Deck 13: Patterns in Inherited Traits

Question 1

The ABO gene is an example of a(n) ____.

A)incomplete dominant system
B)pleiotropic gene
C)multiple gene system
D)multiple allele system
E)multiple chromosome system.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a solid red male was crossed with a solid black female to produce a spotted red puppy, the genotypes of the parents (with male genotype first) would be ____.

A)Bb Ss × Bb Ss
B)bb Ss × Bb Ss
C)bb ss × Bb Ss
D)bb Ss × Bb ss
E)Bb ss × Bb ss

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In radishes, red is dominant (RR), white is recessive (rr), and purple color results in heterozygotes (Rr). This is an example of ____.

A)incomplete dominance
B)codominance
C)pleiotropy
D)epistasis
E)Mendelian inheritance pattern

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A heterozygous individual is known as a ____.

A)hybrid
B)purebred
C)recessive
D)dominant
E)homozygote

Question 5

The primary characteristics of cystic fibrosis include ____.

A)sickling of red blood cells and pain in the extremities
B)defective connective tissues
C)development of malignant cells
D)buildup of mucus in the passageways and ducts throughout the body
E)extreme fever and diarrhea

Question 6

If two genes are on the same chromosome, ____.

A)crossing over occurs frequently
B)they assort independently
C)they are in the same linkage group
D)they are segregated during meiosis
E)an inversion will usually occur

Question 7

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that _____.

A)the two alleles on homologous chromosomes that influence a single trait segregate into separate gametes during meiosis
B)maternal and paternal alleles are blended in the offspring
C)alleles at one gene locus on homologous chromosomes tend to be distributed into gametes independently of alleles at other loci
D)each gene has a specific chromosomal locus
E)one allele is always dominant over another allele

Question 8

Short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l). Suppose a short-haired animal of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-haired animal and they produce one long-haired and one short-haired offspring. What do these results indicate?

A)The short-haired animal was homozygous.
B)The short-haired animal was heterozygous.
C)The long-haired animal was heterozygous.
D)Both the long-haired and short haired animals were heterozygous.
E)None of these can be determined with these two offspring.

Question 9

​In Labrador retrievers, dogs with alleles E and B have black fur. Those with an E and two recessive b alleles have brown fur. Dogs homozygous for the recessive e allele have yellow fur. This is an example of _____.

A)​complete dominance
B)​incomplete dominance
C)​codominance
D)​pleiotropy
E)​epistasis

Question 10

In the nineteenth century, most people believed that ____.

A)all genetic traits bred true
B)only certain forms of domesticated plants and animals bred true
C)the characteristics of parents were blended in the offspring
D)acquired characteristics were inherited
E)the inheritance of traits was controlled by factors in blood

Question 11

A bell-shaped curve of phenotypic variation is a representation of ____.

A)incomplete dominance
B)continuous variation
C)multiple alleles
D)epistasis
E)environmental effects on phenotypes

Question 12

​A cross between two individuals identically hybrid for one gene is called a ____ cross.

A)​purebred
B)​test
C)​homozygote
D)​monohybrid
E)​dihybrid

Question 13

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). If a red spotted male was crossed with a black solid female and all the offspring from several crosses were only black and solid, the genotype of the female would be ____.

A)BB SS
B)Bb SS
C)Bb Ss
D)BB Ss
E)bb ss

Question 14

In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p). A pea plant heterozygous for the flower color trait has ____ flowers.

A)purple
B)white
C)pink
D)purple and white
E)purple and pink

Question 15

Coat color in one breed of mice is controlled by incompletely dominant alleles so that yellow and white are homozygous, whereas cream is heterozygous. The cross of two cream individuals will produce ____.

A)all cream offspring
B)equal numbers of white and yellow mice, but no cream
C)equal numbers of white and cream mice
D)equal numbers of yellow and cream mice
E)equal numbers of white and yellow mice, with twice as many creams as the other two colors individually

Question 16

A homozygote contains two _____.

A)different alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
B)identical alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
C)different alleles at the same locus on sister chromatids
D)identical alleles at the same locus on sister chromatids
E)identical alleles at different loci on homologous chromosomes

Question 17

All of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants assorted into gametes independently, although some were actually located on the same chromosome. Which process separated these genes from each other, allowing for this assortment?

A)codominance
B)pleiotropy
C)epistasis
D)crossing over
E)mitosis

Question 18

​Which genotype(s) can produce type O blood?

A)​AO
B)​BO
C)​OO
D)​AO or OO
E)​AO, BO, or OO

Question 19

According to _____, two alleles at any locus are distributed into separate gametes during meiosis.

A)the blending theory
B)crossing over
C)Mendel's law of independent assortment
D)Mendel's law of segregation
E)the theory of incomplete dominance

Question 20

​Which genotype(s) can produce type A blood?

A)​AA
B)​AO
C)​AB
D)​AA or AO
E)​AA or AB

Question 21

A locus is ____.

A)a recessive gene
B)an unmatched allele
C)a sex chromosome
D)the location of a gene on a chromosome
E)a dominant gene

Question 22

Someone with type AB blood could have which combination of alleles?

A)A and A
B)A and B
C)B and B
D)A and O
E)B and O

Question 23

If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d) in plants and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced?

A)all intermediate height
B)all tall
C)all dwarf
D)1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf
E)3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf

Question 24

If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d) in plants and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced?

A)all Dd
B)all DD
C)all dd
D)1/2 DD, 1/2 Dd
E)1/2 Dd, 1/2 dd

Question 25

In the F₂ generation of a cross of DD RR with dd rr, the most common genotype would be ____.

A)DD RR
B)Dd RR
C)Dd Rr
D)dd RR
E)dd Rr

Question 26

The ratio of phenotypes among the offspring of a dihybrid cross is _____.

A)9:3:3:1
B)3:2:1
C)1:1
D)1:2:1
E)4:2:4

Question 27

A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n) ____.

A)multiple allele
B)autosome
C)epistatic gene
D)pleiotropic gene
E)incompletely dominant gene

Question 28

If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will ____.

A)be homozygous
B)display the same phenotype as the RR parent
C)display the same phenotype as the rr parent
D)have the same genotype as the RR parent
E)have the same genotype as the rr parent

Question 29

Which genotype(s) produce(s) a dominant phenotype?

A)aa only
B)Aa only
C)AA only
D)Aa and AA
E)AA and aa

Question 30

An example of a homozygous genotype is ____.

A)aa only
B)Aa only
C)AA only
D)AA and Aa
E)AA and aa

Question 31

In cocker spaniels, black coat color (B) is dominant over red (b), and solid color (S) is dominant over spotted (s). In the F₂ generation of a cross between BB ss with bb SS, what fraction of the offspring would be expected to be black and spotted?

A)1/16
B)9/16
C)1/9
D)3/16
E)3/4

Question 32

A person with one copy of a mutated CFTR gene will ____.

A)have sickle cell anemia
B)have cystic fibrosis
C)have muscular dystrophy
D)likely be healthy
E)survive but be in poor health

Question 33

If short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), then what fraction of the offspring produced by a cross of Ll × ll will be homozygous dominant?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/3
D)none
E)all

Question 34

​People with type ____ blood are universal donors.

A)​O
B)​A
C)B
D)​AB
E)​A or B

Question 35

Diploid cells have _____ copies of each gene.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 36

If a pure-breeding long-tail cat (LL) is crossed with a pure-breeding cat with no tail (rumpy, ll), and a cat with a short tail (stumpy) is produced, the simplest explanation is a(n) ____ gene.

A)mutated
B)X-linked
C)incompletely dominant
D)lethal
E)pleiotropic

Question 37

Suppose that researchers find a difference in methylation patterns of one gene between two individuals. What may have influenced this difference?

A)environment
B)gene sequence
C)codominance
D)translation controls
E)pleiotropic effects

Question 38

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that arises from the mutation in a single gene. This gene, however, has multiple effects in the body. It affects tissue composition of the heart, skin, blood vessels, tendons, and other parts of the body. This gene is an example of a(n) ____.

A)multiple allele system
B)epistatic gene
C)pleiotropic gene
D)dominant allele
E)environmentally controlled gene

Question 39

Pleiotropic genes ____.

A)act on secondary sexual characteristics
B)influence more than one aspect of phenotype
C)are additive
D)produce lethal effects when homozygous
E)are multiple genes that influence one trait

Question 40

Assume short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l), and black hair (B) is dominant to brown (b). If you found a black short-haired animal, you could determine its genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of ____.

A)LL BB
B)ll BB
C)ll Bb
D)ll bb
E)LL bb

Question 41

Mendel's dihybrid crosses, but not his monohybrid crosses, showed that ____.

A)some genes were linked together
B)the two alleles controlling a trait were divided equally among the gametes
C)gene pairs are sorted into gametes independently of other gene pairs
D)one of the pair of alleles is dominant to the other
E)some genes exhibit codominance

Question 42

If shape and color of radishes are both due to genes with incompletely dominant alleles, crossing two dihybrid heterozygotes will produce how many different phenotypes?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)9

Question 43

A linkage group is composed of all ____.

A)traits that are controlled by one gene
B)genes that control one trait
C)genes on all chromosomes within a cell
D)genes on a chromosome
E)genes that are segregated during meiosis

Question 44

If all the offspring of a testcross are alike and resemble the organism being tested, then that parent is ____.

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
D)recessive
E)incompletely dominant

Question 45

Match the term with the most appropriate description.​
a.codominance
b.multiple allele system
c.epistasis
d.pleiotropy
e.incomplete dominance
A single gene affects multiple traits.

Question 46

In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant to sepia eyes (r), and the presence of wings (A) is dominant to wingless (a) flies. If two flies heterozygous for each trait are crossed (RrAa × RrAa), how many different phenotypes would be produced in the offspring?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)9

Question 47

Match the term with the most appropriate description.​
a.codominance
b.multiple allele system
c.epistasis
d.pleiotropy
e.incomplete dominance
Gene for which three or more alleles persist in a population at relatively high frequency.

Question 48

If a child has blood type O, he or she could not have been produced by which set of parents?

A)type A mother and type B father
B)type A mother and type O father
C)type AB mother and type O father
D)type O mother and type O father
E)type O mother and type B father

Question 49

A testcross involves ____.

A)two individuals with dominant traits
B)two homozygous dominant individuals
C)two homozygous recessive individuals
D)an individual with a dominant trait and a heterozygous individual
E)an individual with a dominant trait and a homozygous recessive individual

Question 50

The CFTR gene encodes a protein that ____.

A)participates in the electron transfer chain in mitochondria only
B)transports oxygen throughout the body only
C)functions as a receptor that alerts the body to the presence of bacteria only
D)moves chloride ions out of epithelial cells only
E)functions as a receptor that alerts the body to the presence of bacteria and moves chloride ions out of epithelial cells

Question 51

Susan, a mother with type B blood, has a child with type O blood. She claims that Craig, who has type A blood, is the father. He claims that he cannot possibly be the father. Further blood tests ordered by the judge reveal that Craig has genotype AA. What can we predict about the judge's ruling?

A)Susan is right and Craig will be ordered to pay child support.
B)Craig is right and will not be ordered to pay child support.
C)Susan cannot be the real mother of the child; an error was likely made at the hospital.
D)Craig is likely to be the father but the blood tests are inadequate proof.
E)The judge will not be able to reach a decision based on the limited data available.

Question 52

Match the term with the most appropriate description.​
a.codominance
b.multiple allele system
c.epistasis
d.pleiotropy
e.incomplete dominance
A trait is influenced by multiple genes.

Question 53

​People with type _____ blood are universal recipients.

A)​O
B)​A
C)​B
D)​AB
E)​AB or O

Question 54

Match the term with the most appropriate description.​
a.codominance
b.multiple allele system
c.epistasis
d.pleiotropy
e.incomplete dominance
​Effect in which the full and separate phenotypic effects of two alleles are apparent in heterozygous individuals.