Deck 10: Politics, Conflict, and Social Order

Question 1

Tribes are found in the Middle East,South Asia,the Pacific,Africa and

A)elsewhere.
B)Europe.
C)United States.
D)Canada.
E)among First Nations people in North America.

Answer 1

among First Nations people in North America.

Question 2

Which of the following is not characteristic of a big-man or a big-woman in politics?

A)big-men and big-women have ascribed status
B)success is achieved through getting kin,spouses and nonkin to produce surpluses
C)though successful big-men and big-women tend to we wealthier,it is expected that they demonstrate great generosity
D)political status can be lost,though the children of big-men and big-women are much more likely to become big-men and big-women themselves
E)examples of big-women may include powerful sorcerers,healers and successful gardeners

Answer 2

big-men and big-women have ascribed status

Question 3

A binding rule created through enactment or custom that defines right and reasonable behaviour and is enforceable by threat of punishment

A)norm
B)law
C)tradition
D)edict
E)regulation

Answer 3

law

Question 4

The ability to take action based on achieved status,ascribed status or moral reputation.

A)politics
B)power
C)influence
D)authority
E)political organization

Question 5

A system of mandatory noncash contributions to the state

A)tribute
B)slavery
C)labour taxation
D)in-kind taxation
E)serfdom

Question 6

The history of political anthropology in the twentieth century

A)includes attention to both individual agency and the structural.
B)is best characterized as influenced by Marxism.
C)has been consistently dominated by the emic approach.
D)is characterized by almost exclusive attention to state-level societies.
E)none of the above: this subfield is so recent that it has no history.

Question 7

Abundant resources allowed the Rainy River ________ to control access to their territory and ________ had to abide by Grand Council's rules when moving through the territory.

A)Tiv;missionaries.
B)Ashanti;visitors.
C)Cheyenne;revenue collectors.
D)Cree;other tribal members
E)Ojibwa;colonial officials

Question 8

Each village in the ________ confederacy of southern Ontario had a chief and there were regional and confederacy councils that brought chiefs from all the villages.

A)Ojibwa
B)Cree
C)Huron
D)Cherokee
E)Iroquois

Question 9

Ethnohistorical research found that the Ojibwa of northwestern Ontario,who were previously thought to have lived in small,mutually hostile bands,participated in

A)big-man type politics.
B)a tribe-wide organization called the Grand Council.
C)a band level of political organization.
D)pastoralist tribal formation linked into a confederacy.
E)moka relationships.

Question 10

One basic definition of nation is that it is a group of people who share a language,culture,territorial base,political organization and history.In this sense,a nation is culturally homogeneous,and thus,________ would not be considered a nation but rather a unit composed of many nations.

A)Iraq
B)Canada
C)Indonesia
D)Pakistan
E)Bangladesh

Question 11

Bronislaw Malinowski's classic book Crime and Custom in Savage Society is an example of

A)Marxism
B)postmodernism
C)ethnocentrism
D)historical particularism
E)functionalism

Question 12

The Huron confederacy,called ________,included five distinct groups living in the region around Lake Simcoe,Georgian Bay,and Lake Huron in southern Ontario.

A)wendat
B)troop
C)band
D)chiefdom
E)the family

Question 13

In northwestern Ontario,________ religious leaders were successful in resisting Christian missionizing for a longer period of time.

A)Inuit
B)Iroquois
C)Cree
D)Huron
E)Ojibwa

Question 14

A form of political organization common among foraging groups with minimal leadership and flexible membership.

A)tribe
B)band
C)chiefdom
D)confederacy
E)state

Question 15

Which of the following is not necessarily true of a nation?

A)nations correspond to states
B)nations share a language
C)nations have a territorial base
D)nations may be seen as a threat to the state
E)states may seek to create unified nations in their territory

Question 16

Long-term,retributive violence that may be lethal between families,groups of families,or tribes.

A)war
B)revolution
C)feuding
D)guerilla warfare
E)honour killing

Question 17

The iyalode was

A)a traditional Yoruba chief of the women
B)a Melanesian big-man
C)the Ashanti Queen Mother
D)Pocahontas title
E)a Hawaiian big-woman

Question 18

Many anthropologists feel that "real" politics did not exist in undisturbed band societies such as the Ju/wasi of southern Africa,the Andaman Islanders of India and the

A)Inuit of northern Canada and Alaska.
B)Kaypo of Brazilian Amazon.
C)Edo of Nigeria.
D)Ashanti of Ghana.
E)Kurds of Turkey and Iraq.

Question 19

The main distinction between a chiefdom and a big-man or big-woman form of social organization:

A)a chief holds achieved status,unlike a big-man or big-woman
B)chiefdoms are limited to one village while a big-man or big-woman will oversee production in several villages
C)when chiefs die,they must be replaced as they play a greater role in regulating production,distribution,and solving internal conflicts.
D)a big-man or big-woman is replaced by their son or their daughter when they die,while a chief is elected by a council
E)a chief is solely ascribed,while a big-man or big-woman is solely achieved

Question 20

The Amish and ________,Christian immigrant groups from Europe,rely on ________ more than most cultural groups in the United States and Canada.

A)Uzbeks;formal leadership
B)Tajiks;big-woman politics
C)Kazakhs;state-level form of government
D)Kirghiz;band organization
E)Mennonites;internalized social controls

Question 21

Control of internal irrigations systems or control of external trade were often important factors in the emergence of chiefdoms.

Question 22

Recent ethnohistorical research argues that the Ojibwa of northwestern Ontario participated in a tribal- wide organization called the Grand Council that involved

A)a segmentary model.
B)organic solidarity.
C)factional politics.
D)a band model.
E)ranked male leaders including a Grand Chief,civil chiefs,war chiefs and others.

Question 23

Compared to tribes,chiefdoms have larger populations,often numbering in the thousands,and are more centralized and socially complex.

Question 24

The form of political organization called the state is characterized by

A)a way of maintaining demographic records about its citizens.
B)a standing army.
C)control of information (propaganda).
D)its ability to define citizenship.
E)all of the above.

Question 25

In some cases,European domination led to greater political equality between men and women as it sometimes diminished warfare,one of the traditional paths to power for men.

Question 26

The functionalist view of politics emphasizes

A)that all primates,human and nonhuman,exhibit political behavior.
B)how change in politics is related to change in people's values and symbols.
C)how political systems maintain social cohesion.
D)that politics is the basis for social conflict.
E)how male and female roles in politics are complementary.

Question 27

A headman or headwoman relies on power to enforce his or her decisions.

Question 28

________ in Canada make up 3 percent of the total population,yet account for 12 percent of federal prison admissions.

A)Yoruba
B)First Nations
C)Indo-Canadians
D)Seneca
E)Kurds

Question 29

When a person transfers resources to his or her leader(s)in the form of labor or goods rather than cash,this practice is referred to as

A)exploitation.
B)the underground economy.
C)in-kind taxation.
D)segmentary model.
E)moka.

Question 30

Religious beliefs and symbols are often closely tied to the power of state leadership.

Question 31

Women never play a prominent role in chiefdoms.

Question 32

While one could draw examples from many countries about how racial biases and discrimination affect legal processes,the example given in your text is among the ________ in Canada.

A)Sikhs
B)First Nations peoples
C)Bangladeshis
D)Pakistanis
E)Chinese

Question 33

Power relationships within the household are forms of political organization.

Question 34

Formal taxation most characterizes which form of political organization?

A)band
B)tribe
C)chiefdom
D)state
E)All of the above: all forms of political organization must be able to raise resources from their people.

Question 35

In northwestern Ontario,seasonal gatherings of the Ojibwas in large groupings at maple groves,fishing stations,berry patches,garden sites,and rice fields led to

A)leadership through gift-giving to the hamlet.
B)evidences of strong factions.
C)the foundations for hereditary leadership roles for both men and women.
D)the foundation for tribal government and Ojibwa military power
E)evidences for the heavy reliance on expensive media campaigns by potential leaders.

Question 36

An example of a culture with a political system that relies primarily on redistribution is

A)the Ju/wasi of the Kalahari.
B)people of Mt.Hagen,Papua New Guinea.
C)Ukraine.
D)rural Burgundy,France.
E)Kuwait.

Question 37

The Huron confederation called wendat included five distinct groups living in the region around

A)Lake Simcoe,Georgian Bay,and Lake Huron in southern Ontario.
B)Lake Michigan,Lake Huron and Lake Ontario.
C)Lake Huron.
D)Lake Simcoe.
E)Lake Erie.

Question 38

Functionalism emphasized how political institutions promote social cohesion.

Question 39

Canadian anthropologist,Thomas Abler compared ________ incidents of scalping,torture,and cannibalism to the ________ incidents of rape during warfare.

A)Melanesian;the South Pacific.
B)Southeast Asian;South Asian.
C)First Nations;European
D)Central American;North American.
E)Middle Eastern;Southeast Asian.

Question 40

The first penitentiary in Canada was built in ________ in 1835.

A)Toronto
B)Vancouver
C)Richmond
D)Kingston
E)Halifax

Question 41

Capital punishment is a common form of social control in small-scale societies.

Question 42

In tribal forms of political organization,a combination of achievement and ascription is typically the basis of leadership.

Question 43

Ethnic pluralism is the norm in most states in the world today.

Question 44

The Mennonites rely on internalized social order more than other cultural groups in Canada.

Question 45

Mexican state symbols emphasize mestizaje symbols as a means of creating a unified identity,while marginalizing existing indigenous communities in the nation-state of Mexico.

Question 46

In Manitoba,typical of western Canada,more than half of all inmates are from First Nations.

Question 47

The form of political organization that is typically found among horticulturalists is the band.

Question 48

The first penitentiary in Canada was built in Halifax in 1835.

Question 49

Postcolonial states do not tolerate a plurality of legal systems within their borders.

Question 50

What is a segmentary model of political organization?

Question 51

Abundant resources,especially wild rice and sturgeon,allowed Rainy River Ojibwa in the mid-nineteenth century to control access to their territory.

Question 52

What is political organization?

Question 53

Each village in the Huron confederacy had a Grand Council.

Question 54

In Canada,the prison populations in both federal and provincial jurisdictions dropped in the 1990s and exceeded the levels of incarceration observed in the United States.

Question 55

In order to have a central governance,the Huron confederacy in southern Ontario,expelled the chiefs from all villages.

Question 56

Practices in the justice system in Canada result in lawyers spending more time with First Nations clients than with other clients.

Question 57

________ is the ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group.

Question 58

Most scholars now agree that one factor population growth is the single cause of the origin of the state.

Question 59

During warfare in the seventeenth century,the practice of raping women was common among First Nations and European frontiersmen.

Question 60

Pocahontas played an important role in First Nations-British relations during the early colonial period.

Question 61

The ________ called ________,included five distinct groups living in the region around Lake Simcoe,Georgian Bay,and Lake Huron in southern Ontario.

Question 62

What are the "weapons of the weak"?

Question 63

________ played an important role in First Nations-British relations during the early colonial period.

Question 64

Describe briefly the Huron confederacy of southern Ontario.

Question 65

Contrast power with authority.

Question 66

A contemporary nation that has,or has recently had,a woman as head of state is ________.

Question 67

What is a major difference between band organization and big-man or big-woman political organization?

Question 68

What are the primary forms of social control in foragers and horticulturalists?

Question 69

In ________ more than half of all inmates are from First Nations.

Question 70

The maintenance of a full-time,standing army is a characteristic of the form of political organization known as the ________.

Question 71

What is an example of research in cultural anthropology that has examined local politics within contemporary states?

Question 72

Were the Iroquois an example of a matriarchy?

Question 73

List 5 features that define states.

Question 74

Provide two cultural examples of how colonialism brought about decreased political leadership roles for women.

Question 75

How does moka define big-man leadership in Papua New Guinea?

Question 76

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in north-eastern North America,several incidents of warfare occurred between the advancing ________ and groups of ________.

Question 77

When tribal groups come together in the face of an outside threat but then subsequently break apart,this is called a ________ of organization.

Question 78

When a leader has strong lateral ties with followers,often involving the leader's provision of patronage and gifts to followers,this kind of political group is called a ________.

Question 79

What is a nation?

Question 80

How does a norm differ from a law?