Deck 2: Examining Data: Tables and Figures

Question 1

Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

A) to test their research hypotheses
B) to define their population
C) to figure out which variable is the independent variable
D) to understand the shape of the distribution

Answer 1

to understand the shape of the distribution

Question 2

A researcher conducts a study on police effectiveness in reducing loitering. The respondents are asked to select from the answer choices "NOT effective, effective, or very effective." Which type of figure is most appropriate to illustrate the responses to the question?

A) pie chart
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) frequency polygon

Answer 2

bar chart

Question 3

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable "Age in years" while a ______ would be used to illustrate "15 to 24; 25 to 34; 35 to 44; etc."

A) frequency polygon; pie chart
B) histogram; pie chart
C) histogram; bar chart
D) frequency polygon; bar chart

Answer 3

histogram; bar chart

Question 4

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable "Number of cars per driver."

A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) frequency polygon
D) pie chart

Question 5

Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

A) to calculate inferential statistics
B) to defend their research hypotheses
C) to gain an initial understanding of their data
D) to identify their independent and dependent variables

Question 6

On the first day of class, students are asked to describe their plans after college (grad school, work, etc.); a ______ would be used to illustrate their responses to this question.

A) frequency polygon
B) normal distribution
C) histogram
D) bar chart

Question 7

Which of these is a reason why researchers examine the data they have collected?

A) to detect outliers
B) to calculate measures of central tendency and variability
C) to test their research hypotheses
D) to draw inferences about populations

Question 8

Which of the following is a reason why researchers examine the data they have collected?

A) to calculate measures of central tendency and variability
B) to detect coding or data entry errors
C) to test their research hypotheses
D) to draw inferences about populations.

Question 9

Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

A) to prove a research hypothesis
B) to determine whether the population is skewed
C) to identify the modality of a distribution
D) to decide whether a variable is measured at the interval or ratio scale

Question 10

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable "Number of siblings."

A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) frequency polygon
D) pie chart

Question 11

______ are rare, extreme scores that lie outside of the range of the majority of scores in a set of data.

A) Distributions
B) Outliers
C) Data point
D) Data errors

Question 12

Which of these is a reason why researchers examine data by creating tables and figures?

A) to prove their research hypotheses
B) to define their independent and dependent variables
C) to detect outliers
D) to draw conclusions about populations

Question 13

Which of these is NOT a reason why researchers examine data they have collected?

A) to evaluate their research methodology
B) to assess the shape of the distribution of scores
C) to draw inferences about populations
D) to detect outliers

Question 14

Which of the following is a reason why researchers examine the data before conducting statistical analyses on the data?

A) to draw inferences about the sample
B) to test the null hypothesis
C) to determine whether the data meet statistical criteria and assumptions
D) to make comparisons between the sample and population

Question 15

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the variable "Cost per vehicle."

A) pie graph
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) bar chart.

Question 16

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

A) histogram; interval
B) frequency polygon; ordinal
C) pie graph; ratio
D) bar chart; ratio

Question 17

Which of these is NOT a reason why researchers examine data they have collected?

A) to evaluate their research methodology
B) to assess the shape of the distribution of scores
C) to detect outliers
D) to prove their research hypotheses

Question 18

You ask people to indicate the number of television sets in their residence (home, apartment, etc.). You would use a ______ to illustrate the data for this variable.

A) frequency polygon
B) histogram
C) bar chart
D) pie chart

Question 19

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

A) pie graph; interval
B) frequency polygon; nominal
C) histogram; ordinal
D) bar chart; nominal

Question 20

For a variable measured at the ______ scale of measurement, one would use a ______ to illustrate the data.

A) interval; pie graph
B) ratio; frequency polygon
C) nominal; histogram
D) ratio; bar chart

Question 21

An instructor conducts a survey on the students to determine their religious preference. The data is measured at the ______ scale of measurement and therefore the instructor would use a ______ to illustrate the data.

A) nominal; pie graph
B) nominal; histogram
C) ordinal; bar chart
D) interval; pie graph

Question 22

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the students predicted Candidate C will win the election; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 68; .55%
B) 68; 55.3%
C) 75; 61.0%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 23

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the sample are married; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 54; 46.6%
B) 62; 53.8%
C) 116; 63.8%
D) 54; 63.8%

Question 24

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample live in the 925 area code; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 10; .15%
B) 15; 10.0%
C) 10; 14.5%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 25

You would use a ______ to illustrate data for the 'Employment status' variable because it's measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

A) pie graph; ratio
B) frequency polygon; nominal
C) histogram; ordinal
D) bar chart; nominal

Question 26

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) frequency polygon

Question 27

An instructor determines the number of students looking at Facebook or Twitter pages during five of her lectures. She would use a ______ to illustrate this data because this variable is measured at the ______ scale of measurement.

A) pie graph; interval
B) frequency polygon; nominal
C) histogram; ratio
D) bar chart; ordinal

Question 28

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph
B) frequency polygon
C) histogram
D) bar chart

Question 29

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) frequency polygon
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) none of these is correct

Question 30

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample believed 9 or more drinks defined 'binge drinking'; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 35; 10.5%
B) 23; 20.2%
C) 12; 30.7%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 31

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample work 0-10 hours per week; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 16; .19%
B) 70; 81.8%
C) 16; 18.6%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 32

You would use either a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph or frequency polygon
B) bar chart or pie graph
C) histogram or frequency polygon
D) bar chart or histogram

Question 33

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of the students had SAT Math scores between 200 and 400; this represents ______ of the class.

A) 37; 40.3%
B) 52; 37.4%
C) 52; .37%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 34

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph or frequency polygon
B) bar chart or histogram
C) histogram or frequency polygon
D) bar chart or pie graph

Question 35

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph
B) frequency polygon
C) histogram
D) bar chart

Question 36

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample are 'NOT sure' of their plans after finishing college; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 20; 23.2%
B) 23; 26.8%
C) 42; 48.8%
D) Cannot be determined with information provided

Question 37

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table,______ of the sample work part-time; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 54; 63.8%
B) 62; 53.8%
C) 116; 63.8%
D) 54; 46.6%

Question 38

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample are NOT employed; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 54; 63.8%
B) 62; 53.8%
C) 54; 46.6%
D) 116; 63.8%

Question 39

You would use either a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph or frequency polygon
B) bar chart or pie graph
C) histogram or frequency polygon
D) bar chart or histogram

Question 40

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table.

A) pie graph
B) bar chart
C) histogram
D) frequency polygon

Question 41

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample preferred 'Yellow'; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 70; 32.9%
B) 70; 59.6%
C) 143; 67.1%
D) 213; 32.9%

Question 42

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; ordinal
B) bar chart; nominal
C) histogram; interval
D) pie graph; ratio

Question 43

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample owned 1 phone; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 4; 20.0%
B) 4; 55.0%
C) 16; 80.0%
D) 20; 20.0%

Question 44

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample took physics; on the other hand, ______took chemistry.

A) 49; 53.2%
B) 49; 35.3%
C) 30; 31.7%
D) 30; 45.3%

Question 45

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; ordinal
B) bar chart; nominal
C) histogram; interval
D) pie graph; ratio

Question 46

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample selected 'Lunch'; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 31; 52.5%
B) 31; 86.4%
C) 28; 47.5%
D) 59; 52.5%

Question 47

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample took a math class; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 19; 13.7%
B) 19; 45.3%
C) 49; 35.3%
D) 49; 13.7%

Question 48

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample owned 0 phones; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 7; 35.0%
B) 7; 55.0%
C) 13; 20.0%
D) 20; 35.0%

Question 49

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had 'other' hair color; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 57; 26.8%
B) 57; 59.6%
C) 156; 32.9%
D) 213; 26.8%

Question 50

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; nominal
B) bar chart; interval
C) histogram; ratio
D) pie graph; ordinal

Question 51

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; ordinal
B) bar chart; nominal
C) histogram; interval
D) pie graph; ratio

Question 52

A table that groups the values of a variable measured at the interval or ratio level of measurement into a small number of intervals is known as a ______.

A) percent distribution table
B) grouped frequency distribution table
C) cumulative frequency distribution table
D) cumulative percent distribution table

Question 53

Given the nature of this variable, you would use a ______ to illustrate the data for this variable.

A) pie chart
B) normal distribution
C) bar chart
D) frequency polygon

Question 54

Which level of measurement of data would be BEST suited to construct a grouped frequency distribution?

A) dichotomous
B) nominal
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 55

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; ordinal
B) bar chart; nominal
C) histogram; interval
D) pie graph; ratio

Question 56

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample selected 'Dinner'; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 20; 33.9%
B) 20; 86.4%
C) 39; 52.5%
D) 59; 33.9%

Question 57

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had 0 jobs; this represents ______ of the sample.

A) 17; 19.1%
B) 17; 58.4%
C) 26; 29.2%
D) 26; 19.1%

Question 58

Grouped frequency distribution tables are created to summarize data for variables measured at the ______ level of measurement.

A) nominal or interval
B) nominal or ordinal
C) ordinal or ratio
D) interval or ratio

Question 59

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, ______ of this sample had 1 job; on the other hand, ______had 2 jobs.

A) 9; 39.3%
B) 9; 58.4%
C) 26; 49.4%
D) 26; 29.2%

Question 60

You would use a ______ to illustrate the data in this frequency distribution table because the variable is measured at the ______ level of measurement

A) frequency polygon; nominal
B) bar chart; interval
C) histogram; ratio
D) pie graph; ordinal

Question 61

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage ('%') for 2 arrests is ______; the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 2 arrests is ______.

A) 17.5%; 87.5%
B) 70.0%; 20.0%
C) 20.0%; 70.0%
D) 87.5%; 17.5%

Question 62

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with a B grade is ______.

A) 46.5%
B) 36.8%
C) 60.5%
D) 83.3%

Question 63

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage ('%') for 10th grade is ______; the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 10th grade is ______.

A) 15.8%; 78.9%
B) 18.4%; 78.9%
C) 34.2%; 94.7%
D) 78.9%; 18.4%

Question 64

Which of the following is TRUE statement regarding intervals in a grouped frequency distribution table?

A) The intervals should be of equal size.
B) The intervals should overlap.
C) Many of the intervals should have a frequency of zero.
D) All of the intervals should have the same frequencies.

Question 65

For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you've collected?

A) number of calories
B) type of salad dressing
C) favorite restaurant
D) day of week

Question 66

The intervals created for a grouped frequency distribution table should represent the nature of the data as ______ as possible.

A) redundantly
B) accurately
C) arbitrarily
D) simplistically

Question 67

The smallest values of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval are ______.

A) real limits
B) real lower limits
C) real upper limits
D) grouped frequency distribution

Question 68

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 11th grade is ______.

A) 15.8%
B) 34.2%
C) 78.9%
D) 94.7%

Question 69

The largest values of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval are ______.

A) real limits
B) real lower limits
C) real upper limits
D) grouped frequency distribution

Question 70

For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you've collected?

A) type of music
B) quality of video
C) number of downloads
D) favorite singer

Question 71

For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you've collected?

A) type of automobile
B) miles per gallon
C) color of automobile
D) type of gasoline

Question 72

Real limits are ______.

A) the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval
B) the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval
C) the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval
D) a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Question 73

For which of these variables would you create a grouped frequency distribution table to summarize data you've collected?

A) college major
B) year in school
C) type of housing
D) distance from campus (miles)

Question 74

When creating a grouped frequency distribution table, the number of intervals depends on ______.

A) the size of the population
B) the difference between the sample and the population
C) the distribution of data in the sample
D) arbitrary cutpoints

Question 75

Real upper limits are ______.

A) the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval
B) the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular level
C) the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval
D) a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Question 76

Real lower limits are ______.

A) the values of a variable that fall halfway between the top of one interval and the bottom of the next interval
B) the smallest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular level
C) the largest value of a variable that would be grouped into a particular interval
D) a small number of intervals that provide the frequencies within each interval

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for creating grouped frequency distribution tables?

A) The number of intervals should accurately represent the data.
B) Intervals should be of equal size.
C) Intervals should not overlap.
D) The data are grouped into arbitrary intervals.

Question 78

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 3 victimization is ______.

A) 17.5%
B) 20.0%
C) 50.0%
D) 87.5%

Question 79

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the percentage ('%') for 2 arrests is ______; the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 2 arrests is ______.

A) 5.0%; 90.0%
B) 15.0%; 90.0%
C) 20.0%; 95.0%
D) 90.0%; 15.0%

Question 80

Filling in the blanks in this frequency distribution table, the cumulative percent ('Cum %') associated with 3 arrests is ______.

A) 5.0%
B) 20.0%
C) 90.0%
D) 95.0%