Question 1

Which of the following enhances the absorption of dietary iron and iron supplements?&#10;A) Calcium-containing foods&#10;B) Carbohydrates&#10;C) Vitamin C&#10;D) Magnesium

Accepted Answer

Factors in food related to improved bioavailability of iron include heme form, MFP factor, and vitamin C. Factors in food that may decrease bioavailability of iron include chelators such as phytate, oxalate, carbonate, and phosphate, which are often found in fibrous foods; tannins in tea and coffee; phosvitin in egg yolk; and possible competition with other minerals.

Question 2

Although severe microcytic hypochromic anemia is present, which of the following is also a characteristic of sideroblastic anemia?&#10;A) Iron overload&#10;B) Low serum iron levels&#10;C) High serum iron and low tissue iron levels&#10;D) Low tissue iron levels

Accepted Answer

Sideroblastic anemia presents with iron overload as an impairment in heme formation resulting in a sequestering of iron in immature red blood cells. Iron levels in both the serum and in ferritin stores measure as either normal or high.

Question 3

Which form of folate is the one that becomes "trapped" when vitamin B₁₂ deficiency occurs? A) Folate B) THFA C) 5-Methyl THFA D) 5,10-Methyl THFA

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for the removal of the 5-methyl unit from 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate to transfer it to homocysteine to produce methionine. Folate is the typical form consumed in foods and is converted to THFA in the enterocyte. 5,10-Methyl THFA is the precursor form that leads to DNA synthesis.

Question 4

In what stage of iron deficiency does the value of soluble serum transferrin receptors measure as high as in the blood?&#10;A) Stage I early negative iron balance&#10;B) Stage II iron depletion&#10;C) Stage III iron-deficient erythropoiesis&#10;D) Stage IV iron deficiency anemia

Accepted Answer

Transferrin receptors are generated on the surface of the red blood cells when iron is needed. As iron deficiency develops, so many of the STRs develop that some start breaking off and become soluble in the blood. When high numbers of the STRs are measured, this is usually during Stage II of iron deficiency. During Stage I, STR levels may still measure in the normal range. In Stages III and IV, STR levels are very high.

Question 5

Which of the following foods provide significant amounts of folate in the diet?&#10;A) Fish and seafood&#10;B) Milk products&#10;C) Fresh fruit and vegetables&#10;D) Eggs and poultry

Accepted Answer

Fresh, uncooked fruits and vegetables are good sources of folate, as are legumes, tofu, and organ meats. Poultry, fish, eggs, meat, and dairy products provide small amounts of folate but not as much as fruits and vegetables. Because of fortification, grain products are also significant sources of folate in the United States.

Question 6

Restless legs syndrome is associated with deficiency of what nutrient? A) Iron B) Folic acid C) Vitamin B₁₂ D) Vitamin C

Accepted Answer

Restless legs syndrome with leg pain or discomfort may result from a lack of iron in the brain, which alters dopamine production and movement. In addition to iron deficiency, kidney failure, Parkinson disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis are implicated in this disorder.

Question 7

Which of the following may reduce the absorption of iron when consumed in large amounts?&#10;A) Coffee or tea with meals&#10;B) Leavened bread&#10;C) Pork&#10;D) Fish

Accepted Answer

Taken with meals, coffee and tea can reduce the absorption of iron by 50% because of their tannin content. Unleavened breads tend to be higher in phytates, which can chelate iron. The iron in pork and fish tends to be heme iron, and MFP factor in these foods promotes improved absorption of the iron.

Question 8

Hepcidin, a peptide synthesized in the liver, is associated with what function? A) Absorption of vitamin B₁₂ B) Iron saturation of myoglobin C) Increasing iron absorption D) Systemic iron homeostasis

Accepted Answer

Hepcidin regulates iron transport from iron-exporting tissues into plasma.

Question 9

What causes pernicious anemia? A) Problem with vitamin B₁₂ intake or absorption B) A loss of blood through the gastrointestinal tract C) A lack of iron from both heme and nonheme iron sources D) Interference with pyridoxine metabolism

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia results from vitamin B₁₂ deficiency, usually resulting from a lack of intrinsic factor to ensure adequate absorption. GI blood loss and inadequate iron intake are more likely to be associated with an iron deficiency anemia. Sideroblastic anemia results from an impairment in heme synthesis, which depends on adequate pyridoxine availability.

Question 10

Which of the following food groupings has the greatest iron content?&#10;A) Milk, raisins, and spinach&#10;B) Broccoli, Rice Krispies, and black beans&#10;C) Kidney beans, pistachio nuts, and eggs&#10;D) Tuna fish, beef tenderloin steak, and chicken liver

Accepted Answer

Heme iron is the organic form in meat, fish, and poultry. It is much better absorbed than nonheme iron.

Question 11

Which protein is most responsible for the transport of vitamin B₁₂ to target cells in the body? A) Haptocorrin B) Intrinsic factor C) Holotranscobalamin I D) Holotranscobalamin II

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which protein is most responsible for the...

Question 12

The Shilling test is useful in diagnosing which type of anemia?&#10;A) Pernicious&#10;B) Iron deficiency&#10;C) Hemolytic&#10;D) Medication induced

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Shilling test is useful in diagnosing...

Question 13

Which biochemical measure is useful in evaluating the body's folate stores?&#10;A) Serum folate level&#10;B) Red blood cell folate level&#10;C) Urinary formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU)&#10;D) Serum homocysteine level

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which biochemical measure is useful in evaluating...

Question 14

Foods high in _____ should be avoided by individuals with sickle cell anemia.&#10;A) protein&#10;B) folate&#10;C) iron&#10;D) vitamin A

Accepted Answer

The answer of Foods high in _____ should be avoided...

Question 15

How does pernicious anemia differ from folate deficiency?&#10;A) Pernicious anemia is easily treated by dietary alterations.&#10;B) Pernicious anemia affects the central and peripheral nervous systems.&#10;C) Pernicious anemia is reversible with treatment.&#10;D) Pernicious anemia results in microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does pernicious anemia differ from folate...

Question 16

After absorption, iron is transported by&#10;A) hemoglobin.&#10;B) serum albumin.&#10;C) plasma transferrin.&#10;D) protoporphyrin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After absorption, iron is transported by&#10;A) hemoglobin.&#10;B)...

Question 17

Which nutrient deficiency is associated with the development of hemolytic anemia? A) Iron B) Vitamin B₆ C) Vitamin E D) Folate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nutrient deficiency is associated with the...

Question 18

What does the quantity plasma ferritin value reflect when iron status is evaluated?&#10;A) Supply of iron delivered to developing red blood cells&#10;B) The most sensitive indicator of negative iron balance&#10;C) Total iron-binding capacity&#10;D) Iron supply to the tissues

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the quantity plasma ferritin value...

Question 19

Which of the following may be useful in treating sickle cell anemia?&#10;A) Iron&#10;B) Ascorbic acid&#10;C) Zinc&#10;D) Copper

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following may be useful...

Question 20

Which nutrient deficiency is most likely to cause an anemia that appears microcytic and hypochromic? A) Folic acid B) Pyridoxine C) Iron D) Vitamin B₁₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which nutrient deficiency is most likely to...

Deck 32: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia