Deck 13: Large Animal Nursing and Husbandry

Question 1

How should horses be approached?

A) From directly in front, eye to eye
B) From the front and slightly to the left
C) From directly behind the hindquarters
D) From the front and slightly to the right

Answer 1

From the front and slightly to the left

Question 2

When grooming a horse, which is generally first to remove dried sweat or mud?

A) Stiff-bristled brush
B) Rubber curry comb
C) Metal curry comb
D) Dry or damp cloth

Answer 2

Rubber curry comb

Question 3

What does it mean when a horse has its ears pinned back?

A) The horse is alert.
B) The horse is nervous.
C) The horse is fearful or angry.
D) The horse is sleepy or in pain.

Answer 3

The horse is fearful or angry.

Question 4

Which feed is usually preferred for horses recovering from pneumonia?

A) Alfalfa hay and grass pasture
B) Timothy or oat hay
C) Pelleted feed
D) Silage

Question 5

Concentrates differ from forages in that they are:

A) High in energy
B) Low in energy
C) Nonnutritive
D) Processing residues

Question 6

Which is true of farrowing crates?

A) They are used to control movement in animals about to be slaughtered.
B) They are useful in temporarily keeping sows from lying on newborn piglets.
C) They are used to keep food animals still and in place for easier feeding and maintenance.
D) They are considered inhumane since animals cannot lie down or move and are being outlawed in most states.

Question 7

What is a good strategy for calming a nervous horse?

A) Stand close, directly in front, so it can see where you are at all times.
B) Resist the temptation to punish biting; this is a natural reaction.
C) Force it gently into a corner to help it feel safely contained.
D) Scratch it across the eye ridges and talk to it.

Question 8

Most calves, if given the opportunity, freely consume between _____ of their body weight in milk per day.

A) 10% and 20%
B) 20% and 30%
C) 30% and 40%
D) 40% and 50%

Question 9

Which is the best strategy if a calf is not suckling well?

A) Rub it under the throat.
B) Remove it from the dam.
C) Stroke it near the tailhead.
D) Find a surrogate or bottle-feed.

Question 10

Pig diets consist primarily of ____, while dairy goats are fed primarily on _____.

A) animal protein; supplements
B) concentrates; stored forage
C) silage; pellets
D) forage; silage

Question 11

"Withdrawal time" in a dairy cow refers to:

A) Minimum time that must pass between medication administration and collection of milk for human consumption
B) Minimum period between last infection and next acceptable collection of milk for human consumption
C) Length of breeding episode limit set to protect the cow in producing new heifers
D) Time between last collection of milk and retirement or slaughter

Question 12

Which is the best strategy when restraining a horse's head?

A) Stand on the opposite side of the horse from the person who is working on the animal.
B) Take care not to pull down on the lead rope during the procedure.
C) Keep the horse's head up, usually above your shoulders.
D) Keep the horse's eyes at your own eye level.

Question 13

Why is a halter tie preferred for tying a horse that's to be left unattended?

A) It can be released quickly if the horse falls or catches its foot.
B) It is the only knot that can prevent a horse from rearing.
C) It best keeps the handler in control if the horse bolts.
D) It cannot be easily undone, thus preventing escape.

Question 14

Which of the following feed components includes crude fat?

A) DM
B) EE
C) CF
D) CP

Question 15

Hind-gut fermenters are also:

A) Carnivores
B) Omnivores
C) Ruminants
D) Herbivores

Question 16

The process of ensiling excludes:

A) Lactic acid
B) Hydrogen
C) Oxygen
D) pH

Question 17

Castrated male cattle are called:

A) Steers
B) Bulls
C) Bucks
D) Wethers

Question 18

Which is a chief advantage of a TMR feed delivery system?

A) It maximizes selectivity.
B) It avoids mechanical mixing.
C) It provides more free-range consumption of forage.
D) It enables consumption of a consistent blend of nutrients.

Question 19

Which usually indicates a horse is in pain?

A) Wringing tail
B) Circling tail
C) Tail clamped tight
D) Tail held straight town

Question 20

Which is the preferred distraction technique when giving a horse an IV or IM injection?

A) Ear rocking
B) Blindfold
C) Skin roll
D) Leg lift

Question 21

What is the maximum period of time for using a hog snare?

A) 5 to 15 minutes
B) 10 to 20 minutes
C) 20 to 30 minutes
D) 30 to 40 minutes

Question 22

After umbilical cord clipping in a piglet, spray or dip the end of the cord in:

A) Lidocaine
B) Copper sulfate
C) 2% povidone-iodine
D) Sodium hypochlorite

Question 23

Which is the best position for a goat that needs to be off its feet?

A) Set on its rump like a sheep
B) Lateral recumbency like a large dog
C) Pressed to a secure wall in gentle suspension
D) Held in the arms off all four legs, placing one arm around the neck and the other around the rump

Question 24

Which is most recommended when turning a recumbent horse?

A) Rolling the horse with ropes tied firmly around the pasterns
B) Rolling the horse with a winch and harness
C) Rolling the torso over extended legs
D) Rolling the horse on its back

Question 25

Which is the preferred distraction technique when taking a radiograph of a horse's leg?

A) Ear rocking
B) Blindfold
C) Skin roll
D) Leg lift

Question 26

If a stock is not available and a horse needs a rectal examination, which of the following can be used to greatest effect instead?

A) Humane twitch
B) Chain twitch
C) Chain shank
D) Hobble

Question 27

When should an elastrator be used on a calf?

A) Within 3 days of birth
B) Within a week after birth
C) Before 1 month of age
D) Between 1 and 2 months of age

Question 28

Which is the best way to restrain a captured foal?

A) Press it up against a sturdy wall or partition.
B) Lift it off its feet so that it will give up struggling.
C) Hold its tail tight and press it down gently between the legs.
D) Remove it gently from the mare's sight to protect them both from self-injury.

Question 29

Which is the best way to maximize the usefulness of a twitch when working with horses?

A) Maintain a constant pressure.
B) Always curl the lip outward when applying the twitch.
C) Continually tighten and loosen the loop around the muzzle.
D) After removing a twitch, be careful to avoid any excess touching of the muzzle.

Question 30

What is the most common use of a hydraulic tilt table?

A) Shearing sheep
B) Trimming cattle feet
C) Butchering livestock
D) Cooling an overheated pig

Question 31

Which is the best reason for tail docking in piglets?

A) To reduce the incidence of tail biting and possible paralysis
B) To reduce the collection of fecal matter around the anus
C) To prevent maggots being laid beneath the skin
D) To remove the testicles

Question 32

Which complication(s) is a recumbent horse at risk for?

A) Corneal ulceration
B) Decubital ulcers and edema
C) Congestion in the dependent lung
D) All of the above

Question 33

Which is used almost exclusively to restrain beef cattle?

A) Hobbles
B) Stanchion
C) Tilt table
D) Squeeze chute

Question 34

Which is most helpful in treating thrush secondary to a bacterial infection in a horse's hoof?

A) Lidocaine
B) Formaldehyde
C) Copper sulfate
D) Sodium hypochlorite

Question 35

Which is part of the purpose of crutching a sheep?

A) Preventing an injured animal from running
B) Removing wool from around the vulva
C) Clipping the umbilical cord
D) Cutting off tail circulation

Question 36

Which represents correct technique in tending a sheep or goat with overgrown feet?

A) Ensure that the animal is on its rump; keep it off its feet during care.
B) Trim the sidewall to keep the sole flat.
C) Round the toes; avoid squaring off.
D) Never use heavy scissors.

Question 37

Which chemical helps reduce stress during dehorning?

A) Lidocaine
B) Copper sulfate
C) 2% povidone-iodine
D) Sodium hypochlorite

Question 38

Which is the proper way for using a hurdle to direct a pig who is moving toward you?

A) Set the hurdle on the ground and tilt it forward.
B) Raise the hurdle and direct it across the shoulders of the pig.
C) Raise and tilt the hurdle to keep it in gentle but firm contact with the pig's brow.
D) Anchor the hurdle on the ground before you and angle it toward your body to use as a brace; deflect advances by shifting the top quickly forward on contact.

Question 39

Vital signs in a critically ill neonate should be monitored:

A) As often as every 2 hours
B) Every 4 to 6 hours
C) Every 6 to 8 hours
D) At least twice daily

Question 40

Which is the most commonly recommended way to capture a baby pig weighing less than 50 pounds?

A) Use a hog snare with a cable loop on one end.
B) Use a hog snare, but replace the pipe and cable snare with a rope.
C) Grasp a back leg and hold the pig upside down until you can hold it against your forearm.
D) Place one arm around its neck and the other around its tail; then direct it with forward or backward pressure.

Question 41

Subcutaneous injections in a pig less than 25 kg should be given:

A) In the lateral aspect of the neck
B) In the loose skin of the flank
C) In front of the shoulder
D) Cranial to the elbow

Question 42

Which is true when bandaging the distal limb of a horse?

A) All layers should be wrapped proximally to distally, ending at the foot.
B) The wrapping should start at the back of the leg, bringing it across the inner side and around to the front, and then to the outside.
C) The outer track wrap brown gauze roll should be placed from lateral toward medial across the back of the leg.
D) After wrapping, double-check to ensure that the ends of the adhesive tape, if used, overlap to prevent slippage.

Question 43

Drenching is done with a:

A) Dosing gun
B) Dose syringe
C) Stomach tube
D) Frick's speculum

Question 44

Procaine penicillin should be administered only by _____ injection.

A) SQ
B) ID
C) IM
D) IV

Question 45

Which is the correct stance for introducing a balling gun, dose syringe, or Frick's speculum in a cow?

A) Stand caudal to the animal's shoulder, facing away from the animal.
B) Stand cranial to the animal's shoulder, facing the same direction as the animal.
C) Stand facing the animal at eye level, with your nondominant hand on the animal's shoulder.
D) Stand anterior to the animal at a 45-degree angle from the animal's face and wrap the nondominant arm around the animal's shoulder.

Question 46

Which blood vessel is most commonly used for blood collection in swine?

A) Jugular vein
B) Cephalic vein
C) Saphenous vein
D) Cranial vena cava

Question 47

If a horse's tail wrap is to be left in place for many days, why is it important not to extend the wrap to include the coccygeal vertebrae?

A) It will prevent a clean expulsion of feces.
B) It will be impossible to keep the tail clean.
C) It will hamper free movement of the tail muscles.
D) It may create tissue slough or loss of the entire tail.

Question 48

Which large animal's urine specimen can usually be easily obtained with just a specimen cup and a pinch of the nose?

A) Pig
B) Cow
C) Goat
D) Sheep

Question 49

Which quantity and needle gauge is most appropriate for blood sampling from the medial canthus of a breeding stock pig?

A) 5-10 mL using a 14-gauge (38 mm) needle
B) 1-2 mL using a 20-gauge (25 mm) needle
C) 1-3 mL using a 16-gauge (38 mm) needle
D) 5-10 mL using a 20-gauge (25 mm) needle

Question 50

Nasogastric intubation is most commonly used in:

A) Pigs
B) Sheep
C) Cattle
D) Horses

Question 51

Which is the most common site for venipuncture in cattle?

A) Jugular vein
B) Cephalic vein
C) Saphenous vein
D) Coccygeal vein

Question 52

Once a balling gun has been inserted over the lower incisors, how far should the rings on the handle be advanced?

A) Till they touch the lips
B) Till they bump over the esophageal groove
C) Till they rest along the center of the tongue
D) Till the distal-most ring reaches the esophageal groove

Question 53

In obtaining a urine sample, a double-bladed small animal speculum is used to aid catheterization in which animal?

A) Female sheep
B) Female goat
C) Male sheep
D) Male goat

Question 54

Which provides the most protection for a decubital ulcer?

A) A "breathable bandage" spray
B) Copper sulfate
C) 2% povidone-iodine
D) Sodium hypochlorite

Question 55

A blood sample obtained from the tail vein of a pig usually produces ____ blood.

A) 1 to 3 ml
B) 2 to 5 ml
C) 3 to 6 ml
D) 5 to 10 ml