Deck 61: Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

The client who is prescribed vitamin K (phytonadione)asks the nurse,"How does the body normally receive this vitamin?" The most appropriate response by the nurse is "Vitamin K is:

A)obtained only by dietary consumption of dark green,leafy vegetables."
B)abundant in dairy products,such as such as milk,cheese,and yogurt."
C)synthesized during fetal development,and not a replaceable substance."
D)produced through bacterial action in the gastrointestinal tract."

Answer 1

produced through bacterial action in the gastrointestinal tract."

Question 2

The nurse would expect to administer injections of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)to a client with:

A)iron-deficiency anemia.
B)pernicious anemia.
C)sickle-cell anemia.
D)aplastic anemia.

Answer 2

pernicious anemia.

Question 3

The nurse who is caring for a group of elderly residents in a long-term care facility understands that the aging process influences the recommended dietary allowance (RDA)needs in this population.What statement by the nurse is most accurate concerning elderly adults?

A)"Normal aging causes a decline in skin turgor,producing an increase in metabolism of vitamins."
B)"Normal aging causes an increase in renal excretion of fat-soluble vitamins in the urine."
C)"Normal aging causes a stagnation of liver enzymes that aid in the dissection of water-soluble vitamins."
D)"Normal aging causes a reduction of gastric absorption,producing vitamin deficiencies."

Answer 3

"Normal aging causes a reduction of gastric absorption,producing vitamin deficiencies."

Question 4

What education should the nurse provide to the client who is prescribed riboflavin (vitamin B₂)?

A)"Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until the effects of the drug are known."
B)"Expect tingling in the extremities when first taking the drug,but this will decrease."
C)"Recognize that large doses of riboflavin can cause an intense yellow discoloration of urine,which is harmless."
D)"Take the vitamin supplement at the same time every day."

Question 5

The nurse has just completed education to a client regarding the differences between fat- and water-soluble vitamins.The client shows understanding of the teaching by listing which vitamins as fat soluble? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K
E)Vitamin C

Question 6

The school health nurse is discussing vitamin supplements with a group of parents at the monthly PTO meeting.What concept would the nurse include in the teaching about vitamin C?

A)Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron when the two are taken together.
B)Vitamin C will prevent the symptoms of the common cold.
C)Vitamin C is synthesized in all mammals and not required as a supplement.
D)Vitamin C should be taken in large doses to reach therapeutic level rapidly.

Question 7

The nurse is discussing vitamins with a group of pregnant women at a community center when one of the participants asks,"What vitamin deficiency during pregnancy is a frequent cause of spina bifida in newborn infants?" The nurse correctly responds by stating:

A)Folic acid (vitamin B₉)
B)Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)
C)Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
D)Manganese

Question 8

Which client would the nurse encourage to increase intake of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?

A)A client with insomnia due to work-related tension
B)A client with thinning hair and baldness
C)A postmenopausal older female client
D)A client with wounds from a motorcycle accident

Question 9

The client is a fitness enthusiast who adheres to a regimen of high vitamin supplement intake.Which vitamins would the nurse assess for hypervitaminosis? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Vitamin A (Aquasol A)
B)Vitamin E (Aquasol E)
C)Vitamin D (Rocaltrol)
D)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
E)Vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a client about the importance of the macromineral calcium in the diet.Which responses by the client indicate understanding of the information presented by the nurse? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)"Calcium is important for bone construction."
B)"Calcium is important for muscle contractions."
C)"Calcium is important for nerve conduction."
D)"Calcium is important for fluid balance."
E)"Calcium is important for a healthy immune system."

Question 11

The nurse is educating a client regarding the FDA regulations of dietary supplements.The nurse correctly states that which products are included in these regulations? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Vitamins
B)Minerals
C)Herbal products
D)Cough suppressants
E)Acetaminophen

Question 12

The nurse states that due to its abundance in food,thiamine deficiency in the United States is not common except in:

A)elderly people with heart failure.
B)pregnant women and children.
C)African American women.
D)alcoholics with chronic liver disease.

Question 13

The school nurse has presented a learning activity for a high school health promotion course.Which student statement indicates an understanding of water-soluble vitamins? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)"Vitamins C and B complex are the primary water-soluble vitamins."
B)"Water-soluble vitamins have the higher potential for toxicity and overdosing."
C)"Water-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body for weeks before excretion."
D)"All water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver."
E)"Daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is necessary."

Question 14

To promote a well-balanced diet,what information should the nurse who is helping the client select foods from the hospital menu take into account?

A)Vitamin supplementation can substitute for good nutrition.
B)Clients who cannot consume fat-soluble vitamins daily should be given a supplement.
C)Daily intake of water-soluble vitamins is essential to maintain and improve health.
D)All vitamins must be taken into the body by eating enriched foods.

Question 15

The nurse knows that the pharmacologic uses for magnesium include multiple pathologic conditions,including: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)diabetes.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)bowel evacuation.
D)anticonvulsant.
E)psychosis.

Question 16

The nurse caring for a client receiving cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂)for pernicious anemia would monitor which laboratory values during therapy?

A)Blood urea nitrogen,urine creatinine,and urinalysis
B)Reticulocyte count,erythrocyte,hemoglobin,and hematocrit
C)Liver function studies,including bilirubin,albumin,and alkaline phosphatase
D)Serum sodium,potassium,magnesium,and chloride levels

Question 17

The client with Parkinsonism asks the nurse why vitamin B₆ should be avoided.Which response would be most appropriate for the nurse?

A)"The vitamin is excreted in the feces and bile."
B)"The vitamin causes mental confusion and hallucinations in people with Parkinson disease."
C)"The vitamin reverses or antagonizes the therapeutic effects of some anti-Parkinson drugs"
D)"The vitamin increases the amount of dopamine entering the brain and promotes levodopa production."

Question 18

The nurse is educating a group of consumers regarding the governmental regulations of vitamins.The nurse correctly states that which standards mandated manufacturers to evaluate supplements for purity,strength,and composition?

A)Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
B)Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)Regulations
C)Division of Dietary Supplement Programs
D)The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences