Deck 58: Review of the Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

A client with cirrhosis of the liver asks the nurse why the liver is so important to bodily function.How can the nurse respond most accurately? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)"The liver helps the body synthesize bile."
B)"The liver helps the body synthesize plasma proteins."
C)"The liver helps the body retain ammonia."
D)"The liver synthesizes glucose for use by the body."
E)"The liver synthesizes clotting factors."

Answer 1

"The liver helps the body synthesize bile."
"The liver helps the body synthesize plasma proteins."
"The liver synthesizes clotting factors."

Question 2

A nurse is planning to administer acetaminophen (Tylenol)per rectum to a client.The nurse expects:

A)Onset of action to be slower than that of the oral route.
B)Onset of action to be faster than that of the oral route.
C)Onset of action to be faster than that of the intravenous route.
D)The onset of constipation.

Answer 2

Onset of action to be slower than that of the oral route.

Question 3

What strong acid in the stomach helps to break down food,activates pepsinogen,and kills ingested microbes?

A)Lactic acid
B)Acetoacetic acid
C)Carbonic acid
D)Hydrochloric acid

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

A client is scheduled to have a segment of the terminal ileum removed secondary to cancer.The nurse anticipates this client is risk for:

A)Atelectasis.
B)Decubitus ulcers.
C)Pernicious anemia.
D)Sepsis.

Question 5

A client has been taking oral antibiotic therapy for 3 days when she develops diarrhea.The most likely cause of the diarrhea is:

A)disruption of normal flora.
B)idiopathic causes.
C)hospital-acquired infection.
D)fluid volume excess.

Question 6

A client is complaining of esophageal reflux.In order for stomach contents to reflux backward,the nurse knows they must go through:

A)the pyloric sphincter.
B)the cardiac sphincter.
C)the urethral sphincter.
D)Oddi's sphincter.

Question 7

In some clients,ingestion bypasses the mouth and delivers nutrients directly into the stomach or small intestine.An example of this would be the client with:

A)a Salem Sump feeding tube.
B)total parenteral nutrition (TPN)via central venous catheter.
C)partial parenteral nutrition (PPN)via intravenous catheter.
D)an ileostomy.

Question 8

The nurse is planning care for a client with hepatitis.The nurse anticipates that drug metabolism:

A)will not be affected.
B)will never occur.
C)might be delayed.
D)might be accelerated.

Question 9

A client is scheduled to undergo gastric bypass surgery.Which structures does the nurse include in a discussion about accessory organs of digestion? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Salivary glands
B)Liver
C)Stomach
D)Gallbladder
E)Pancreas

Question 10

Which assessment finding would indicate to the nurse that a client's gastrointestinal tract is functioning adequately?

A)Peristaltic waves seen upon inspection of the abdomen
B)Lack of a bowel movement for several days
C)Hypoactive bowel sounds in all four quadrants of the abdomen
D)Active bowel sounds in all four quadrants of the abdomen

Question 11

The nurse identifies that the most important accessory digestive organ is the:

A)gallbladder.
B)teeth.
C)liver.
D)duodenum.

Question 12

In administering medications,the nurse is aware that most drugs are excreted by the kidneys after being metabolized by the:

A)gallbladder.
B)liver.
C)small intestine.
D)pancreas.

Question 13

The nurse is aware that which structure does not secrete digestive enzymes?

A)Esophagus
B)Small intestine
C)Salivary glands
D)Stomach

Question 14

The nurse is performing a head-to-toe assessment of a client and would expect to palpate the liver in which quadrant?

A)Right lower quadrant
B)Left upper quadrant
C)Right upper quadrant
D)Left lower quadrant

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a newborn who has been NPO since birth.Due to the lack of normal flora in the GI tract,the nurse anticipates the infant will require supplementation with: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)vitamin A.
B)vitamin B-complex.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin K.
E)electrolytes.

Question 16

The small intestine is alkaline in nature.Which organ is responsible for raising the pH of the small intestine?

A)Pancreas
B)Large intestine
C)Gallbladder
D)Liver

Question 17

The nurse is teaching a client about the importance of enzymes to digestion.The nurse explains that digestive enzymes are secreted by the: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)salivary glands.
B)stomach.
C)large intestine.
D)small intestine.
E)liver.

Question 18

Because of the first-pass effect,clients may require:

A)a larger dose of oral medication than of intravenous medication.
B)a smaller dose of oral medication than of rectal medication.
C)a smaller dose of oral medication than of intravenous medication.
D)the same oral and intravenous dosage of a medication.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a client with liver damage.Which process by the liver might be impaired?

A)Production of bile
B)Storage of bile
C)Secretion of insulin
D)Secretion of somatostatin

Question 20

The nurse is aware that the alimentary canal extends from the:

A)esophagus to the small intestine.
B)stomach to the large intestine.
C)mouth to the anus.
D)mouth to the liver.

Question 21

The GI tract is regulated by local reflexes known as the:

A)parasympathetic nervous system.
B)sympathetic nervous system.
C)enteric nervous system.
D)central nervous system.

Question 22

A client with severe anxiety asks the nurse if anxiety can affect the stomach and digestion.What is the nurse's most accurate response?

A)"Everyone with anxiety develops irritable bowel disease."
B)"Mental health conditions do not affect digestive processes."
C)"Mental health conditions can affect digestive processes."
D)"I will ask your doctor to speak with you about this."

Question 23

The nurse is preparing to administer 10 a.m.medications to a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit.Which medications will bypass the first-pass effect of the liver? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Topical nitroglycerin
B)Sublingual nitroglycerin
C)Rectal diazepam
D)Buccal nitroglycerin
E)IV diazepam

Question 24

The nurse caring for a group of clients on a psychiatric-mental health unit expects that symptoms affecting both appetite and digestive processes may be exhibited by: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)the client with depression.
B)the client with schizophrenia.
C)the client with bipolar disorder.
D)the client with generalized anxiety disorder.
E)the client experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 25

The nurse is reviewing medication orders for a client and anticipates that which medications may cause adverse effects due to their extended half-life caused by enterohepatic recirculation? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Digoxin
B)Morphine
C)Demerol
D)Fentanyl
E)Estrogen

Question 26

A client asks how the nutrients from food enter the blood.How can the nurse best explain this process?

A)"When food hits the stomach,hydrochloric acid liquefies it and transports it into your blood."
B)"Chemical digestion breaks down food molecules into simpler substances."
C)"Only nutrients from liquid sources make it into the blood.That is why it is important to drink fluids with meals."
D)"The teeth and saliva break food into their smallest portions and transport nutrients to the blood."

Question 27

The school nurse explains during health class that blood travels from the intestine to the liver in which fashion?

A)Through an artery
B)Through a vein
C)Through osmosis
D)Through active transport

Question 28

The nurse is preparing to administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet.With regard to the first-pass effect,the nurse understands that:

A)The first-pass effect will decrease the drug's effectiveness by one-third.
B)Drugs given sublingually are subject to the first-pass effect.
C)The first-pass effect will neutralize this drug's effect.
D)Drugs given sublingually bypass the first-pass effect.

Question 29

The nurse teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)about digestion explains that the process is regulated by: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)hormones.
B)the sympathetic nervous system.
C)medications.
D)peristalsis.
E)the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 30

The nurse is planning care for a group of clients and determines that the client most likely to experience malnutrition from a lack of digestive enzymes is the client with:

A)pancreatic disorder.
B)pernicious anemia.
C)the jaw wired closed.
D)a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)tube.