Deck 18: Introduction to the Human Body: Medical Terminology, Cells, Tissues, and the Body Compass

Question 1

Which part is the network of microfilaments and microtubules that provides an internal structure to many cells?

A) Cytosol
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Plasma membrane
D) Cytoskeleton

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Many cells contain a network of microfilaments and microtubules called a cytoskeleton. This network serves as scaffolding material to provide an internal structure to the cell.

Question 2

Which component is the smallest structural and functional unit that can exist as a self-sustaining entity?

A) Cell
B) Atom
C) Particle
D) Molecule

Answer 2

A
Explanation: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit that can exist as a self-sustaining entity.

Question 3

Which suffix means pain?

A) -algia
B) -emia
C) -itis
D) -plasia

Answer 3

A
Explanation: -algia means pain, as in fibromyalgia or neuralgia.

Question 4

Which organelle breaks down unneeded proteins and pathogens by engulfing and destroying them using digestive enzymes?

A) Nucleus
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Ribosome

Question 5

What are fingerlike cellular extensions called?

A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Spinoza
D) Microvilli

Question 6

Which suffix means cell?

A) -blast
B) -cele
C) -clast
D) -cyte

Question 7

Which term means the inner region of an organ or structure?

A) Medulla
B) Cortex
C) Ipsilateral
D) Transverse

Question 8

Which organelle is a network of curved sacs arranged in parallel rows found near the center of a cell that helps transport materials?

A) Nucleus
B) Golgi body
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Which organelle is the control center of the cell, directing most metabolic activities?

A) Nucleus
B) Golgi body
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Which term means the space within a hollow or tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine?

A) Cortex
B) Lumen
C) Ipsilateral
D) Transverse

Question 11

Which sequence represents how the body is organized from least complex to most?

A) Cells, tissues, membranes, organs, organ systems, organism
B) Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
C) Cells, chemicals, organs, tissues, organ systems
D) Chemicals, molecules, tissues, cells, organism

Question 12

Which term means the study of how the body and its individual parts function in normal body processes?

A) Anatomy
B) Pathology
C) Physiology
D) Craniotomy

Question 13

Which term means the tendency of the body's internal environment to remain relatively constant with a narrow range of change?

A) Anatomy
B) Hemostasis
C) Physiology
D) Homeostasis

Question 14

Which organelle provides adenosine triphosphate and cellular energy?

A) Nucleus
B) Golgi body
C) Mitochondrion
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which prefix means within or inside?

A) Dors-
B) Endo-
C) Epi-
D) Histo-

Question 16

Which term means the study of the structures of the human body and their positional relationships to one another?

A) Anatomy
B) Pathology
C) Physiology
D) Craniotomy

Question 17

Which term is another name for intracellular fluid?

A) Nucleus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondrion
D) Cytoskeleton

Question 18

Which structure separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid and functions like a semipermeable filter?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Cytoplasm
C) Mitochondrion
D) Cell membrane

Question 19

The heart, stomach, and brain are examples of which level of organization?

A) Cellular
B) Tissue
C) Organ
D) System

Question 20

Which term means the study of disease?

A) Anatomy
B) Pathology
C) Physiology
D) Craniotomy

Question 21

Which function does epithelium perform?

A) Motion of parts of the body
B) Insulation for warmth and cushioning
C) Integration of sensory information
D) Secretion of hormones and enzymes

Question 22

Which type of tissue provides sensory input, motor output, and helps interpret and coordinate bodily functions?

A) Nervous
B) Muscular
C) Epithelial
D) Connective

Question 23

Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bones?

A) Smooth
B) Cardiac
C) Skeletal
D) Parietal

Question 24

Which process is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

A) Osmosis
B) Filtration
C) Diffusion
D) Phagocytosis

Question 25

Which process involves a piece of the cell membrane wrapping around large molecules and drawing them inside the cell?

A) Osmosis
B) Filtration
C) Diffusion
D) Phagocytosis

Question 26

Which type of muscle tissue is located in the walls of hollow organs and within tubes?

A) Smooth
B) Cardiac
C) Skeletal
D) Parietal

Question 27

Which term means groups of similar cells that act together to perform specific functions?

A) Organs
B) Tissues
C) Molecules
D) Organelles

Question 28

Which process is the movement of water and molecules across a cell membrane due to pressure?

A) Osmosis
B) Filtration
C) Diffusion
D) Phagocytosis

Question 29

Which terms represent the four principal types of tissues?

A) Alpha, beta, delta, and theta
B) Heart, lung, brain, and kidney
C) Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
D) Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Question 30

Which process is movement of water across a membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration to equalize the fluid concentration on both sides of the membrane?

A) Osmosis
B) Filtration
C) Diffusion
D) Phagocytosis

Question 31

Which type of tissue covers external and internal structures, and lines open and closed body cavities?

A) Nervous
B) Muscular
C) Epithelial
D) Connective

Question 32

Which type of tissue is regarded as the movement specialist of the body?

A) Nervous
B) Muscular
C) Epithelial
D) Connective

Question 33

Which embryologic tissue layer gives rise to structures of the nervous system, including special senses and the epidermis of the skin?

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Echinoderm

Question 34

Which component is a connective tissue?

A) Muscle
B) Nerve
C) Blood
D) Gland

Question 35

Which type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones and connects ribs to the sternum?

A) Elastic
B) Hyaline
C) Reticular
D) Fibrous

Question 36

Which type of tissue forms the framework for organs and glands, and provides transportation and defensive functions?

A) Nervous
B) Muscular
C) Epithelial
D) Connective

Question 37

Which type of tissue is predominately fat and serves as storage for surplus food and as insulation to conserve body heat?

A) Adipose
B) Glandular
C) Epithelial
D) Cartilaginous

Question 38

Which type of transport involves carrier molecules within the membrane that facilitate active transport?

A) Osmosis
B) Filtration
C) Cell respiration
D) Pump mechanisms

Question 39

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A) Cilia, microvilli, and flagella
B) Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
C) Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
D) Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Question 40

Which type of fluid is found in extracellular spaces between tissues?

A) Amniotic
B) Interstitial
C) Lymphatic
D) Peritoneal

Question 41

Which cavities is the dorsal cavity subdivided into?

A) Cranial and spinal
B) Anterior and posterior
C) Abdominal and pelvic
D) Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 42

Which membrane lines open body cavities?

A) Mucous
B) Serous
C) Synovial
D) Cutaneous

Question 43

Which cavities is the ventral cavity subdivided into?

A) Cranial and spinal
B) Anterior and posterior
C) Abdominal and pelvic
D) Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 44

Which term means oriented toward or near the midline of the body?

A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Inferior
D) Superior

Question 45

What are the two layers found in most serous membranes?

A) Cortex and medulla
B) Parietal and visceral
C) Tissue and organ
D) Central and peripheral

Question 46

Where is the mandible in relation to the forehead?

A) Inferior
B) Anterior
C) Superior
D) Posterior

Question 47

Which membrane lines closed body cavities?

A) Mucous
B) Serous
C) Synovial
D) Cutaneous

Question 48

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?

A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Midsagittal

Question 49

Which term means located on the back of a structure?

A) Inferior
B) Anterior
C) Posterior
D) Proximal

Question 50

Which tissue heals rapidly?

A) Tendon
B) Cartilage
C) Bone
D) Epithelium

Question 51

Which term means related to opposite sides of the body?

A) Medial
B) Anterior
C) Ipsilateral
D) Contralateral

Question 52

Which term means situated below or toward the tail end of a structure?

A) Inferior
B) Anterior
C) Posterior
D) Proximal

Question 53

Where is the heart in relation to the vertebral column?

A) Inferior
B) Anterior
C) Superior
D) Posterior

Question 54

Which membrane lines cavities or spaces between bones and joints?

A) Mucous
B) Serous
C) Synovial
D) Cutaneous

Question 55

Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A) Frontal
B) Coronal
C) Transverse
D) Midsagittal

Question 56

Which process is characterized by swelling, heat, a loss of function, redness, and pain?

A) Local inflammation
B) Homeostasis
C) Phagocytosis
D) Active transport

Question 57

Which statement describes anatomic position?

A) Lying supine with the palms of the hands flat on the floor
B) Standing with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing forward
C) Standing with the palms facing each other and the toes pointing to the side
D) Lying prone with both feet hip-distance apart, the toes pointing downward

Question 58

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Midsagittal

Question 59

What are the processes of tissue repair?

A) Osmosis, diffusion, and filtration
B) Metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism
C) Anaerobic, aerobic, and active transport
D) Inflammation, regeneration, and remodeling

Question 60

Where is the wrist in relation to the elbow?

A) Distal
B) Medial
C) Lateral
D) Proximal

Question 61

Which term refers to the thumb?

A) Pollex
B) Brachial
C) Femoral
D) Antecubital

Question 62

Which term refers to the forearm?

A) Axillary
B) Brachial
C) Femoral
D) Antebrachial

Question 63

Which term refers to the armpit?

A) Axillary
B) Brachial
C) Femoral
D) Antecubital

Question 64

Which term refers to the upper cheek?

A) Costal
B) Orbital
C) Temporal
D) Zygomatic

Question 65

Which term refers to the ribs?

A) Costal
B) Buccal
C) Temporal
D) Zygomatic

Question 66

Which cavity contain the reproductive and urinary organs?

A) Pelvic
B) Dorsal
C) Abdominal
D) Thoracic

Question 67

Which terms refers to the thigh?

A) Axillary
B) Brachial
C) Femoral
D) Antebrachial

Question 68

Which term is given to the uppermost central portion of the nine regions of the body?

A) Epigastric
B) Umbilical
C) Right iliac
D) Left lumbar

Question 69

Which quadrant contains the gallbladder?

A) Left upper
B) Left lower
C) Right upper
D) Right lower

Question 70

Which term refers to the fingers or toes?

A) Plantar
B) Calcaneal
C) Dorsum
D) Digital