Question 1

A child's BMI is plotted on a growth chart at the 90th percentile. How would this child's BMI be interpreted?&#10;A) The child has a normal BMI.&#10;B) The child is at risk for becoming overweight.&#10;C) The child is overweight.&#10;D) The child is obese.

Accepted Answer

A child's BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile is defined as being at risk for becoming overweight. An overweight child is one whose BMI is above the 95th percentile. For a child to be considered obese, the BMI has to be significantly above the 95th percentile.

Question 2

During which stage of cognitive development can children identify foods that are &#34;good for you&#34; but probably could not give a reason?&#10;A) Sensorimotor stage&#10;B) Preoperational stage&#10;C) Concrete operations stage&#10;D) Formal operations stage

Accepted Answer

Classifying foods as "good" or "bad" without explanation is a characteristic of preoperational thinking. Sensorimotor cognitive development occurs in the first 2 years of life as an infant progresses from automatic reflexes to interactions with the environment. Concrete operational cognition involves more cause-and-effect thinking. Formal operational cognition involves hypothetical and abstract thinking.

Question 3

Which children are at risk for having a zinc intake lower than the recommended level?&#10;A) Those who do not eat meat or seafood.&#10;B) Those who do not receive zinc supplementation.&#10;C) Those who drink too much milk.&#10;D) Those who do not like many vegetables.

Accepted Answer

Primary sources of zinc in the diet are foods of animal origin. Because of the costs of meat and seafood, children from families with low incomes are more at risk for developing zinc deficiency. Milk and vegetables are not primary sources of zinc.

Question 4

What may a child be at risk for if she drinks large amounts of apple or pear juice throughout the day and limited amounts of water or milk?&#10;A) Diarrhea&#10;B) Hypervitaminosis A&#10;C) Overhydration&#10;D) Constipation

Accepted Answer

The high osmolality of apple and pear juices can contribute to carbohydrate malabsorption and diarrhea and therefore should not be used in situations in which fluid replacement is needed. Additionally, excessive fruit juice consumption has been associated with growth failure in children. The juice can replace other food sources of energy and protein, contributing to the child's not feeling hungry but not providing the nutrients necessary for adequate growth. Constipation may result from a poor fiber intake.

Question 5

Food insecure families in the United States&#10;A) contribute to poor outcomes in children.&#10;B) are associated with inadequate iron intake in children 3 years and under.&#10;C) are served by SNAP, WIC, and school lunch.&#10;D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

In 2013 in the United States, 11% of households experienced food insecurity. Federal food assistance programs provided services to about 60% of them. Food insecurity is associated with poor outcomes in children. It increases the risk of iron deficiency anemia in children 3 years and under.

Question 6

What is the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation on the use of supplements for children?&#10;A) Routine multiple vitamin and mineral supplements should be given.&#10;B) No routine supplementation is needed except fluoride in nonfluoridated areas.&#10;C) Maximal doses of vitamins and minerals should be given because it is uncertain that children will eat enough of the nutrients in food.&#10;D) Supplements should not be restricted because children are growing so rapidly that overdosing is unlikely.

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supports the use of diet as the means for providing adequate intake of vitamins and minerals to healthy children. Fluoride is the only mineral advocated for supplementation in children. However, some children may be at risk for inadequate nutrition, and for these exceptions, the AAP is supportive of supplementation. These include children from deprived families, children with anorexia or those following fad diets, children with chronic disease, and children following diets to treat obesity.

Question 7

Which of the following results from zinc deficiency in a child's diet?&#10;A) Increased fat stores&#10;B) Short stature&#10;C) Chronic diarrhea&#10;D) Mental retardation

Accepted Answer

Zinc is necessary for growth, and improving zinc intake has been beneficial in treating stunted growth and underweight in children. Children develop increased fat stores by taking in an excess of calories compared with energy needs. Chronic diarrhea may be associated with excess intake of fruit juices. Mental retardation may result from a number of nutrient deficiencies and from lead toxicity.

Question 8

Which of the following tends to be a positive development in childhood eating habits that can result from peer influences?&#10;A) Selection of nutritious versus nonnutritious foods&#10;B) Willingness to try new foods&#10;C) Table manners&#10;D) Adequate time to eat

Accepted Answer

Eating with other children affects food attitudes and choices. This can be both negative and positive. On the negative side can be the development of food refusals and behaviors associated with meal time. On the positive side, children who see other children trying different foods will be more willing to try the new foods as well. Children cannot differentiate foods based on nutritional value, so they cannot self-select nutritious foods over nonnutritious foods. Table manners are generally dictated by an adult influence.

Question 9

Which of the following has been demonstrated by research to be TRUE regarding diet and autism spectrum disorder?&#10;A) Research has not linked a dietary cause to autism.&#10;B) Autism results from a food allergy.&#10;C) Gluten in the diet leads to autism.&#10;D) Fluoride in the water has been linked to autism.

Accepted Answer

Although a number of dietary factors have been investigated, research has not demonstrated these to be the cause of autism or to be helpful in the treatment of autism.

Question 10

The recommendation for fiber in preschool and school age children&#10;A) is 5 g/day.&#10;B) is 14 g/kcal.&#10;C) is 14 g/day.&#10;D) is not part of the DRIs.

Accepted Answer

Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRIs) for fiber in children is the same as that for adults-14 g/kcal. Surveys indicate that current intake in the United States is much lower than this recommendation.

Question 11

What is the most accurate means for determining the energy requirements (EER) of a child?&#10;A) Based on growth rate&#10;B) Based on age and height&#10;C) Based on age&#10;D) Based on calories per kilogram

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most accurate means for...

Question 12

What is an appropriate food serving size for a 2-year-old child?&#10;A) 2 tsp&#10;B) 2 Tbsp&#10;C) 1/2 cup&#10;D) 1 cup

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an appropriate food serving size...

Question 13

Which of the following may cause a preschool child to eat less food at a meal?&#10;A) Providing the child with a short-handled spoon or fork.&#10;B) Providing food at a warm temperature, not too hot or cold.&#10;C) Scheduling feeding time right after play or activity.&#10;D) Serving foods so they do not touch one another on the plate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following may cause a...

Question 14

What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend in regard to calories from fat in the diet of a young child?&#10;A) Limit fat calories to 30% of total caloric intake.&#10;B) Limit fat calories to 20% of total caloric intake.&#10;C) Fat calories should only be limited in extreme circumstances.&#10;D) Fat calories should be limited for every child older than 1 year of age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the American Academy of Pediatrics...

Question 15

What reason would most likely explain why a 1-year-old child is experiencing iron deficiency?&#10;A) Excessive fruit juice consumption&#10;B) Excessive milk consumption&#10;C) Child is feeding herself, particularly finger foods&#10;D) Child is eating table foods

Accepted Answer

The answer of What reason would most likely explain why...

Question 16

What may be a consequence of a child experiencing an early adiposity rebound?&#10;A) An increased ratio of lean mass to fat mass as an adolescent.&#10;B) An increased ratio of lean mass to fat mass as an adult.&#10;C) An increased ratio of fat mass to lean mass as an adult.&#10;D) An increased height-to-weight ratio as an adult.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What may be a consequence of a...

Question 17

Which factor has NOT been associated with failure to thrive?&#10;A) Food restriction caused by parental concerns about obesity&#10;B) Inadequate fiber intake&#10;C) Excessive fruit juice intake&#10;D) Providing small, frequent meals

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor has NOT been associated with...

Question 18

Which of the following are appropriate general guidelines for measurements to assess the growth of a child?&#10;A) Growth measurements should be made at 1, 4, and 10 years.&#10;B) After the child's channel on the growth charts has been determined, it is not necessary to reevaluate on a regular basis.&#10;C) Growth measurements of height, weight, and weight for height should be determined at regular intervals.&#10;D) After the growth pattern is established, it will not change until adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are appropriate general...

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT associated with impaired academic performance in children?&#10;A) Iron deficiency&#10;B) Food insecurity&#10;C) Skipping breakfast&#10;D) Bringing lunch from home

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT associated...

Deck 17: Nutrition in Childhood