Deck 13: Therapies

Question 1

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ________.

A) clearer awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions
B) basic training in observational learning and practice
C) help in understanding perceptual processes
D) feedback from their biologically controlled responses

Answer 1

clearer awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

Question 2

The use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders is called ________.

A) psychopathology
B) psychotherapy
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) psychodynamics

Answer 2

psychotherapy

Question 3

A relatively _______ percentage of people who seek therapy go into traditional _______.

A) small; client-centered therapy
B) small; psychoanalysis
C) large; client-centered therapy
D) large; psychotherapy

Answer 3

small; psychoanalysis

Question 4

In ____________, therapists try to reflect client statements.

A) client-centered therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) behavioral therapy

Question 5

Bringing hidden feelings to consciousness is the goal of ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) rational-emotive
C) behavior
D) client-centered

Question 6

In psychoanalysis, "working through" provides people with ________.

A) a way to express positive transference
B) the analyst's interpretation of their problems
C) a chance to review and revise their response to childhood conflicts
D) a way to express negative transference

Question 7

Roger's theory was considered ________ because it put the responsibility for change on the person.

A) positive transference
B) conditional positive regard
C) client-centered
D) nondirective

Question 8

The psychoanalytic technique that encourages a person to talk without inhibition about whatever thoughts or fantasies come to mind is ________.

A) catharsis
B) positive transference
C) free association
D) regression

Question 9

A therapist offers the patient unconditional positive regard, values the patient, and shows acceptance by reflecting the patient's statements. The therapist is using ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) client-centered
D) rational-emotive

Question 10

Rogers felt that it was most important for clients to gain insight about ________.

A) current feelings
B) the effects of environmental stimuli on their behavior
C) repressed memories from early childhood
D) unconscious conflicts and wishes

Question 11

David has been in therapy for about a month. Recently, he had a breakthrough with his therapist in which he began to have awareness of previously unconscious feelings of anger toward his wife. In psychotherapy, this new information is called ________.

A) free association
B) catharsis
C) insight
D) transference

Question 12

Client-centered therapy and psychoanalysis are examples of ________ therapies.

A) behavior
B) insight
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 13

In client-centered therapy, Rogers believed that the most important characteristic of a therapist was that they express ________ for the patient.

A) unconditional positive regard
B) positive transference
C) conditional positive regard
D) psychological congruence

Question 14

According to Rogers, the goal of client-centered therapy is to ________.

A) resolve all emotional conflicts from the past
B) help clients accept their psychological and biological limitations
C) eliminate clients' unconditional positive regard
D) help clients become more fully functioning

Question 15

Today's insight therapists give clients __________.

A) direct guidance and feedback
B) positive encouragement and behavioral therapy
C) neutral listening
D) passive reflection

Question 16

New awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories, and how they influence present feelings and behavior, is referred to as ___________.

A) transference
B) free association
C) insight
D) therapy

Question 17

Bobby is 24 and lives with his parents. He has never been on a date, and attended a college nearby to remain at home. His parents are concerned and suggest he see a therapist. The therapist asks Bobby to lie down on a couch. He sits behind Bobby and instructs him to talk about whatever he wants. At first, it appears like Bobby won't talk about anything but present events, but eventually he begins to talk about his mother, his childhood, and his fear of female classmates. Bobby's therapist is using ________.

A) insight
B) pole-shifting
C) transference
D) free association

Question 18

Research has shown that a therapist's warmth and understanding increase therapeutic success ________.

A) only when using client-centered therapy
B) no matter what therapeutic approach is used
C) only when using cognitive therapy
D) only when using psychoanalytic therapy

Question 19

A client lies on a couch, with the therapist sitting out of sight, behind him. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, and positive and negative transference. The therapist encourages the client to "work through" the problems. This is ________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) behavior
C) rational-emotive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 20

Janice is in psychotherapy and has shared a lot with her therapist. She is feeling increasing like her therapist is disgusted by her disclosures, and laughing at her behind her back. Janice is experiencing ________.

A) free association
B) positive transference
C) negative transference
D) insight

Question 21

A technique that aims to eliminate a fear through full-intensity exposure to a feared stimulus for a prolonged period of time is ________.

A) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
C) paradoxical intent
D) aversive conditioning

Question 22

Behavior therapists look upon illnesses such as depression and hypochondriasis as ________.

A) a result of childhood repression
B) an indication of unconscious problems
C) learned problems to be alleviated
D) biologically transmitted diseases

Question 23

Aversive conditioning is aimed at ________.

A) eliminating undesirable behavior patterns
B) giving the client insight into behavior problems
C) desensitizing the patient to his or her problems
D) teaching a client several new behavioral strategies

Question 24

Andre feared flying all his life. He gets the opportunity to go to Europe for a semester abroad, so he decides to see a therapist, knowing he will need to fly. The therapist begins by having Andre list what makes him fearful, and then teaches him relaxation techniques for various items in the hierarchy. Andre learns to apply the relaxation techniques, and soon is considerably more comfortable about flying before his trip. The therapist used ________.

A) negative reinforcement
B) systematic desensitization
C) stepwise regression
D) aversive conditioning

Question 25

If an individual was terrified of grasshoppers, and they were instructed to step into a room with hundreds of the insects fluttering about in order to overcome their fear, this would be described as ________.

A) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversive conditioning
D) paradoxical intent

Question 26

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving are ________ therapies.

A) short-term psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) behavior
D) traditional psychodynamic

Question 27

According to behavior therapists, all behavior ________.

A) is normal
B) is the outcome of unconscious desires
C) is abnormal
D) is learned

Question 28

Bethany is attempting to quit smoking. She has tried many times, and decides to see a therapist. Her therapist and Bethany decide that each week, she will decrease the amount of cigarettes Bethany smokes by five. When she meets her goal two weeks in a row, Bethany can reward herself with a shopping trip where she spends $50 on a personal item. If she does not meet the goal, she does not get to shop. Bethany's therapist is utilizing ________.

A) a token economy
B) classical conditioning
C) desensitization
D) behavioral contracting

Question 29

A client in an in-patient addiction facility earns tokens for positive behavior. These tokens can be exchanged at a canteen for candy, soda, and other small rewards. This technique is called ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) transactional analysis
C) a token economy
D) reality therapy

Question 30

If clients receive treatment over the Internet or through other electronic means, they are participating in a field known as ________.

A) secondary health care
B) telehealth
C) remote access health
D) distance health care

Question 31

Kim would like to see a therapist, but is unsure if she has the time to do so. She hears about a newer type of therapy, where she can call her therapist from her own home. The therapy Kim is looking into is _________.

A) distance therapy
B) short-term psychodynamic therapy
C) virtual therapy
D) spiritual therapy

Question 32

Insight therapy that is time-limited and focused on trying to help clients correct the immediate problems in their lives is ________ therapy.

A) short-term psychodynamic therapy
B) client-centered
C) Gestalt
D) psychoanalysis

Question 33

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating alcoholism or smoking?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) a token economy
D) aversive conditioning

Question 34

Trina's drinking got her fired from her last job. Knowing that her alcoholism is now interfering with her life, she decides to take medication that will make her nauseous each time she drinks. Eventually, Trina loses her desire to drink, owing to ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) desensitization
C) negative transference
D) aversive conditioning

Question 35

All of the following are true about telehealth therapy except ________.

A) it is not cost effective
B) it provides an alternative for those who live in remote or rural areas
C) it provides an option for individuals with mild to moderate disorders
D) there is research supporting its effectiveness

Question 36

A form of operant conditioning therapy in which the client and therapist set behavioral goals and agree on reinforcements the client will receive when reaching those goals is _______-.

A) a reward paradigm
B) instrumental learning
C) behavior contracting
D) classical conditioning

Question 37

One of the oldest behavior therapy techniques involves gradual association of a new response (relaxation) with the fearful stimulus. It is referred to as ________.

A) free association
B) systematic desensitization
C) operant conditioning
D) reciprocal inhibition

Question 38

Of the following therapies, in which might a therapist apply physical pain as a method of behavior modification?

A) desensitization
B) operant conditioning
C) psychoanalysis
D) aversive conditioning

Question 39

Asking a client to generate a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations associated with their fear would be characteristic of ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) aversive conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) systematic desensitization

Question 40

Kylan decides to utilize a therapist for his fear of enclosed spaces, knowing that he will need to use an elevator extensively in his new job. In stages, his therapist has him first visualize, then shows him pictures of elevators. Next, he stands near a real elevator without getting in, then enters a large elevator that he gets in, but does not allow the doors to close, and finally rides an elevator up five floors. At each stage, the therapist made sure that Kylan was fully relaxed. This technique is known as ________.

A) aversive conditioning
B) stepwise regression
C) transactional therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 41

Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior are called ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) client-centered
C) Gestalt
D) cognitive

Question 42

Group therapy tends to be _______ when compared to individual therapy, because clients ________.

A) less expensive; "share" a therapist
B) more expensive; "share" a therapist
C) less expensive; have their own therapist
D) more expensive; have their own therapist

Question 43

Stress-inoculation therapy turns a client's positive ________ into a guard against negative, stressful situations.

A) memories
B) behaviors
C) self-talk
D) emotions

Question 44

Which of the following is a type of group therapy?

A) self-help
B) rational-emotive
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) aversive

Question 45

Beck's cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of ________.

A) somatoform disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) depression
D) schizophrenia

Question 46

Each of the following is a type of cognitive therapy except ________.

A) aversive conditioning
B) stress-inoculation therapy
C) Beck's cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 47

Beck describes self-critical people as having all of the following traits except ________.

A) they only notice negative feedback from the outside world
B) they make sweeping negative generalizations based on little evidence
C) they interpret anything less than total success as failure
D) they are secure in their place in the world

Question 48

Modeling has been used successfully for each of the following except to ________.

A) help people overcome snake phobias
B) teach job skills to people with mental retardation
C) help alcoholic individuals reduce or eliminate their drinking
D) help people with mental retardation learn living skills

Question 49

The form of therapy that sees the family as at least partly responsible for the individual's problems and seeks to change all family members' behaviors to the benefit of the unit as well as the individual is ________.

A) individual therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) couples therapy
D) family therapy

Question 50

Token economies and behavioral contracting are techniques used by ________ therapists.

A) psychoanalytic
B) Gestalt
C) behavioral
D) rational-emotive

Question 51

The therapist most widely known for the development of rational-emotive therapy is ________, while cognitive-behavioral therapy is attributed to _______.

A) Beck; Ellis
B) Lazarus; Rogers
C) Ellis; Beck
D) Rogers; Beck

Question 52

Stress-inoculation therapy and rational emotive therapy are types of ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) client-centered
D) psychoanalytic

Question 53

A type of psychotherapy in which several clients meet regularly to help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior is ________ therapy.

A) informal
B) social
C) group
D) Gestalt

Question 54

Corey's newest therapist tried to get him to move past his fear of spiders by showing him videos of people successfully interacting with them. Corey's therapist was using ________.

A) voyeurism
B) modeling
C) classical conditioning
D) free association

Question 55

Estella sought psychological help because she had intense feelings of worthlessness. Her therapist specifically challenges her negative self-image, and forces her to see it is based on false information about herself. Her therapist is probably a ________.

A) psychoanalyst
B) behaviorist
C) rational-emotive therapist
D) client-centered therapist

Question 56

Stress-inoculation therapy involves ________.

A) providing patients with drug injections to make them more resistant to stress
B) using physical fitness techniques to improve clients' physical health that, in turn, makes them more resistant to stress
C) teaching people to anticipate and avoid situations that they find stressful
D) training clients to cope with situations they find stressful because of their misconceptions

Question 57

Showing a client how his or her irrational and self-defeating beliefs are causing problems is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

A) behavioral
B) rational-emotive
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 58

A therapist who teaches clients to challenge irrational and self-defeating beliefs is probably a ________ therapist.

A) psychoanalytic
B) client-centered
C) rational-emotive
D) cognitive behavioral

Question 59

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing inappropriately negative and self- critical patterns of thought is ________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) behavior
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 60

A primary goal of family therapy is to ________.

A) change the needs of individual family members
B) teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues
C) improve family communication
D) identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems

Question 61

Simon has never been married or had children, and he is worried about becoming a stepfather when he and his fiancée get married. He decides to see a therapist to gain some tools, and make the transition easier. The therapist suggests that his fiancée and her two children join Simon during the third session. Simon is probably seeing a ________.

A) psychoanalyst
B) behavior therapist
C) Gestalt therapist
D) family therapist

Question 62

________ an approach that recognizes the value of a broad treatment package over a rigid commitment to one form of therapy.

A) Behavior therapy
B) Group treatment
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Eclecticism

Question 63

Most couple therapists concentrate on ________.

A) improving the couple's patterns of communications and mutual expectations
B) changing the behavior of the person in the marriage who is the source of the couple's problems
C) desensitization techniques to help the marital partners become more tolerant of each other
D) exploring the marital partners' childhoods to understand the source of the current conflicts

Question 64

Medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and neurosurgery are all types of ________.

A) cognitive therapy
B) reality therapy
C) emotive therapy
D) biological treatment

Question 65

Each of the following is provided by all major types of psychotherapy except ________.

A) offering clients an explanation for their problems
B) offering clients hope
C) offering clients enhanced insight
D) engaging clients in a therapeutic alliance

Question 66

Bob has recently become troubled by some aspects of his personality and has decided he is ready to explore his childhood and personal development to determine what may have contributed to these feelings. He would be best served by ________ therapy.

A) group
B) aversive
C) behavior
D) insight

Question 67

Tyler has recently developed a drug abuse problem. He is most likely to be successfully treated by ________.

A) Gestalt therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) couple therapy
D) behavior therapy

Question 68

A Consumer Reports survey of over 180,000 subscribers found that ________ respondents reported significant overall improvement after therapy.

A) a slight majority of
B) few
C) less than one-third of
D) the vast majority of

Question 69

According to the Consumer Reports study on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, the greatest improvement was seen in individuals engaged in _____.

A) long-term therapy
B) insight-oriented therapies
C) therapy for severe psychological problems
D) group therapy

Question 70

A Consumer Reports survey of over 180,000 subscribers had a response rate of ______ to the section on mental health that assessed satisfaction and improvement in those who had received psychotherapy.

A) 700 people
B) 100,000 people
C) 17,000 people
D) 7000 people

Question 71

Emma and Faye decide to attend couples therapy. Their therapist tells them to share their inner feelings, and to listen and understand their partner's feelings before responding to them. This therapist is using ________.

A) emotive therapy
B) pole shifting
C) cognitive marital therapy
D) empathy training

Question 72

Research has found that most members of self-help groups express ________ their groups.

A) mild support for
B) mild disappointment in
C) great disappointment in
D) strong support for

Question 73

Patrick is suffering from depression. A therapist is most likely to successfully treat Patrick's depression with _______ therapy.

A) behavior
B) Gestalt
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 74

According to the most recent research, which of the following is not true?

A) Psychotherapy works best for relatively mild psychological problems.
B) Psychotherapy provides the greatest benefits to people who really want to change.
C) Psychotherapy is more effective than receiving no therapy at all.
D) Most people improve with or without formal therapy.

Question 75

Research indicates that psychotherapy is ________.

A) highly and equally effective for both mild and severe disorders
B) more effective for mild disorders than for severe disorders
C) more effective for severe disorders than for mild disorders
D) not effective for either mild or severe disorders

Question 76

Research on the outcome of couples therapy indicates ___________,

A) it has a lower success rate then when both partners go to therapy separately
B) that therapy for both together is generally more successful than if only one partner attends
C) it has the same success rate as when one partner goes to individual therapy and one partner does not go to therapy at all
D) it is seldom successful in resolving communication issues

Question 77

Ginger was having a lot of trouble in school, and was acting out in the classroom. Her parents arrange for her to see a therapist. After meeting Ginger, the therapist asked that Ginger's parents attend the second appointment. The therapist is probably a ________.

A) family therapist
B) behavior therapist
C) psychoanalyst
D) Gestalt therapist

Question 78

People seeking profound self-understanding, relief of inner conflict and anxiety, or better relationships with others would be best served by ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) insight
C) group
D) aversive

Question 79

Most self-help groups are _____ gatherings of people who share a common problem and provide mutual support.

A) large, local
B) small, local
C) large, regional
D) small, regional

Question 80

Jamie is suffering from a specific phobia of flying. He would be most likely to solve this problem with ________ therapy.

A) Gestalt
B) behavior
C) insight
D) cognitive