Deck 32: Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Question 1

Linnaeus lumped all of the worm-like animals into the category Vermes (Vermis is Latin for worm).Is this a valid classification scheme?

A)No,because some worms are protists.
B)Yes,because all worms are members of the same phylum.
C)Yes,because all worm-like animals are more closely related to each other than they are to other animals.
D)No,because the worm-like body plan has appeared many times through evolutionary history and is not a useful trait for classification.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Eumetazoa can be subdivided into two principal branches based on ________.

Answer 2

symmetry

Question 3

A mixture of DNA fragments is amplified from a sample of ocean water.Which gene(s)could be definitively categorized as originating from a species of animal?

A)Genes for ATP synthase
B)Genes for RuBisCO
C)Gene for Spongin
D)Cell cycle regulatory genes
E)Genes for biosynthesis of chitin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In a ________ circulatory system,circulation of blood is more controlled-the blood is moved faster and more efficiently than in other types of circulatory systems.

Question 5

Despite their seemingly simple anatomy and radial symmetry,________ are a type of deuterostome,and closely related to the chordates.(Check all that apply.)

A)Jellyfish
B)Sea urchins
C)Sea stars
D)Acoel flatworms
E)Anemones

Question 6

In all deuterostomes,the cells divide parallel to and at right angles to the polar axis.This pattern is called ________.

Question 7

Two outwardly dissimilar groups,the ________ and the chordates,together with a few other small phyla,constitute the deuterostomes.

Question 8

Touching a jellyfish can be a very painful experience whereas touching a comb jelly is not painful.Why is there a difference?

A)Nematocysts in ctenophores lack venom.
B)Ctenophores have very reduced nematocysts that cannot penetrate human skin.
C)Ctenphores do not possess nematocysts.
D)Ctenophores only use nematocycts for feeding,not for defense.

Question 9

A researcher is using molecular phylogenetic techniques to determine the evolutionary relationships of a large set of animal species.Which type of species are most likely to have been wrongly classified based on morphology alone?

A)Parasitic species
B)Aquatic species
C)Bilateral species
D)Terrestrial species
E)Species with spiral development

Question 10

Protostomes develop through

A)spiral cleavage.
B)radial cleavage.
C)axial cleavage.
D)polar cleavage.
E)protocleavage.

Question 11

How could a biologist distinguish an acoel flatworm from a free living platyhelminth?

A)The acoel worm would be solid throughout,since it lacks a gut.
B)The acoel worm would have a nervous system.
C)The platyhelminth would have a more primitive gut and nervous system.
D)Only the acoel is triploblastic.

Question 12

In the animal subkingdom ________,the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs.

Question 13

A scientist is studying some developing eggs from an ocean sample.The early embryos have divided only a few times,and all cells look identical.When the scientist carefully removes half the cells from an embryo,both clumps of cells are able to complete development,forming twins.The eggs can be identified as

A)deuterostomes.
B)protostomes.
C)crustaceans.
D)cnidarians.
E)echinoderms.

Question 14

The embryonic layer found only in bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans is the ________.

Question 15

Of the following features,which is the most widely shared in the animal kingdom?

A)protostome development
B)radial cleavage
C)molting of a cuticle or exoskeleton
D)a body plan with symmetry
E)a triploblastic embryo

Question 16

Animals with a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm are ________.

Question 17

Damage to its flagellum would prevent a choanocyte from

A)circulating water through the sponge.
B)stinging and capturing prey.
C)secreting spongin to form the sponge body.
D)producing the supportive spicules.

Question 18

Given the distribution of the 30 or so animal phyla across the Earth's various ecosystems,what would be the most likely habitat for the origin of animals?

A)Rain forests
B)Freshwater habitats
C)Deserts
D)Oceans
E)Temperate grassland

Question 19

Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes,which choice is correct?

A)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore,and the anus or anal pore develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
B)Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore,and the mouth develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
C)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore,and the anus or anal pore develops from the second opening.Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development.
D)Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore,depending on the species.Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore,depending on the species.

Question 20

Pseudocoelomate nematodes lack a body cavity.

A)Correct; their pseudocoel does not allow for the development and expansion of organs.
B)Incorrect; their body cavity is fully enclosed by ectoderm but is a functional body cavity.
C)Correct; they are solid from the gut to the cuticle.
D)Incorrect; although not fully enclosed by mesoderm the pseudocoel is a body cavity.

Question 21

Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into segments or metameres.True segmentation is found in which of the following phyla?

A)Annelida,Mollusca,Arthropoda
B)Echinodermata,Platyhelminthes,Cnidaria
C)Mollusca,Chordata,Annelida
D)Arthropoda,Chordata,Porifera
E)Arthropoda,Annelida,Chordata

Question 22

Parazoa

A)are pseudocoelomates.
B)exhibit bilateral symmetry.
C)include Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
D)exhibit primitive segmentation.
E)have no true tissues.

Question 23

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Bryozoa?

A)radial symmetry
B)lophophore
C)Parazoa
D)deuterostome
E)radial cleavage

Question 24

Select the following phylum that includes protostome animals that are segmented,bilaterally symmetric,and have a chitinous exoskeleton.

A)Arthropoda
B)Annelida
C)Mollusca
D)Brachiopoda
E)Platyhelminthes

Question 25

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Cnidaria?

A)radial symmetry
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)triploblastic
E)protostome

Question 26

Molecular data confirm that cnidarians branched off from the rest of animals before ________ evolved.

A)echinoderms
B)Porifera
C)mollusks
D)bilateral symmetry
E)arthropods

Question 27

Select the following phylum that includes coelomate,bilaterian animals that have a structure called a notochord.

A)Echinodermata
B)Annelida
C)Arthropoda
D)Mollusca
E)Chordata

Question 28

Which one of the following applies to the phylum Ctenophora?

A)often bioluminescent marine animals
B)protostome
C)coelomate
D)deuterostome
E)Parazoa

Question 29

Select the phylum that includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have radial symmetry as adults.

A)Porifera
B)Rotifera
C)Echinodermata
D)Chordata
E)Cnidaria

Question 30

Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as

A)acoelomates.
B)pseudocoelomates.
C)triploblastic.
D)coelomates.
E)diploblastic.

Question 31

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Arthropoda?

A)radial symmetry
B)diploblastic
C)coelomate
D)Parazoa
E)deuterostome

Question 32

Select the following phylum that includes animals that are unsegmented,acoelomate,and have a digestive cavity with a single opening.

A)Annelida
B)Platyhelminthes
C)Nematoda
D)Cnidaria
E)Rotifera

Question 33

Which one of the following features is unique to animals?

A)cells organized into tissues
B)movement associated with muscle tissue and nervous tissue
C)heterotrophism
D)cells without walls
E)embryonic development

Question 34

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Nematoda?

A)Parazoa
B)diploblastic
C)deuterostome
D)pseudocoelomate

Question 35

Which of the following terms is mismatched with its meaning or characteristics?

A)Diploblastic-ectoderm and mesoderm
B)Triploblastic-ectoderm,mesoderm,and endoderm
C)Parazoa-lacks symmetry; no tissues
D)Eumetazoa-definite symmetry; tissues organized
E)Chordate-animal with notochord

Question 36

A biologist discovered a new animal.Upon studying its embryonic development,she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus.This animal was categorized as a

A)parazoan.
B)radiata.
C)deuterostome.
D)protostome.
E)pseudocoelomate.

Question 37

What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?

A)Cnidaria,Mollusca,Platyhelminthes
B)Porifera,Arthropoda,Nematoda
C)Nematoda,Chordata,Cnidaria
D)Mollusca,Arthropoda,Chordata
E)Platyhelminthes,Nematoda,Arthropoda

Question 38

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A)radial cleavage
B)protostome
C)diploblastic
D)acoelomate
E)radial symmetry

Question 39

Which one of the following terms applies to the phylum Mollusca?

A)protostome
B)pseudocoelomate
C)Parazoa
D)diploblastic
E)asymmetry

Question 40

In animals that display indeterminate development

A)embryonic cells have a predetermined fate.
B)bilateral symmetry cannot develop.
C)early embryonic cells,if separated from the embryo,can develop into complete organisms.
D)embryonic cells show spiral cleavage.
E)the blastopore develops into the mouth.

Question 41

Which of the following describes what is currently known about Ctenophore symmetry?

A)Ctenophores are diploblasts with bilateral symmetry.
B)Ctenophores are possibly triploblasts because of muscle cells derived from mesoderm.
C)Ctenophores are bilaterians.
D)Ctenophores are lacking symmetry.

Question 42

Which of the following characteristics applies to humans?

A)protostomes
B)determinate growth
C)acoelomate
D)deuterostomes