Deck 12: Communication

Question 1

A meaningful sound is a

A)phone
B)phoneme
C)morpheme
D)vowel
E)consonant

Answer 1

phoneme

Question 2

All early writing systems use ________,symbols that convey meaning through a form or picture resembling that to which it refers.

A)ideagraphs
B)logographs
C)ideagrams
D)glyphs
E)pictographs

Answer 2

logographs

Question 3

Among the Kaska of northern British Columbia and the Yukon,________ as a response to pain or frustration.

A)silence is maintained
B)a handshake is used
C)a drink is offered
D)certain standard conversations are carried out
E)avoidance is maintained

Answer 3

silence is maintained

Question 4

The ________ reported that 63 per cent of Inuit children and 80 per cent of those over the age of 15 could speak Inuktituk very well.

A)2001 Aboriginal Survey
B)Bill 101
C)NSL program
D)The British North America Act of 1867
E)Official Languages Act of 1969

Question 5

________ refers to the study of the meaning of words,phrases and sentences.

A)linguistics
B)phonetics
C)morphetics
D)semantics
E)sociolinguistics

Question 6

In Canada,the emergence of large populations speaking multiple languages has led to debates about the value and cost of ________.

A)bilingual determinism
B)linguistic pluralism
C)ethnocentric policies
D)unilingual policies
E)cultural materialism

Question 7

The term ________ refers to social inequality in access to new and emerging information technology,especially access to up-to-date computers,the Internet,and training related to their use.

A)electronic curtain
B)digital divide
C)digital marginalization
D)digital chasm
E)divide

Question 8

Anthropologist Diamond Jenness,in his study of First Nations languages,considered the ________ languages the most musical because of their richness of vowel sounds,avoidance of harsh consonants,and use of whispered syllables.

A)Algonquian
B)Salish
C)Athapascan
D)Nuer
E)Esperanto

Question 9

Tag questions are

A)questions that prod the listener to speak
B)rhetorical questions used by the speaker to solicit an emotional reaction
C)questions seeking negation placed at the start of a sentence
D)questions seeking affirmation placed at the end of sentences
E)questions using the "five W's"

Question 10

Which of the following would be an example of observer's paradox?

A)children under study stop talking about "boogers" when the principal walks in to the class
B)while having lunch with a research participant's home,she changes the topic of conversation when her husband walks in to the room
C)an hour into an interview,a research participant relaxes and starts talking much more informally,using some profanity and colloquialisms
D)while doing research,a researcher seeks to speak informally,adopting local idioms
E)during an interview,a research participant refrains from swearing

Question 11

Anthropologist Diamond Jenness,who learned several First Nations languages,found that the ________ languages the most difficult to learn.

A)Nuer
B)Salish
C)Hindi
D)Athapascan
E)Algonquian

Question 12

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A)says that a people's language affects how a person thinks and sees the world
B)says that a population's reality shapes its language
C)says that intelligence can be measured using language mastery
D)says that new words cannot be learned without experiencing the reality it represents
E)humans can understand reality even if they do not have the words to describe that reality

Question 13

The best example of language shift is

A)Cree children learning the Cree language at school
B)an immigrant living in Vancouver learning English in an ESL class
C)a French-speaker who speaks with great difficulty his language after living 30 years in New York
D)the child of Guatemalan refugees only speaks English as his parents refused to speak Spanish in his presence
E)a global language displacing indigenous languages

Question 14

In Canada,Inuit residential schooling used to be English or French based,however,grades 1 to 3 are now taught in ________,even for non-Inuit children.

A)Mohawk
B)Oneida
C)Athabascan
D)Inuktitut
E)Cree

Question 15

The British North America Act of 1867,the Canadian Constitution ,and the Official Languages Act of 1969 guarantee the equality of English and French as part of

A)ever-increasing need to find jobs for anthropologists.
B)national identity of Canada
C)commonwealth countries
D)the fact that so many different languages are spoken in the U.S.
E)Great Britain -North American treaty

Question 16

In Canada,those who identify an Aboriginal language as their first language,43 per cent speak ________ and only 1 percent speak ________.

A)Cayuga;Huron
B)Delaware;Oneida
C)Inuktitut;Mohawk
D)Athabascan;Ojibwa
E)Cree;Sioux

Question 17

In 1880s,a motivation for the establishment of residential schools for First Nations children was to

A)encourage the development of Aboriginal languages.
B)enable the delivery of Native-as-a-Second-Language (NSL)programs.
C)develop literacy and functional use of Aboriginal languages.
D)eradicate Aboriginal languages.
E)prevent the rapid loss of Aboriginal languages.

Question 18

Many of the language policies of Quebec,such as ________,reflect the fear that without protection,the French language in Quebec will be contaminated by English.

A)NAFTA
B)Native-as-a-Second-language (NSL)
C)Bill 101
D)the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey
E)bilingualism and multilingualism.

Question 19

Human language has ________,or the ability to create an infinite range of understandable expressions from a finite set of rules.

A)flexibility
B)elasticity
C)productivity
D)proclivity
E)universality

Question 20

________ refers to the ability to refer to events and issues beyond the immediate present.

A)displacement
B)productivity
C)call system
D)semantics
E)phonetics

Question 21

In Canada,the ________,a Crown corporation was created in 1936 to enhance Canadian's sense of national identity through its emphasis on Canadian content.

A)NBC
B)CNN
C)British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
D)American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)
E)Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)

Question 22

Euro-American men make much more frequent use of tag questions when conversing.

Question 23

Marshall McLuhan at the University of Toronto,examined how new technologies created new environments for communication and predicted

A)pervasive racism in the workplace.
B)the importance of the media using phrases such as the global village
C)pervasive homophobia in the workplace.
D)exploitation of child labor.
E)pervasive use of the English language in most television shows.

Question 24

A lexicon consists of all the meaningful words in a language.

Question 25

Sanskrit and English belong to the same language family.

Question 26

Registers are distinctive communication styles.

Question 27

A first-generation "contact" language is called a

A)dialect.
B)creole.
C)pidgin.
D)displaced language.
E)paralanguage.

Question 28

Nonhuman primates rely on a call system to communicate.

Question 29

Recently,the ________ community in Canada launched a lawsuit against the National Post for targeting its community and for labelling them as "terrorists" and "criminals."

A)French
B)German
C)Dutch
D)Italian
E)Tamil

Question 30

In code-switching,a person

A)blends the use of more than one linguistic code at one time.
B)moves from one code to another as needed.
C)changes codes over the course of the life-cycle.
D)translates messages for two people who are speaking different codes.
E)gives up his or her original code for a new one upon migration.

Question 31

While some First Nations groups value oratory,others value silence such as the

A)Kaska.
B)Nuers.
C)Maasai.
D)Ju/ Wasi.
E)Apache.

Question 32

True bilingualism is impossible to achieve as one language will always be dominant.

Question 33

In Japan,the higher one's status,the shorter the sleeve of one's kimono.

Question 34

Anthropologists successfully decoded khipu,the knotted strings used by the Incas as a writing system demonstrating that it was an actual written language and not an accounting system.

Question 35

Focal vocabularies are highly specialized words rarely used in a language.

Question 36

One variety of sign language is used globally.

Question 37

The Canadian Tamil community launched a lawsuit against the ________ for targeting its community and for labelling Tamils as "terrorists" and "criminals."

A)Globe and Mail
B)Daily Gleaner
C)Telegraph
D)National Post
E)Vancouver Sun

Question 38

Lisa Valentine conducted a sociolinguistic study of the discourse of the ________ people of northern Ontario,demonstrating how new speech forms are shaped by the liturgy and music of the Anglican Church,and the newspapers,radio,and television services provided by the Native Communications Society.

A)Athapascan
B)Cree
C)Mohawk
D)Seven Ojibwe
E)Kaska

Question 39

Within a particular language,an especially rich cluster of related words is referred to as a

A)dialect.
B)pidgin.
C)creole.
D)grammar.
E)focal vocabulary.

Question 40

A language is considered endangered if it has fewer than 10,000 speakers.

Question 41

One motivation for the establishment of residential schools for First Nations children was to eradicate ________.

Question 42

Many argue that only in a bilingual Canada will French be protected,and that separation of Quebec would result in a loss of French language in anglophone North America,particularly in the era of NAFTA.

Question 43

How would the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis explain the Saami reindeer herders rich vocabulary describing "snow"?

Question 44

How would linguistic anthropologists analyze silence?

Question 45

How does a dialect differ from a language?

Question 46

How does television programming reflect changes in gender relations in Japan?

Question 47

Some politicians feel that many of the language policies of Quebec,such as Bill 101,reflect the fear that without protection the French language in Quebec will be contaminated by English with a resulting loss in cultural identity.

Question 48

Why do most anthropologists reject extreme linguistic determinism?

Question 49

What are possible forms of body language?

Question 50

The Saami language has a very limited vocabulary related to cold weather precipitation.

Question 51

The ________,the Canadian Constitution,and the ________ guarantee the equality of English and French as part of the national identity of Canada.

Question 52

One motivation for the establishment of residential schools for First Nations children was to encourage Aboriginal languages.

Question 53

Anthropologist Diamond Jenness,who learned several First Nations languages,considered the Salish language the most musical because of their richness of vowel sounds,avoidance of harsh consonants,and use of whispered syllables.

Question 54

How does nationalism help or hinder language survival?

Question 55

Among the ________ of northern British Columbia and the Yukon,research revealed the importance of ________ as a form of communication.

Question 56

Coverage of ________ in several Canadian newspapers represented them as pathetic victims,angry warriors,or noble environmentalists,stereotypes that could result in misunderstanding.

Question 57

What is historical linguistics?

Question 58

The Canadian Islamic Congress continuously monitors the media for bias in the coverage of Islam,a particularly important task following the events of September 11,2001.

Question 59

The ________ reported that 63 percent of Inuit children and 80 percent of those over the age of 15 could speak ________ relatively well.

Question 60

How is class tied to language?

Question 61

Discuss the bias in American media in reporting sporting events with respect to Canadian players.

Question 62

Is thought determined by language? Discuss the two models that study how language,culture and thought are shaped by each other.

Question 63

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Question 64

Will there be but one language in the future? Discuss using ethnographic data or anthropological concepts to justify your point of view.

Question 65

Define the observer's paradox.

Question 66

Are there any racial bias/negative stereotyping in news reporting in Canada? Discuss with specific examples.

Question 67

What observations did Diamond Jenness derive from his study of First Nations languages?

Question 68

Are there any "primitive" languages? Discuss drawing upon examples from the textbook.

Question 69

Describe how national policies of cultural assimilation of minorities have led to the extinction of many ethnic languages.

Question 70

Is there a gender,racial or ethnic bias in Canadian media? Analyze using examples from your community.

Question 71

How is nationalist bias seen in the politics of journalism? Provide examples.

Question 72

What is the difference between a pidgin and a creole?

Question 73

Discuss briefly the language politics and identity concerns with respect to French and English in Canada.

Question 74

Issues of politics and power (public as well as interpersonal)intersect with language.Provide and discuss three examples of such an intersection,using material in the textbook.

Question 75

How is language gendered? Discuss using examples and concepts from the textbook.

Question 76

Discuss how Linguistic pluralism,the tolerance for linguistic diversity is an important and political issue in Canada.Cite examples.

Question 77

One motivation for the establishment of residential schools for First Nations children was to eradicate Aboriginal languages.Discuss this statement with relevant examples.

Question 78

What does the term mass media encompass,and how have anthropologists approached the study of it (give two examples)?