Deck 54: Pharmacotherapy of Non-Hiv Viral Infections

Question 1

The nurse caring for which client would order for acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A)Client with hepatitis B
B)Client with varicella-zoster
C)Client with herpes simplex 2 encephalitis
D)Client with cytomegalovirus

Answer 1

Client with hepatitis B

Question 2

A client who has been hospitalized with a viral infection asks the nurse why the doctor did not prescribe a medication.The nurse explains that with some viruses,drug therapy is not warranted because:

A)some viruses are self-limiting,and adverse effects can occur.
B)the drugs are not strong enough for effective treatment.
C)most drugs work for only a short period.
D)some drugs work only on prevention,not treatment.

Answer 2

some viruses are self-limiting,and adverse effects can occur.

Question 3

The nurse would anticipate administering antiviral medications to which clients in the emergency department? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)A client with an initial outbreak of the herpes-simplex virus
B)A client with ringworm
C)An infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D)A client with hepatitis
E)A client with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 3

A client with an initial outbreak of the herpes-simplex virus
An infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A client with hepatitis

Question 4

The nurse is aware that to achieve the most therapeutic effects,the best time to administer oseltamivir (Tamiflu)or zanamivir (Relenza)is:

A)as soon as the client has been exposed to someone with influenza.
B)any time during the course of the illness.
C)at the same time as the vaccine.
D)within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

Question 5

Lamivudine targets which stage in the pathogenesis of a viral infection?

A)Lamivudine inhibits the release of the virus.
B)Lamivudine inhibits penetration of the viral material.
C)Lamivudine inhibits viral replication.
D)Lamivudine inhibits attachment at the receptor site.

Question 6

The health care provider orders amantadine (Symmetrel)for a client with influenza.Which part of the client's health history would the nurse report to the health care provider prior to administering amantadine (Symmetrel)?

A)Epilepsy
B)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C)Diabetes mellitus
D)Allergy to shellfish

Question 7

It is crucial for the nurse to monitor which laboratory tests when a client is taking acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A)Fasting and postprandial blood glucose
B)White blood count (WBC)and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C)Blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine,and complete blood count (CBC)
D)Viral culture and urinalysis

Question 8

A client wants to be vaccinated against viral hepatitis.The nurse would inform the client that a vaccine is available for:

A)Hepatitis B only.
B)Hepatitis A (HAV)and B (HAB).
C)Hepatitis non-A non-B.
D)Hepatitis B and C.

Question 9

Which statement is accurate regarding non-HIV antiviral drugs?

A)Antivirals decrease the effects of the host cell's biological processes.
B)Research on antivirals has yielded more useful results than has research on antibacterials.
C)Antivirals have fewer adverse effects than antibiotics.
D)Antivirals have a narrow spectrum of coverage.

Question 10

The client receives acyclovir (Zovirax)for treatment of genital herpes.What is a priority assessment by the nurse?

A)Increased serum creatinine
B)Thrombocytopenia
C)Respiratory distress
D)Auditory and visual hallucinations

Question 11

Antiviral medications work by inhibiting or stopping a stage of viral replication.Which statements are descriptions of these stages? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.Choice

A)Attachment of the virus to the host cell Choice
B)Destruction of host cell DNA. Choice
C)Synthesis of the viral nucleic acid and proteins by the host cell Choice
D)Assembly of all viral components,structural proteins,enzymes,and nucleic acids Choice
E)Release of virions from the host cell

Question 12

The synthesis stage of viral replication for viruses includes:

A)the virus living dormant in the environment for months to years.
B)the cell bursting and releasing viral particles throughout the host.
C)the virus penetrating the host cell in order to "inject" its genetic material into the host.
D)the virus replicating by making viral capsid proteins and enzymes.

Question 13

A client telephones the nurse to report fatigue since starting ribavirin therapy 4 months ago.The client has also developed shortness of breath over the past week,which has been worsening.What should the nurse tell the client?

A)"This is a normal adverse effect of this medication.Take it easy,and your symptoms will resolve."
B)"Stop taking the medication.Your health care provider will try another medication for hepatitis treatment."
C)"These symptoms could be signs of an allergy to the medication.Take an antihistamine and see if you notice improvement."
D)"You should come into the office to have some blood work done for possible hemolytic anemia."

Question 14

A client is being treated with antiviral pharmacotherapy.The nurse understands that treatment with antiviral drugs is extremely challenging because:

A)their broad spectrum causes severe adverse effects.
B)the drug scheduling makes compliance difficult.
C)the rapid mutation of viruses quickly makes drugs ineffective.
D)high doses of medication are required to achieve therapeutic effects.

Question 15

During an in-service on viruses,the nurse describes the components of a viral envelope,including: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)phospholipids.
B)glycoprotein.
C)protein "spikes."
D)glucose.
E)carbohydrate.

Question 16

The nurse teaches a client with genital herpes that a virus is known as an intracellular parasite because:

A)it is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.
B)it affects only one species of living organism.
C)it contains DNA or RNA,but not necessarily both.
D)it is incapable of causing infection unless it has invaded a host cell.

Question 17

Several clients are receiving the antiviral medication acyclovir.Which orders from the health care provider would the nurse question? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)Acyclovir IM
B)Acyclovir IV
C)Acyclovir cream
D)Acyclovir by mouth
E)Acyclovir by SQ

Question 18

To minimize the potential for kidney damage associated with giving acyclovir intravenously,the nurse will:

A)decrease the client's protein intake two days before and two days after treatment.
B)hydrate the client intravenously during and for 2 hours after the infusion.
C)discontinue the infusion if there is any concern about a potential increase in levels of BUN.
D)limit oral fluids during infusion.

Question 19

The role of the capsid in the viral structure includes:

A)facilitating viral replication involving RNA and DNA.
B)allowing for release of the viral infection from the host.
C)triggering body defenses to remove the invader.
D)helping the virus attach to the cell membrane of the host.

Question 20

A client is concerned about contracting influenza and asks about vaccination.The best response by the nurse would be:

A)"Once you are vaccinated,protection with the vaccination begins after about 2 weeks."
B)"The infectious particles are not easily spread,and you can wait on vaccination until the flu becomes prevalent this season."
C)"You would only need to be vaccinated if you are older than 50."
D)"Once you are vaccinated,you will only need a booster every 2 years."

Question 21

Considering potential harmful side effects,which system would the nurse address as a priority area of assessment when a client is given lamivudine (Epivir)?

A)Cardiac
B)Renal
C)Hepatic
D)Pulmonary

Question 22

The nurse determines that instruction of a client taking ganciclovir (Cytovene)is effective when the client states:

A)"I can take this medication on an empty stomach."
B)"This medication is OK to take during pregnancy."
C)"I should avoid becoming pregnant while on this medication."
D)"I can stop taking the medication when my symptoms are gone."

Question 23

For which groups of clients would the community nurse recommend vaccination for hepatitis B? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.Standard Text: Select all that apply.

A)All infants
B)Sexually active people in a monogamous relationship
C)IV drug abusers
D)Homosexual males
E)Persons with end-stage renal disease