Deck 9: Social Groups and Social Stratification

Question 1

A Canadian research study found that about half of all ________ respondents in Vancouver,British Columbia,reported experiencing some form of discrimination in the recent past.

A)Indo-Canadians
B)Hispanic
C)First Nations
D)Black
E)Jews

Answer 1

Indo-Canadians

Question 2

Which of the following characterizes all youth gangs?

A)they have formalized initiation rituals
B)they are organized
C)they have formal leadership
D)they are hierarchical
E)they are often considered a social problem by adults and law-enforcement officials

Answer 2

they are often considered a social problem by adults and law-enforcement officials

Question 3

An emic term used by Hindus to designate a birth group,called castes by Portuguese colonialists

A)jatis
B)dalits
C)varnas
D)brahmans
E)jajmanis

Answer 3

jatis

Question 4

Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of a

A)self-help group
B)12-step gang
C)cooperative
D)friendship network

Question 5

According to Stanley Barrett,________ has been endemic in Canada.

A)malaria
B)racism
C)cultural imperialism
D)mechanical solidarity
E)modernization

Question 6

Carol Stack's study of friendship among the urban poor demonstrated that

A)poverty resulted in the breakdown of social relations
B)kinship ties helped people cope with poverty
C)friends were rare,with individuals fearing that extensive networks of friends would drain their resources
D)poor people strategize and cope through social ties such as friendship
E)people sought friends who were better off to help them,while avoiding poorer acquaintances

Question 7

Dalits are

A)a group of body piercers.
B)the most oppressed social category in Brazil.
C)the most oppressed social category in India.
D)an example of an age set.
E)the warrior males among the Maasai.

Question 8

Canadian anthropologist Thomas Dunk,in a study of working men in Thunder Bay,Ontario,shows how a group of working class friends

A)form fraternities.
B)belong to youth gangs.
C)meet body piercers.
D)define age sets.
E)share costs and keep the group in balance and define for the group what is entailed in friendship.

Question 9

The United Empire Loyalists in Canada

A)is a women's groups mostly focus on issues related to the domestic domain.
B)are organizations with political motives and dominated by male leaders in Latin America.
C)comprise of people sharing the same ethnic heritage
D)part of organizations with undefined memberships
E)closely related with religion.

Question 10

In the late 1940s young men who had served in the citizen armies of Canada and the United States

A)formed clubs of motorcycle riders.
B)were determined solely by education.
C)were usually measured in terms of income level.
D)were closely correlated with his/her religion.
E)were determined mainly by ethnicity.

Question 11

An extreme form of racial stratification whereby there is legally sanctioned segregation based on categories of race.One such example was South Africa in the 1980s.

A)slavery
B)fascism
C)racism
D)genocide
E)apartheid

Question 12

Molas are

A)gangs in the Solomon Islands
B)cloth with appliquéd designs
C)work groups in Egypt
D)cooperatives in Panama
E)Maori tattoos

Question 13

CO-MADRES are

A)a female biker gang
B)an activist group in El Salvadore
C)a Guatemalan new social movement seeking social justice
D)a protest group that condemned the unethical marketing of breast milk substitutes
E)a Mexican environmental activist group

Question 14

A form of economic group where surpluses are shared among members and decision-making follows the democratic principle of one person,one vote

A)commune
B)cult
C)collective
D)cooperative
E)corporation

Question 15

Daniel Wolf's research among the motorcycle gang in Edmonton,found that the motorcycle club provides these young alienated men with

A)rules of behavior that is not typical of the entire system.
B)a sense of privilege and power among the brothers which appears to be related to abuse of women.
C)the liberty of heavy alcohol use.
D)male competitiveness.
E)an identity and community they cannot find elsewhere.

Question 16

________,an anthropologist who managed to become a member of a motorcycle riders club in Edmonton,describes how and why young working class men find identity and satisfaction in the gang.

A)Daniel R.Wolf
B)James Myers
C)Phyllis Kaberry
D)Max Weber
E)Gerald Berreman

Question 17

In foraging and pastoralist society,this term refers to a group of people close in age who go through certain rituals,such as circumcision,at the same time.

A)age set
B)sisterhood or brotherhood
C)fraternity
D)primary group
E)secondary group

Question 18

A ranked group,determined by birth,often linked to a particular occupation

A)rank
B)class
C)caste
D)status
E)role

Question 19

A feature that unites the Masta Liu of Samoa is

A)their shared sense of in-born power and privilege.
B)their shared unemployment.
C)the fact that they were all circumcised together.
D)their shared position as last-born sons with no claim to the family property.
E)the fact that they came from households with no resident father.

Question 20

In Canada,clubs and fraternities

A)often define membership on some shared identity.
B)are a cross-cultural universal.
C)are no longer an operational.
D)serve as an example of a primary social group.
E)are of great ritual importance but have no economic or political importance.

Question 21

One difference between male and female friendships in rural Spain is that

A)men have fewer friends than women.
B)men's friends are mainly kin,while women's friends are neighbors.
C)men's friendships are more fragile due to competition for jobs and women.
D)men have a greater variety of types of friends than women do.
E)women's friendships are reinforced through spending leisure time together.

Question 22

Friendship fits in the category of a primary social group.

Question 23

Body-modification can create a sense of shared belonging either through the exhibition of the act of body-modification or through the body-modification being used as a sign of affiliation.

Question 24

Meritocratic individualism is the belief that rewards go to those who deserve them.

Question 25

An example of a diaspora ethnic group whose members are discriminated against by "mainstream" society is

A)Han Chinese.
B)irrigation groups of Chiangmai,Thailand.
C)body modifiers of California.
D)CO-MADRES.
E)the Rom (gypsies).

Question 26

Canada's small population in a gigantic territory with only one official language forces a greater use of the imagination.

Question 27

Social stratification occurs solely when individuals are unequal in terms of wealth and material resources.

Question 28

The jajmani system of India

A)has been viewed as a system that links different groups together in mutual support.
B)is declining in importance.
C)involves exchange of services between various caste groups.
D)has been viewed as benefitting the better-off at the expense of the poor.
E)all of the above.

Question 29

Canadian anthropologist Ellen Judd conducted a study of

A)men's political linkages with their patrilineage.
B)women's movement in Bangladesh.
C)political movement in China.
D)youth gangs in Canada.
E)women's movement in China.

Question 30

Tibetans in China are a diaspora population.

Question 31

Members of formal groups have close,face-to-face relationships with one another.

Question 32

As opposed to mechanical solidarity,organic solidarity is based on

A)differences in abilities and resources among people or groups.
B)exploitation and repression of the less powerful by the more powerful.
C)civil society.
D)racial classification.
E)solidarity gained through members undergoing painful body-marking rituals of some sort.

Question 33

Youth work groups are common in sub-Saharan Africa,particularly in settled,crop-growing areas.

Question 34

For many Canadians,membership in social groups beyond the family is an important aspect of life.

Question 35

Social race exists in many societies even if biological races do not.

Question 36

In a village of India,a group of people who control most of the land and may be the numerical majority as well are referred to as

A)the dalits.
B)the primary group.
C)civil society.
D)a diaspora population.
E)the dominant caste.

Question 37

Motorcycle clubs or gangs provide young alienated men with an identity and community.

Question 38

In Guyana,women maintain friendship groups through a pattern of storytelling referred to as "turn-at-talk"

Question 39

A role is the office that one holds in society.

Question 40

In much of Africa,youths who go through circumcision rituals together are said to constitute

A)cooperatives.
B)age sets.
C)secondary groups.
D)non-mainstream groups.
E)separate ethnic groups.

Question 41

What are some of the defining features of a youth gang?

Question 42

Specialized forms of non-kin groups are more common in agricultural and industrial societies than in foraging,horticultural and pastoral societies.

Question 43

Is friendship a social universal? Provides an example of the role of friendship ties in another society.

Question 44

What are some of factors that distinguish formal and informal groups?

Question 45

Canadian anthropologist Thomas Dunk's research focussed on challenges faced by Indo-Canadians in Vancouver,British Columbia.

Question 46

What social role do women's clubs play in Suriname and other Latin American countries?

Question 47

A functionalist interpretation of the jajmani system would see it as providing "safety nets" or "social security" for the service providers.

Question 48

Due to recent legislation of the Indian government,discrimination on the basis of class has been outlawed.

Question 49

How do primary and secondary groups differ? Provide an example for each.

Question 50

Motor cycle gangs are common in Canada.

Question 51

Order of Canada refers to a person's position or status in the country.

Question 52

How is ascribed status different from achieved status?

Question 53

How do mechanical and organic solidarity differ?

Question 54

Canadian anthropologist Ellen Judd studied the SEWA movement in India.

Question 55

The concept of class was especially important to the theories of Karl Marx.

Question 56

What is class?

Question 57

Order of Canada is only given to men of European heritage.

Question 58

In Canada,clubs and fraternities often define membership on some shared identity.

Question 59

Groups formed to help protect the ecology in contemporary nations fit in the category of civil society.

Question 60

According to Canadian anthropologist Stanley Barrett,racism does not exist in Canada.

Question 61

In China,Canadian anthropologist Judd was not allowed to join the local ________ or to speak privately with any ________ participants.

Question 62

One way that dominant caste groups maintain their power in India is through ________.

Question 63

What social lessons does the study of CO-MADRES offer?

Question 64

How do cultural anthropologists define youth gangs?

Question 65

A less difficult but still not easy adjustment is being experienced by ________ immigrants in Canada.

Question 66

Canadian anthropologist Daniel Wolf argues that the ________ club provide these young alienated men with ________ and ________ that they cannot find elsewhere.

Question 67

India's system of social ranking is referred to as the ________ system.

Question 68

Discuss the challenges faced by Ellen Judd while conducting research in China.

Question 69

________ is the more acceptable term than "untouchable" for the people in India who are in the lowest rank of the caste system.

Question 70

Research among a sample of nearly 300 Indo-Canadians in ________ revealed that about half of all the respondents reported experiencing some form of ________ in the recent past.

Question 71

Describe the significant findings of Daniel Wolf's research among the motorcycle gangs in Alberta.

Question 72

The term used to refer to groups of people who are displaced or dispersed from their original homeland is ________ population.

Question 73

What is meant by mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity?

Question 74

What are the four main varnas in India and how are they defined in terms of ritual purity and in relation to the dalits?

Question 75

________ of El Salvador,developed into a full-fledged and successful campaign for international solidarity in the 1980s,with support in other Latin American countries,Europe,Australia,the United States,and Canada.

Question 76

Explain the general features of India's caste system and how it works.Compare and contrast it with what the textbook says about apartheid in South Africa.

Question 77

Discuss Stanley Barrett's views on racism in Canada .

Question 78

Compare and contrast urban youth gangs with North American college fraternities in terms of three features of your choice (such as motivations for joining,rituals of initiation or solidarity,relationship with the wider society,anthropological theories concerning them).

Question 79

What is civil society?

Question 80

Why is Thomas Dunk's research among working-class men in Thunder Bay,Ontario important?