Deck 29: Seedless Plants

Question 1

Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses,liverworts,and hornworts have been called

A)gametophytes.
B)sporophytes.
C)angiosperms.
D)gymnosperms.
E)bryophytes.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Cooksonia is a genus of very early tracheophyte plants.Unlike modern tracheophytes they only grew to a few centimeters in height.What feature provides the best explanation for their diminutive size?

A)They completely lacked vascular tissues.
B)They did not have stomata.
C)They consisted of only photosynthetic stems,not roots or leaves.
D)Cooksonia species were not autotrophic.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In all seed plants,male and female ________ develop within the parent sporophyte and are completely dependent on it for nutrition and water.

Answer 3

gametophytes

Question 4

Plants and their predecessors,green algae,do not share the property of

A)containing chlorophylls a and b,and carotenoids.
B)containing cellulose-rich cell walls.
C)containing a system of roots and stems.
D)containing starch as the primary food storage product.
E)forming a cell plate during cytokinesis.

Question 5

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses,liverworts,and hornworts,which anchor them to the substrate are called

A)rhizoids.
B)tap roots.
C)fibrous roots.
D)specialized roots.
E)storage roots.

Question 6

The aquatic ancestry of bryophytes is most clearly demonstrated by what character?

A)the use of flagellated motile sperm
B)mycorrhizal associations with fungi
C)a nutritionally dependent sporophyte
D)the production of a sporangium

Question 7

In which of these groups does it appear that the cuticle evolved?

A)Streptophytes
B)Bryophytes
C)Algae
D)Land plants
E)Pterophytes

Question 8

What is a 15 meter tall tree fern?

A)a gametophyte
B)haploid
C)produced by meiosis
D)a sporophyte

Question 9

The first plants clearly evolved from an organism that,if it existed today,would be classified as a multicellular green ________.

Question 10

Why is a rhizoid not considered a true root?

A)Rhizoids lack the capacity to anchor mosses into the substrate.
B)Rhizoids are not capable of absorbing water.
C)True roots have mycorrhizal fungi.
D)Rhizoids lack xylem tissue.
E)Only true roots are capable of nitrogen fixation.

Question 11

Which plants are characterized by a conducting system,the possession of cuticles,specialized stems,and roots,stomata,and,in many species,seeds?

A)liverworts
B)mosses
C)tracheophyte
D)horsetails
E)club mosses

Question 12

Which of the following represents a monophyletic group?

A)mosses,liverworts,and hornworts
B)ferns and club mosses
C)ferns,whisk ferns,and horsetails
D)liverworts and hornworts
E)Charophytes and mosses

Question 13

Plants have a ________ life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages are multicellular.

Question 14

Why are most bryophytes less than 10 cm tall?

A)They have underdeveloped stomata.
B)They are seedless.
C)They lack a cuticle.
D)The have conducting cells instead of tracheids.
E)They have no H₂O transport mechanisms.

Question 15

A waxy cuticle prevents desiccation.What is the cost of this adaptation?

A)Lowered light absorption
B)Reduced gas permeability
C)Slower H₂O transport
D)Increased exposure to damaging UV radiation
E)Increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection

Question 16

Azolla filiculoides is a small aquatic fern that is typically 1-2 cm tall.How would a botanist distinguish it from a bryophyte?

A)It produces seeds.
B)It has xylem tissue.
C)It has a gametophyte.
D)It has chloroplasts.

Question 17

The development of tracheids helped land plants to

A)resist desiccation.
B)protect the genome from UV exposure.
C)grow to very large sizes.
D)absorb H₂O from stems and leaves.
E)take in more CO_2.

Question 18

In plants,the sporophyte generation produces ________ as a result of meiosis.

Question 19

Hepaticophytes lack stomata and tracheids.What would provide evidence to justify their inclusion in the Bryophytes and not the Charophytes?

A)Cellulose in their cell walls
B)Genes for ABA signalling
C)The use of chlorophyll
D)A haplodiplontic lifecycle

Question 20

Bryophytes,like ferns and certain other tracheophyte plants,require

A)air to reproduce sexually.
B)water to reproduce sexually.
C)soil to reproduce sexually.
D)shade to reproduce sexually.
E)sunlight to reproduce sexually.

Question 21

All of the following statements about ferns are correct except

A)ferns flourish in many habitats,but the majority are located in the tropics.
B)the sporophyte is a conspicuous generation.
C)the gametophyte is a conspicuous generation.
D)ferns have underground stems called rhizomes.
E)sori are located on the back or ventral surface of fronds.

Question 22

To reproduce sexually,bryophytes require

A)heterospory.
B)free water external to the plant.
C)high temperatures.
D)solar energy.
E)insect pollination.

Question 23

A bryologist (a scientist that studies mosses,and their allies)gives a lecture to your biology class.In her lecture,she makes a reference to fern reproduction.She says,"Fern spores germinate into ________."

A)gametophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
B)gametophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate
C)sporophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
D)sporophytes,which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate

Question 24

Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except

A)mosses.
B)liverworts.
C)hornworts.
D)Charophytes.
E)Pterophytes.

Question 25

Tracheophyte plants are characterized by all of the following except

A)specialized conducting systems.
B)waxy cuticle.
C)stomata.
D)homospory or heterospory.
E)seeds.

Question 26

Survival on land for organisms is difficult because of the problem of

A)desiccation.
B)pollination.
C)syngamy.
D)spore germination.
E)coevolution.

Question 27

Hornworts differ from mosses and liverworts in containing

A)small leaves.
B)sporophytes.
C)photosynthetic sporophytes.
D)gametophytes.
E)spores.

Question 28

Which one of the following structures in the moss life cycle is not haploid?

A)germinating spore
B)antheridium
C)sperm
D)spore mother cell
E)rhizoid tissue

Question 29

The dominant stage in the life cycle of tracheophyte plants is the

A)epiphyte generation.
B)sporophyte generation.
C)spore generation.
D)gametophyte generation.
E)angiosperm generation.

Question 30

Among the bryophytes,which of the following contain distinct stemlike axis,small leaves,and rootlike rhizoids?

A)liverworts
B)hornworts
C)mosses
D)algae
E)cycads

Question 31

Plants as well as brown,green,and red algae show a basic life cycle which involves the alternation of generations between a(n)

A)spore and pollen.
B)megaspore and a microspore.
C)seed and a cone.
D)sporophyte and a gametophyte.
E)egg and a sperm.

Question 32

The most abundant group of seedless tracheophyte plants are the

A)club mosses.
B)horse tails.
C)angiosperms.
D)ferns.
E)gymnosperms.

Question 33

Whisk ferns,club mosses,and horsetails have all the following characteristics in common with ferns except

A)all of these plants are seedless tracheophyte plants.
B)all of these plants produce flagellated sperm.
C)all of these plants form antheridia and archegonia.
D)all of these plants require free water for the process of fertilization to occur.
E)all of these plants have no vascular tissue.

Question 34

Which one of the following statements about haplodiplontic life cycles is false?

A)For each gene,cells of the gametophyte stage have a single allele.
B)Spore mother cells produce haploid spores by meiosis.
C)The gametophyte stage produces gametes by mitosis.
D)The zygote is the only diploid cell in the sporophyte stage.
E)Mitosis occurs in both sporophyte and gametophyte stages.

Question 35

Which of the following groups is most closely related to the tracheophytes?

A)Bryophytes
B)Charophytes
C)Rhodophytes
D)Chlorophytes

Question 36

Which of the following features are common to both moss leaves and true leaves?

A)vascular strands
B)chlorophyll a and b
C)all the cells are haploid
D)except at the midrib only one cell thick
E)stomata

Question 37

The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in

A)mosses,liverworts,and ferns.
B)angiosperms.
C)gymnosperms.
D)tracheophytes.
E)seed plants.

Question 38

Plant success on the terrestrial landscape is linked to the evolution of all of the following except

A)specialized roots.
B)stems.
C)specialized reproductive features.
D)increased area for photosynthesis in the leaves.
E)gas-filled air spaces.

Question 39

Advances in molecular systematics show that whisk ferns and horsetails are the closest living relatives of

A)mosses.
B)club mosses.
C)seed plants.
D)gymnosperms.
E)ferns.

Question 40

In tracheophyte plants,water and dissolved minerals are conducted away from roots by

A)water vessels.
B)stomata.
C)phloem tubes.
D)xylem tubes.
E)chloroplasts.

Question 41

Which one of the following traits would be found in a typical fern but not a moss?

A)homospory
B)tracheids
C)gametophytes with rhizoids
D)antheridia
E)a sporophyte generation

Question 42

For which of the following organisms is the sporophyte stage the dominant stage in the life cycle?

A)charophyte
B)fern
C)green alga Chlamydomonas
D)moss
E)liverwort

Question 43

Which one of the following statements about a typical fern life cycle is false?

A)Sori contain sporangia.
B)Spores are haploid.
C)Gametophytes have rhizomes.
D)Gametes are produced by mitosis.
E)The sporophyte grows out of an archegonium.

Question 44

How do lycophytes differ from bryophytes?

A)Lycophytes have tracheids.
B)Lycophytes produce seeds.
C)Lycophytes use flowers for reproduction.
D)The dominant stage in a lycophyte is the gametophyte.