Deck 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future

Question 1

Advancements in the treatment of chronic disease include

A) increased use of improved pharmacological pain control techniques.
B) a shift in the responsibility for pain control from the practitioner to the patient.
C) increased acceptance of co-management of pain by the practitioner and the patient.
D) state-of-the-art treatments for chronic pain becoming increasingly available at local clinics and hospitals.
E) increasing the frequency of non-invasive surgeries for minor symptoms.

Answer 1

increased acceptance of co-management of pain by the practitioner and the patient.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the concerns associated with the aging of the population?

A) ethical issues surrounding death and dying
B) changing public attitudes about death and dying
C) unique risk factors for women
D) the unique problems faced by AIDS patients
E) All of these are concerns associated with the aging of the population.

Answer 2

changing public attitudes about death and dying

Question 3

The adult Canadian female population will be under unprecedented degrees of stress in the future.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Living longer does not always translate into a higher quality of life.

Question 5

The symptoms of heart disease are the same for women as they are for men.

Question 6

One of the chief remaining tasks of managing chronic disorders is identifying

A) how to improve pain management with cognitive-behavioural methods.
B) how to increase acceptance of alternative medicine.
C) the best way to gain adherence to multiple treatment goals.
D) how to shift responsibility for pain control from the patient to the practitioner.
E) the best way to increase gender equality in adherence.

Question 7

Future health promotion efforts could promote resilience by

A) finding ways to increasing social support and a sense of connectedness to one's community.
B) placing greater weight on the positive factors that may reduce morbidity or delay mortality.
C) studying how people spontaneously reduce their levels of stress.
D) exploring how to increase personal control.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 8

For every $1 spent on psychological care there is a $10 saving in medical costs.

Question 9

The demographics of people with AIDS are shifting to ethnic minorities, women, and the poor.

Question 10

Health promotion programs that target the elderly

A) are a waste of money because health habits are established early in life.
B) are important right now, but they will become less important as the size of the elderly cohort declines over the next 10 years.
C) will become increasingly important as the size of the elderly cohort continues to increase over the next 10 years.
D) will become less important because the elderly cohort is exceptionally healthy and active.
E) should focus only on the dietary habits and not than social/emotional effects of aging.

Question 11

Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward

A) reducing the period of morbidity.
B) delaying mortality.
C) early identification of risk factors.
D) educating youth on the long-term effects of certain behaviours such as smoking.
E) health promotion has no significant effect on gains in quality of life.

Question 12

Although some of the racial difference in Aboriginal health stems from differences in socio-economic status, some is due to the lack of access to traditional medicines, healers or wellness practices.

Question 13

As the elderly population increases, a corresponding increase is expected in the incidence of

A) deafness
B) vision problems
C) cancer
D) communicable diseases
E) the incidence of both deafness and vision loss will increase corresponding to the increase in the elderly population

Question 14

Integrative care combines complementary therapies with conventional treatments to increase patients' sense of control over their health.

Question 15

The Health Council of Canada has suggested that the biggest health care issue in Canada is

A) growing health care costs.
B) inequality.
C) health care access.
D) patient consumerism.
E) the high prevalence of health compromising behaviours.

Question 16

Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate

A) cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.
B) assessment of needs in all domains of life.
C) regular needs assessment over the long term to identify potential problems.
D) psychological interventions directed to the psychological effects of illness such as depression or hostility.
E) All of these should be incorporated into future programs.

Question 17

As medicine becomes technologically more complex, the use of control-enhancing interventions will become even more important.

Question 18

Researchers have finally reached consensus on a definition of healthy aging.

Question 19

Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity

A) should reduce health care costs.
B) will raise health care costs significantly.
C) is unnecessary because there will always be 10 top causes of death.
D) will not enhance quality of life.
E) is only important for those at risk of chronic illness.

Question 20

Interprofessional teams are a way to combat the health care provider shortage in remote communities.

Question 21

Fewer hospital days, higher accessibility, and safer treatments are the result of providing appropriate psychological services. The number one reason Canada continues to see many psychologists in the health care system is because

A) the opportunity for psychologists to find employment by opening a private practice has decreased.
B) a greater number of psychologists are being trained.
C) the pressure to contain costs in the health care system.
D) there is a higher incidence of mental illness than there was 20 years ago.
E) there are a greater number of elderly Canadians now than there has been in the past.

Question 22

Comprehensive intervention models

A) concentrate and coordinate medical and psychological expertise.
B) have yet to be developed for chronic diseases.
C) have proven to be less expensive than other models and remarkably cost effective.
D) aim to isolate and focus on individual symptoms.
E) require more effort from the patient, when compared to more traditional methods.

Question 23

Some of the limitations of virtual social support may be overcome by

A) advances in technology.
B) the growing use of social networking sites.
C) the growing use of text messaging.
D) the growing use of video phones.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 24

Answer the question posed in the text "What are the issues in chronic illness management for the future?"

Question 25

Occupational stress researchers have identified job characteristics that are tied to stress. Which is NOT one of these characteristics?

A) Having little opportunity for social support.
B) Transient employment.
C) Jobs with high control and low demands.
D) Unstable employment.
E) Uncertain employment.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the suggested solutions to deal with Canada's health care access issues?

A) Easing the restrictions placed upon foreign physicians.
B) Training and integrating physician assistants into the health care system.
C) Increasing the availability of telehealth technologies to underserved areas such as Canada's northern and rural communities.
D) The implementation of interprofessional teams.
E) All of these are among the suggested solutions for dealing with Canada's health care issues.

Question 27

The current trend toward cost containment pushes health psychology in the direction of research questions designed to

A) develop interventions that are time-limited, symptom-focused, and offered as outpatient services.
B) keep patients out of the health care system.
C) lower the costs of providing health care services.
D) develop convincing methods of measuring successful psychosocial interventions.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 28

To better address the health needs of women in the future it may be necessary to

A) recognize the diversity among Canadian women with respect to risk factors for health and access to health care.
B) recognize the importance of social factors in their health.
C) systematically investigate women's health and their particular risk factors.
D) consider such issues as violence against women as one of its priorities.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the changes expected to occur by the year 2020?

A) There will be an increase in non-communicable diseases associated with aging.
B) Global warming will mean that formerly colder climates will be plagued by diseases of warmer climates.
C) The increasing cultural diversification of the Canadian population will mean that greater attention will have to be paid to the delivery of culturally sensitive health care.
D) There will be a decrease in virulent infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.
E) All of these are expected to occur by the year 2020.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic problems facing the users of the health care system in Canada?

A) Health care costs too much money for the average user.
B) The system is inequitable.
C) It is not easily accessible.
D) Quality of care leaves much to be desired.
E) These are all problems facing users of the Canadian health care system.

Question 31

One important characteristic of the two-career family, which has an important impact on primary prevention for stress-related disorders, is the fact that

A) nutrition in two-career households is generally poor.
B) the two-career family has fewer opportunities for building socially supportive networks.
C) working wives and mothers show problems in psychological adjustment.
D) the two-career family must absorb an extra week a year of housework, home activities, and child care.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 32

Discuss the many advances in stress management that are available to reduce or offset stressful circumstances.

Question 33

Explain current pressures toward cost containment of health care costs. In what ways do these economic factors affect research and practice in health psychology?

Question 34

Heart disease research has substantially overrepresented

A) men.
B) women.
C) the elderly.
D) minorities.
E) alcoholics.

Question 35

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers may be one potential venue for encouraging and supporting health behaviour change because

A) of the holistic health focus associated with CAM care.
B) their longer consultation times.
C) research suggests that they encourage and support autonomous health behaviour changes.
D) the patient is more engaged and therefore feels more responsible for their health.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 36

Why is refocusing health promotion efforts important and how can this be achieved? Discuss the venues and factors that need to be considered in order to improve health promotion in the future.