Deck 38: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Which substance regulates development by affecting cells in a concentration-dependent manner?

A)gene
B)nucleus
C)cytoplasm
D)morphogen
E)cytokine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which developmental stage occurs first?

A)cleavage
B)fetus
C)gastrula
D)zygote
E)blastula

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What hormone is most involved in labor?

A)estrogen
B)prolactin
C)oxytocin
D)prostaglandin
E)progesterone

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Ectodermal cells that form at the tip of the neural tube move outward to positions throughout the body. The descendants of these cells include the neurons of the peripheral nervous system. This movement of cells is an example of ____.

A)differentiation
B)cleavage
C)embryonic induction
D)apoptosis
E)cell migration

Question 5

At the end of gastrulation, what is produced?

A)a blastocyst
B)germ layers
C)solid balls of cells
D)a neural tube
E)apoptosis

Question 6

Which strategy is the least successful method of birth control?

A)withdrawal method
B)a condom
C)a diaphragm
D)tubal ligation
E)oral contraceptives

Question 7

Which female organ functions in intercourse and as the birth canal?

A)vagina
B)cervix
C)uterus
D)oviduct
E)clitoris

Question 8

The cervix is part of the ____.

A)vulva
B)ovary
C)uterus
D)oviduct
E)vagina

Question 9

​The general model for animal development states that how an animal body develops depends upon ____.

A)​when and where particular genes are expressed
B)​which nutrients are available for the developing embryo
C)​the temperature at which the embryo develops
D)​the number of chromosomes present
E)​the number of sperm that fertilized the egg

Question 10

Which end stage of cleavage results in a hollow ball of cells surrounded by a cavity full of secretions?

A)cleavage
B)fetus
C)gastrula
D)zygote
E)blastula

Question 11

Fertilization normally occurs in the ____.

A)ovary
B)uterus
C)vagina
D)oviduct
E)follicle

Question 12

An embryo is protected from most mechanical impacts by the ____.

A)amniotic fluid
B)allantois
C)placenta
D)yolk sac
E)chorion

Question 13

Cells inside the seminiferous tubules that support sperm during development are the ____ cells.

A)follicular
B)endometrial
C)Leydig
D)prostatic
E)nurse

Question 14

At what month of gestation can the fetus first detect sound?

A)first
B)third
C)fourth
D)seventh
E)ninth

Question 15

The corpus luteum forms from ____.

A)the uterine lining
B)primary oocytes
C)secondary oocytes
D)a ruptured follicle after ovulation
E)polar bodies

Question 16

The corpus luteum is responsible for producing which hormone(s)?

A)GnRH
B)FSH
C)LH
D)progesterone and estrogens
E)testosterone and progesterone

Question 17

Sperm are produced in the ____.

A)testes
B)vas deferens
C)epididymis
D)prostate gland
E)penis

Question 18

In the first stage of the ovarian cycle, which cell resumes meiosis?

A)polar body
B)primary oocyte
C)secondary oocyte
D)follicle cells
E)corpus luteum cells

Question 19

A protein becomes distributed in a gradient along the length of the egg. As development continues, orientation of this gradient determines which part of the embryo will become the front of the animal, and which will be the back. This is an example of ____.

A)germ layer formation
B)gastrulation
C)gradient development
D)embryonic induction
E)gene expression

Question 20

After a baby is delivered, what else is expelled from the female's uterus?

A)placenta
B)uterine lining
C)primary oocytes
D)oxytocin
E)corpus luteum

Question 21

What gland provides secretions that help raise the pH of the female reproductive tract to make it hospitable to sperm?

A)prostate
B)seminal vesicles
C)bulbourethral
D)vas deferens
E)epididymis

Question 22

Prostaglandin-triggered contractions of smooth muscle in the uterine wall can cause ____.

A)menstrual cramps
B)pubescence
C)ovulation
D)menopause
E)hormone production

Question 23

During a human pregnancy, implantation begins at which stage?

A)zygote
B)early cleavage
C)blastocyst
D)fetus
E)morula

Question 24

FSH and LH are secreted by the ____.

A)hypothalamus
B)ovaries
C)anterior pituitary
D)testes
E)uterus

Question 25

Programmed cell death that helps to sculpt body parts during morphogenesis is called ____.

A)necrosis
B)cell migration
C)apoptosis
D)remodeling
E)death induction

Question 26

The extraembryonic membrane that forms part of the placenta is the ____.

A)amnion
B)allantois
C)chorion
D)yolk sac
E)umbilical cord

Question 27

Which embryonic tissue is incorrectly associated with its derivative?

A)epidermis from mesoderm
B)nervous system from ectoderm
C)stomach lining from endoderm
D)circulatory system from mesoderm
E)skeletal system from mesoderm

Question 28

Four of the five answers listed below are structures that develop after implantation. Select the exception.

A)zygote
B)amnion
C)allantois
D)yolk sac
E)chorion

Question 29

The passageway that transports oocytes from the ovary into the uterus is known as the ____.

A)vagina
B)uterus
C)oviduct
D)endometrium
E)cervix

Question 30

If an oocyte is traveling through the oviduct, what stage must it be in?

A)meiosis I
B)meiosis II
C)primary oocyte
D)follicular phase
E)polar body

Question 31

Using your knowledge of the feedback loops of human female hormones, which event would result from high levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood?

A)lack of growth of the corpus luteum
B)thickening of the uterine lining
C)increased secretion of FSH
D)increased levels of LH
E)increased menstrual flow

Question 32

During fertilization, ____ egg and sperm combine to form a ____ zygote.

A)diploid; diploid
B)diploid; haploid
C)haploid; diploid
D)haploid; haploid
E)diploid; tetraploid

Question 33

The embryo is recognizable as human and is called a fetus by which week of pregnancy?

A)eighth
B)twelfth
C)sixteenth
D)twentieth
E)twenty-fourth

Question 34

If sperm did not have a functional midpiece, how would they be affected?

A)They would not complete meiosis I.
B)They would not complete meiosis II.
C)They would die in the epididymis.
D)They would not have a source of energy (ATP).
E)They would not be able to digest the outer jelly coat layer of the oocyte.

Question 35

The first several cleavages after fertilization occur in the ____.

A)uterus cavity
B)ovary
C)vagina
D)oviduct
E)uterine wall

Question 36

The type of contraception that works by preventing ovulation is ____.

A)rhythm method
B)tubal ligation
C)oral contraceptive pills
D)the diaphragm
E)the condom

Question 37

If the vas deferens tubes are cut and tied (vasectomy), the semen will not contain ____.

A)fructose
B)buffers
C)mucus
D)sperm
E)any secretions

Question 38

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of ____.

A)the follicle
B)the corpus luteum
C)the uterine lining
D)cells from the oviduct
E)blood from the blood vessels on the outer surface of the uterus

Question 39

The human body plan is set and organ formation occurs during which developmental stage?

A)zygote
B)blastocyst
C)embryo
D)fetus
E)infant

Question 40

What is the most effective contraceptive approach of those listed below?

A)withdrawal
B)abstinence
C)condom
D)intrauterine device
E)rhythm method

Question 41

Four of the five answers listed below contribute to semen. Select the exception.

A)vas deferens
B)prostate
C)seminal vesicle
D)bulbourethral gland
E)seminiferous tubule

Question 42

Which vitamin is especially important in preventing neural tube defects in the embryo?

A)folate
B)niacin
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 43

Which sexually transmitted disease(s) (STD) can be successfully cured with antibiotics?

A)AIDS
B)gonorrhea only
C)human papillomavirus
D)genital warts
E)chlamydia and gonorrhea

Question 44

Sperm mature in the ____.

A)vas deferens
B)epididymis
C)prostate
D)testis
E)urethra

Question 45

Cervical cancer can be caused by ____.

A)Chlamydia trachomatis
B)human papillomavirus
C)herpes simplex virus
D)Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E)Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 46

What hormone stimulates milk production in women after birth?

A)prolactin
B)oxytocin
C)estrogen
D)HCG
E)progesterone

Question 47

During morphogenesis, cells travel by ____.

A)swimming like sperm
B)inching along like amoeba
C)pulling against the cell membrane
D)pushing against each other
E)rotating gravitationally

Question 48

The heart, muscles, bones, and blood develop primarily from ____.

A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)the placenta
E)the yolk sac

Question 49

What is the thick fluid, rich in proteins and lipids, that is deposited in an animal's egg during its formation?

A)germ layer
B)placenta
C)yolk
D)corpus luteum
E)gastrula

Question 50

An oral contraceptive pill contains ____.

A)estrogen only
B)progesterone only
C)FSH
D)LH
E)estrogen and progesterone

Question 51

Which is the last structure that a sperm travels through before it leaves the body?

A)ureter
B)urethra
C)vas deferens
D)ejaculatory duct
E)epididymis

Question 52

Which developmental event occurs last?

A)tissue specialization and growth
B)gamete formation
C)gastrulation
D)cleavage
E)fertilization

Question 53

What type of reproduction produces genetic clones of a parent?

A)sexual reproduction
B)asexual reproduction
C)hermaphroditic
D)external fertilization
E)internal fertilization

Question 54

What stimulates muscle contractions during labor?

A)HCG
B)estrogen
C)signals from the vagina
D)oxytocin
E)gonadotropins

Question 55

Menstrual flow begins in response to ____.

A)rising levels of FSH and LH
B)falling levels of estrogen only
C)falling levels of progesterone only
D)falling levels of estrogen and progesterone
E)rising levels of LH and falling levels of FSH

Question 56

The blood vessels of the umbilical cord are formed by which extraembryonic membrane?

A)yolk sac
B)chorion
C)allantois
D)amnion
E)placenta

Question 57

Which organ system is the first of those listed to begin development in the human embryo?

A)nervous system
B)excretory system
C)reproductive system
D)skeletal system
E)endocrine system

Question 58

If this pathogen, which is found in garden soil, cat feces, and undercooked meat, crosses the placenta and infects the fetus, it can developmental problems and miscarriage.

A)herpes virus
B)HIV
C)toxoplasmosis
D)alcohol
E)rubella

Question 59

The binding of the sperm membrane to the oocyte membrane triggers the ____.

A)oocyte to dispel its nucleus
B)oocyte to begin cleavage
C)oocyte to complete meiosis II
D)sperm to return to the uterus
E)sperm to release a polar body

Question 60

All cells in an embryo have the same genes, yet they express different subsets of genes. Selective gene expression is therefore the basis of ____.

A)cleavage
B)cell differentiation
C)fertilization
D)gamete formation
E)organ maturation

Question 61

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
after development of secondary sexual features but before adulthood

Question 62

The presence of which hormone in a woman's urine indicates that she is pregnant?

A)luteinizing hormone
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)human chorionic gonadotropin
D)progesterone
E)high estrogen

Question 63

What structure does blood flow into during sexual excitation of a male?

A)testes
B)epididymis
C)vas deferens
D)prostate gland
E)penis

Question 64

Ovulation is triggered primarily by ____.

A)a surge of LH
B)the falling levels of estrogen
C)the rising levels of progesterone
D)the corpus luteum formation
E)the completion of meiosis II

Question 65

What is the role of the cap on a sperm's head?

A)It provides directional guidance for sperm in female reproductive tract.
B)It provides motility for sperm.
C)It provides energy for sperm.
D)It provides enzymes that digest the layer of proteins that surrounds the oocyte.
E)It provides enzymes that digest the sperm head to release the nucleus.

Question 66

Four of the five answers listed below are produced by the same germ layer. Select the exception.

A)nervous system
B)muscle system
C)circulatory system
D)reproductive system
E)urinary system

Question 67

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
2-8 weeks post fertilization

Question 68

The primary reproductive organ in the human female responsible for gamete and hormone production is the ____.

A)uterus
B)ovary
C)vagina
D)clitoris
E)cervix

Question 69

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
​tissue deterioration is occurring

Question 70

During which stage do cells of identical genetic makeup become structurally and functionally different from one another according to the genetically controlled developmental program of the species?

A)cleavage
B)cell differentiation
C)morphogenesis
D)metamorphosis
E)ovulation

Question 71

Match the hormone with the best description.
a.FSH
b.estrogen
c.LH
d.progesterone
has a role in formation of the corpus luteum and triggers ovulation

Question 72

Match the hormone with the best description.
a.FSH
b.estrogen
c.LH
d.progesterone
early in the menstrual cycle, increases in this hormone stimulate increased secretions of GnRH

Question 73

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
first point at which recognizably human

Question 74

At which human developmental stage does sexual maturation occur?

A)embryonic stage
B)fetal stage
C)newborn stage
D)pubescence
E)adulthood

Question 75

Match the hormone with the best description.
a.FSH
b.estrogen
c.LH
d.progesterone
triggers ovarian follicle maturation to begin

Question 76

The primitive streak is associated with which process?

A)somite formation
B)brain formation
C)cleavage
D)gastrulation
E)placentation

Question 77

Which hormone(s) is/are responsible for preventing maturation of more than one follicle and inhibiting ovulation?

A)FSH only
B)LH only
C)progesterone only
D)FSH and progesterone only
E)FSH, progesterone, and LH

Question 78

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
immediately after delivery

Question 79

Match the human developmental stage with the correct description.
a.embryo
b.fetus
c.newborn
d.pubescent
e.adolescent
f.​old age
when secondary sexual features appear

Question 80

Why can a differentiated cell from the lens of an eye be used to clone an adult animal?

A)only a selective subset of genes are transcribed in lens cells
B)differentiated cells still contain the entire genome
C)lens cells are examples of pluripotent stem cells
D)lens cells produce morphogens that drive embryonic induction
E)all 200 differentiated cell types in humans are derived from lens cells