Question 1

How does an elevation in body temperature with fever affect the metabolic rate?&#10;A) It does not change the metabolic rate.&#10;B) It increases the metabolic rate by 7% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.&#10;C) It increases the metabolic rate by 14% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.&#10;D) It decreases the metabolic rate by 7% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.

Accepted Answer

Fever causes an increase in body temperature. For every degree Fahrenheit above the normal 98.6° F, the BMR increases by 7%.

Question 2

When is basal metabolism at its highest rate?&#10;A) During the digestion of a meal&#10;B) During periods of sleep&#10;C) During periods of exercise&#10;D) During periods of rapid growth

Accepted Answer

Because basal metabolism only accounts for the proportion of energy necessary for support of life functions, it does not include energy increase after eating (TEF) or during exercise (AT). During infancy, childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy, basal metabolism increases as FFM increases.

Question 3

A particular food provides 100 kcal. How many kJ does this equal?&#10;A) 420&#10;B) 480&#10;C) 4200&#10;D) 4800

Accepted Answer

One kilocalorie is equal to 4.184 kJ (100 kcal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4.2 kJ/kcal = 420 kJ).

Question 4

A cocktail containing 10 g of alcohol and 20 g of carbohydrate would provide how many calories?&#10;A) 150&#10;B) 170&#10;C) 120&#10;D) 220

Accepted Answer

Alcohol contains 7 kcal/g. 10 g · 7 kcal/g = 70 kcal. Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal/g. 20 · 4 kcal/g = 80 kcal. 70 + 80 = 150 kcal.

Question 5

Which of these best describes the change in the metabolic rate during pregnancy?&#10;A) It decreases as a result of a decrease in maternal physical activity.&#10;B) It increases as a result of fetal growth.&#10;C) It increases as a result of fetal growth and maternal cardiac output.&#10;D) It decreases as a result of an increase in maternal adipose tissue.

Accepted Answer

Hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy support the changes in the maternal body to support the growth of the fetus. These changes include the growth of metabolically active tissue in the uterus, placenta, and fetus. Additionally, blood volume is increased, and cardiac workload increases. Because the metabolic rate is dependent on metabolically active tissues, as these increase and the heart's work increases, the overall metabolic rate increases.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the contribution of physical activity to total energy expenditure?&#10;A) It accounts for 10% of total energy expenditure.&#10;B) Its contribution to total energy expenditure increases with age.&#10;C) Its contribution to total energy expenditure is most consistent during childhood.&#10;D) It is the most variable component of total energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

Activity thermogenesis is highly variable and dependent on body size and the efficiency of individual habits of motion. Whereas the thermic effect of food tends to be about 10% of TEE, AT can range from 100 kcal/day in sedentary people to 3000 kcal/day in highly active people. AT tends to decrease with age, and it tends to be variable during childhood.

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is necessary to obtain an accurate measure of a patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?&#10;A) Test at the end of the day when the patient is ready to go to sleep.&#10;B) Test 4 to 6 hours after the last meal.&#10;C) Test in the morning after the patient has awakened.&#10;D) Test in environmental conditions equal to body temperature.

Accepted Answer

For an accurate measurement of BMR, the test should be performed when the body is using its minimum amount of energy, usually in the morning after waking, and at least 10 to 12 hours after the last meal so as to not include the thermic effect of food. Climates above 86° F increase metabolism because of sweat gland activity.

Question 8

What is the clinical method for measuring human energy expenditure?&#10;A) Bomb calorimetry&#10;B) Indirect calorimetry&#10;C) Doubly labeled water&#10;D) Direct calorimetry

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in hospital settings. The piece of equipment is known as a metabolic cart or monitor. Other methods of measuring energy expenditure include doubly labeled water and direct calorimetry; however, these are not practical for clinical practice. Bomb calorimetry measures the energy available from food.

Question 9

If a patient's body temperature were 104.6&#176; F, what would the BMR be compared with normal?&#10;A) 58% of normal&#10;B) 135% of normal&#10;C) 142% of normal&#10;D) 178% of normal

Accepted Answer

An increase in body temperature increases the BMR by 7% for every degree Fahrenheit above the normal 98.6° F (104.6 - 98.6 = 6° F; 6° F F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 7% ÷ 1° F = 42%).

Question 10

A dish has 60 g of carbohydrate, 35 g of protein, and 25 g of fat. How many total kilocalories are in the dish?&#10;A) 480 kcal&#10;B) 555 kcal&#10;C) 605 kcal&#10;D) 655 kcal

Accepted Answer

One gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kcal. One gram of protein provides 4 kcal. One gram of fat provides 9 kcal. Therefore, (60 g carb F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4 kcal ÷ g carb) + (35 g prot F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4 kcal ÷ g prot) + (25 g fat F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 9 kcal ÷ g fat) = 240 kcal + 140 kcal + 225 kcal = 605 kcal.

Question 11

How is the determination of the physical activity level (PAL) categories beyond sedentary different from the sedentary category?&#10;A) They are based on METs.&#10;B) They are based on the pace of walking.&#10;C) They are based on the total time spent doing physical activity.&#10;D) They are based on types of physical activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the determination of the physical...

Question 12

What does indirect calorimetry measure?&#10;A) The amount of heat produced by the body at rest&#10;B) The energy potential of foods consumed&#10;C) Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion&#10;D) The resting metabolic rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does indirect calorimetry measure?&#10;A) The amount...

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT increase the thermic effect of food (TEF)?&#10;A) Carbohydrates&#10;B) Fat&#10;C) Regular eating schedule&#10;D) Spicy foods

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does NOT increase...

Question 14

Studies have shown that which factor(s) is (are) the primary determinant of an individual's resting energy expenditure (RMR)?&#10;A) The amount of lean body mass&#10;B) The amount of adipose tissue&#10;C) A person's age, gender, and health status&#10;D) The individual's body weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies have shown that which factor(s) is...

Question 15

In research regarding the measurement of activity-related energy expenditure, what method is used to validate uniaxial and triaxial monitors of human movement?&#10;A) Doubly labeled water&#10;B) Indirect calorimetry&#10;C) Heart rate monitor&#10;D) Physical activity questionnaire

Accepted Answer

The answer of In research regarding the measurement of activity-related...

Question 16

A respiratory quotient of 0.64 would most likely occur in which of these patients?&#10;A) A pregnant woman&#10;B) A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis&#10;C) A trauma patient in the ICU&#10;D) Someone who had just eaten a high-fat meal

Accepted Answer

The answer of A respiratory quotient of 0.64 would most...

Question 17

How many kilocalories are in 4 oz of 40-proof schnapps?&#10;A) 28 kcal&#10;B) 64 kcal&#10;C) 128 kcal&#10;D) 240 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many kilocalories are in 4 oz...

Question 18

The respiratory quotient (RQ) is highest after consumption of a diet that is primarily composed of what?&#10;A) Carbohydrate&#10;B) Protein&#10;C) Fat&#10;D) Mixed macronutrients

Accepted Answer

The answer of The respiratory quotient (RQ) is highest after...

Deck 2: Intake: Energy