Deck 12: Education and Religion

Question 1

Today, most domestic violence is reported to the police, so we have more accurate statistics about violence in the home.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

are responsible primarily for regulating sexual activity, socializing children, and providing affection and companionship for members.

A) Preindustrial families
B) Agricultural families
C) Hunting and gathering families
D) Contemporary families

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Although the family of orientation is based exclusively on blood ties, the family of procreation may be based on both blood and legal ties

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Not all people without children consider themselves child-free.

Question 5

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is egalitarian-a family structure in which partners share power and authority.

Question 6

Periods of national financial recession are always periods of increased rates of divorce.

Question 7

When computing statistics on the composition of U.S. households, foster parents and children are considered relatives.

Question 8

The divorce rate in the United States has been steadily increasing since the early twentieth century.

Question 9

Researchers find that married couples construct a shared reality that reflects the perspective of both partners.

Question 10

Sexual expression and parent-child relationships are not necessarily part of all family relationships.

Question 11

Research suggests that those people in sustained relationships such as marriage and cohabitation find sexual activity to be the most satisfying emotionally and physically.

Question 12

Kissing is not a culturally universal demonstration of intimacy and affection.

Question 13

Most U.S. family households are made up of a married couple with one or more children under the age of 18.

Question 14

What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated. For many years, the standard sociological definition of family was _.

A) a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
B) a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children
C) a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
D) a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household

Question 15

Despite the wide variety of reasons people have for getting married, the choice of who they will marry is fairly predictable.

Question 16

There is no evidence to support the assumption that children are better off living with a same-sex parent after a divorce.

Question 17

Children are affected the least by household violence.

Question 18

The percentage of men and women who have been married more than once is on the rise.

Question 19

Sociologists find that men and women are equally likely to express their feelings of love verbally.

Question 20

Studies over the past decade have supported the proposition that couples who cohabit before marriage have a more stable relationship following marriage.

Question 21

The is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

A) family of orientation
B) nuclear family
C) family of procreation
D) extended family

Question 22

In the United States, the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is .

A) secular
B) heterosexual
C) polygamous
D) monogamous

Question 23

often include grandparents, uncles, aunts, or other relatives who live close to the parents and children, making it possible for family members to share resources.

A) Blended families
B) Extended families
C) Conventional families
D) Nuclear families

Question 24

Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice -a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

A) sequential coupling
B) serial monogamy
C) marriage seriation
D) polygamy

Question 25

Today, most sociologists would consider two gay men and their adopted children, sharing the same household, to be a(n) family.

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) patrilineal
D) blended

Question 26

According to sociologist Judy Root Aulette, "families we choose" include blood ties and legal ties, but they also include , persons who are not actually related by blood but who are accepted as family members.

A) informal kin
B) secondary kin
C) fictive kin
D) generalized kin

Question 27

Rachael lives with her mother and her mother's parents, all in the same household. Sociologists would say that Rachael lives in a(n) family.

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) patrilineal
D) blended

Question 28

The is the family that a person forms by having or adopting children of his or her own.

A) blended family
B) family of orientation
C) extended family
D) family of procreation

Question 29

With the advent of industrialization and urbanization, maintaining the family pattern becomes more difficult. Increasingly, young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy. At that time, the family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.

A) blended; extended
B) extended; nuclear
C) nuclear; conventional
D) nuclear; extended

Question 30

refers to a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.

A) Homogamy
B) Polygamy
C) Monogamy
D) Polyandry

Question 31

The refers to family units that are composed of various relatives, in addition to parents and children, who live in the same household.

A) blended family
B) conventional family
C) extended family
D) nuclear family

Question 32

Comparing 1970 data with 2014 data, the Census Bureau identified a noticeable decline in the number of married- couple households with their own children living with them. In 1970, 73 percent of children lived in such households. In 2014, that figure was .

A) 15 percent
B) 34 percent
C) 46 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 33

To more accurately reflect the changes in family life, the text provides a more encompassing definition of what constitutes a family. This definition is .

A) a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household
B) a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
C) a relationship in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
D) a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Question 34

A comparison of Census Bureau data from 1970 to 2012 shows that there has been in the percentage of U.S. households comprised of a married couple with their own children under eighteen years of age.

A) a significant increase
B) a very minor increase
C) a significant decline
D) basically no change

Question 35

In horticultural and agricultural societies, are extremely important. Having a large number of family members participate in food production may be essential for survival.

A) nuclear families
B) blended families
C) conventional families
D) extended families

Question 36

Bubba married his high school sweetheart, and they have been faithful to each other for 30 years. Their marriage is considered to be .

A) polygamous
B) monogamous
C) homogamous
D) polyandrous

Question 37

refers to family units composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives.

A) Nuclear family
B) Conventional family
C) Extended family
D) Blended family

Question 38

is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

A) Marriage
B) Cohabitation
C) Trial separation
D) Monogamous experimentation

Question 39

In preindustrial societies, provides the primary basis for social organization.

A) subsistence
B) lineage
C) kinship
D) heritage

Question 40

The term refers to a network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

A) subsistence
B) lineage
C) kinship
D) heritage

Question 41

descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.

A) Bilateral
B) Duo-lateral
C) Matrilineal
D) Neolateral

Question 42

Across cultures, is the most common residential pattern.

A) matrilocal residence
B) multilocal residence
C) neolocal residence
D) patrilocal residence

Question 43

Few societies have residential patterns known as residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

A) neolocal
B) matrilocal
C) patrilocal
D) multilocal

Question 44

In industrialized nations such as the United States, most couples hope to live in a(n) , which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

A) neolocal residence
B) multilocal residence
C) patrilocal residence
D) matrilocal residence

Question 45

is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.

A) Endogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Homogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 46

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families. residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

A) Matrilocal
B) Patrilocal
C) Multilocal
D) Neolocal

Question 47

In a(n) , the male authority figure acts as head of the household and holds power and authority over the women and children, as well as over other males.

A) matriarchal family
B) homogamous family
C) patriarchal family
D) egalitarian family

Question 48

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

A) oligarchy
B) matriarchy
C) egalitarianism
D) patriarchy

Question 49

A(n) family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) homogamous

Question 50

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is , which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

A) patriarchal descent
B) patrilineal descent
C) patrilocal descent
D) patricentric descent

Question 51

systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

A) Patrilineal
B) Patrilocal
C) Patricentric
D) Patriarchal

Question 52

is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

A) Endogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Homogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 53

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is , which is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

A) lateral descent
B) bilateral descent
C) matrilocal descent
D) neolocal descent

Question 54

Even with the less common pattern of , which is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, women may not control property.

A) matriarchal descent
B) matricentric descent
C) matrilocal descent
D) matrilineal descent

Question 55

is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.

A) Polyandry
B) Homogamy
C) Endogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 56

The most prevalent form of polygamy is .

A) polyandry
B) homogamy
C) polygyny
D) endogamy

Question 57

Although there has been a great deal of discussion about , scholars have found no historical evidence to indicate that true types of this familial power and authority ever existed.

A) patriarchal families
B) egalitarian families
C) matriarchal families
D) homogamous families

Question 58

is the term for concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

A) Monogamy
B) Homogamy
C) Endogamy
D) Polygamy

Question 59

A(n) family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

A) patriarchal
B) matriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) homogamous

Question 60

In systems, inheritance of property and position is usually traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son). In some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

A) matricentric
B) matrilocal
C) matrilineal
D) matriarchal

Question 61

In the United States, most people practice ; they marry people who come from the same social class, racial/ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group.

A) exogamy
B) polygamy
C) heterogamy
D) endogamy

Question 62

One example that supports the postmodern perspective on the family is that .

A) people are returning to embrace the idea of romantic and forever love
B) concern about the future of marriage is resulting in stronger commitments
C) men and women have sexual relations with others whom they have no intention of marrying
D) single motherhood has strengthened the belief in maternal love

Question 63

Conflict theory explains family problems, such as divorce and overall family instability, by pointing out _.

A) how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B) the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C) that definitions of the family are socially constructed and impact family life
D) the diversity and fragmentation of families

Question 64

The cultural practice of marrying within one's own group is called .

A) exogamy
B) homogamy
C) endogamy
D) heterogamy

Question 65

theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well- being of individuals.

A) Symbolic interactionist
B) Conflict
C) Functionalist
D) Postmodern

Question 66

Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead provided insight into the family roles, and these are modified or adapted to the expectations of others-especially significant others such as parents, grandparents, and siblings. This is the foundation of the perspective on the family.

A) postmodern
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict theory
D) functionalist

Question 67

analyze family influence on an individual's self-concept and identity. From this perspective, what people think, as well as what they say and do, is very important in understanding family dynamics.

A) Functionalists
B) Postmodern theorists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Symbolic interactionists

Question 68

Families are expected to regulate the sexual activity of their members and thus ensure that reproduction takes place within specific boundaries. Incest taboos are an example of this type of regulation that takes place at the __________.

A) mesolevel
B) microlevel
C) macrolevel
D) metalevel

Question 69

Feminist explanations of family problems, such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability, focus on __________.

A) how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B) the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C) the way that definitions of the family are socially constructed and impact family life
D) patriarchy and how men's domination over women contributes to inequalities in families

Question 70

In a stereotypically conventional marriage, the husband/father meets the family's economic needs, makes important decisions, and provides leadership. Talcott Parsons termed this the .

A) egalitarian role
B) expressive role
C) authoritarian role
D) instrumental role

Question 71

The cultural practice of marrying outside of one's own group is termed .

A) exogamy
B) homogamy
C) heterogamy
D) endogamy

Question 72

Functionalist theorists recognize that the function of the family is sometimes different in preindustrial and industrial societies. In preindustrial societies, families are units for ; in industrial societies, families provide economic security through the workplace and the larger economic system.

A) economic production
B) emotional support
C) financial security
D) dysfunctions

Question 73

Conflict and feminist perspectives on the family differ significantly from functionalist perspectives on the family in that _.

A) functionalists do not recognize the role that the family plays in regulating reproduction
B) functionalists are much more realistic than others about the potential for problems in the family
C) conflict and feminist theorists view the functionalist perspective as unrealistic in its emphasis on support and harmony within the family
D) conflict and feminist theory does not address the family and functionalism does

Question 74

Emile Durkheim saw the family as a microcosm of society. He argued that, much like in society generally, _.

A) marriage life is a shared reality created through the interaction of marital partners
B) females are socialized to be passive and males are socialized to be aggressive
C) a division of labor contributes to greater efficiency in marriages and families
D) men's domination over women existed long before private ownership of property and capitalism

Question 75

Although their perspectives are very different, functionalists and conflict theorists would likely agree that _.

A) the family is the source of emotional support
B) a person's social status, particularly ascribed status, is determined by the family
C) families socialize children to be productive members of society
D) most families are extremely dysfunctional

Question 76

Which of these is not considered a function of the family in advanced industrial societies?

A) sexual regulation
B) economic and psychological support
C) provision of social status
D) guaranteed reproduction

Question 77

The postmodern family has been described as , meaning capable of being diffused or invaded in such a manner that its original purpose is modified or changed.

A) permeable
B) disappearing
C) becoming weaker
D) becoming less autonomous

Question 78

In a stereotypically conventional family, the wife/mother runs the household, cares for children, and meets the emotional needs of family members. Talcott Parsons termed this the .

A) authoritarian role
B) expressive role
C) instrumental role
D) egalitarian role

Question 79

The perspective places important emphasis on the role of parents and other relatives of teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive in society.

A) functionalist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) conflict
D) postmodern

Question 80

Symbolic interactionists Berger and Kellner highlight the importance of for a marital relationship.

A) joint finances
B) children
C) constructing a shared reality
D) roles of power and authority