotypal personality disorder is recognized as a part of

A)personality disorders.
B)schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
C)disorders of cognition.
D)both personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.