Deck 4: Energy and Life

Question 1

How does ATP release energy that can be used by living cells?

A)By being exposed to body heat
B)By breaking a bond within an ATP molecule
C)By being exposed to sunlight
D)By adding more phosphate groups to itself

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following organism is not a consumer?

A)A lion
B)A human
C)A mushroom
D)A oak tree

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the definition of energy?

A)The capacity to do work
B)The movement of an object
C)Particles moving in waves through a system
D)The amount of order in a system

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Identify the principal role of cellular respiration.

A)To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
B)To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars
C)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
D)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

Question 5

We use energy in many ways.What is one thing we cannot do to energy?

A)Destroy it.
B)Waste it.
C)Convert it.
D)Store it.

Question 6

Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.

A)A pencil on your desk
B)A pencil falling from your desk
C)A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk
D)A pencil laying on the ground

Question 7

The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle?

A)Chloroplasts
B)Nucleus
C)Mitochondria
D)Ribosomes

Question 8

What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?

A)To produce ATP
B)To carry out photosynthesis
C)To produce sugars
D)There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts

Question 9

Since energy cannot be created, which arrow represents the energy that will be converted to chemical energy the chameleon can later use?

A)Arrow A, the tongue extending
B)Arrow B, the insect being eaten
C)Arrow C, sunlight striking the chameleon
D)Arrow D, heat radiating from the chameleon

Question 10

Which of the following can carry out photosynthesis?

A)Seaweeds
B)Some bacteria
C)Plants
D)All of the above can carry out photosynthesis

Question 11

Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.

A)Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.
B)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the sugars needed to fuel the energy of life.
C)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the oxygen necessary to sustain life.
D)Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the heat necessary to sustain life.

Question 12

Which of the following is a common energy currency in living cells that powers most living organisms?

A)Sunlight
B)Heat
C)ATP
D)Phosphate

Question 13

Which processes can be carried out by producers?

A)Only photosynthesis
B)Only cellular respiration
C)Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
D)Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

Question 14

Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the water falls over the top of the dam.It may be enough energy to turn a mill wheel or an electricity-generating turbine.Choose the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam.

A)Chemical
B)Potential
C)Radiant
D)Kinetic

Question 15

Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.

A)Plants
B)ATP molecules
C)The sun
D)Sugars

Question 16

Predict what would happen as the entropy of a system approaches 100%.

A)All motion would stop.
B)There would be little order in the system.
C)Everything would be very organized.
D)Heat would decrease.

Question 17

Which processes can be carried out by consumers?

A)Only photosynthesis
B)Only cellular respiration
C)Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
D)Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

Question 18

How does water enter a plant?

A)Through the roots
B)Through the stomata
C)Through the leaf
D)Through the grana

Question 19

Identify the principal role of photosynthesis.

A)To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
B)To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars
C)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
D)To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature

Question 20

Chemical energy is most often released by ________.

A)creating a bond between two molecules
B)breaking a bond within a molecule
C)reorganizing molecules with each other
D)adding phosphate groups to a molecule

Question 21

What molecule(s) link the light reactions (stage 1 of photosynthesis) to the Calvin cycle (stage 2 of photosynthesis)?

A)The oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules
B)The electron shuttles (ATP and NADPH)
C)The sugars
D)The water

Question 22

Where do the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight come from?

A)NADPH
B)Sunlight
C)Sugar
D)Water

Question 23

In such a pond that contains algae and fish, what processes are happening?

A)Only cellular respiration is happening, carried out by both the algae and the fish
B)Only photosynthesis is happening, carried out by the algae
C)Both photosynthesis (carried out by the algae)and cellular respiration (carried out by the fish)are happening
D)Both photosynthesis (carried out by the algae)and cellular respiration (carried out by both the algae and the fish)are happening

Question 24

How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

A)Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts.
B)Not enough of the green light penetrates the ozone layer and makes it to the plant.
C)Green light has such a small wavelength that most of it goes straight through the leaves without interacting with the chlorophyll.
D)Green light does not have enough energy to excite an electron in the photosystem.

Question 25

What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

A)It is the source of electrons.
B)It fixes carbon into sugars.
C)It excites electrons.
D)It splits ATP molecules.

Question 26

What happens during the electron transport chain of the light reactions?

A)The electrons get increasingly excited as they move up the chain.
B)The electrons release their energy, which is captured by ATP and NADPH.
C)The electrons get fused with each other to capture energy.
D)The electrons interact with oxygen to move up the chain.

Question 27

Where do the molecules used as the inputs of the Calvin cycles (ATP and NADPH) come from?

A)They come from the sun.
B)They come from the light reactions.
C)They come from the air.
D)They come from previous Calvin cycles.

Question 28

Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?

A)The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.
B)The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.
C)When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.
D)Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.

Question 29

The following question(s) relate to the data table below, showing typical fluctuating pH and dissolved oxygen levels in a fish pond with a heavy concentration of algae over a 24-hour period.

You are investigating a massive fish kill in one of the shallow lakes in the area.Lab reports show no toxins in the water, but a monitoring station reported these oxygen and pH values.Based on the table above, what, if any, is the relationship between oxygen and pH?

A)Inverse relationship: when one increases, the other decreases
B)Direct relationship: when one increases, the other also increases
C)Exponential relationship: when one increases, the other increases 10 to 100 times
D)No relationship: there is no pattern between oxygen and pH

Question 30

Name the fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast.

A)Thylakoids
B)Stroma
C)Grana
D)Stomata

Question 31

The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________.

A)O₂
B)ATP
C)CO₂
D)Sugar

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A)Carbon dioxide + Sugar + Energy = Oxygen + Water
B)Oxygen + Water + Carbon dioxide = Sugar + Energy
C)Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen
D)Oxygen + Sugar = Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Question 33

Plastids are storage organelles.A chloroplast is a type of plastid.What does a chloroplast store?

A)Carbon
B)Chlorophyll
C)Sugar
D)Oxygen

Question 34

Which stage of photosynthesis, if any, can function in the dark?

A)Stage 1 (the light reactions)
B)Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
C)Both Stage 1 (the light reactions)and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
D)Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions)nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)

Question 35

What is a photosystem?

A)Stacks of thylakoids
B)A double-membrane organelle containing thylakoids
C)Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
D)A leaf or any green part of the plant

Question 36

Upon closer examination, the fish appeared to have died from a lack of oxygen.What time of day did the fish most likely die?

A)Around midnight
B)Just before dawn
C)In the middle of the afternoon
D)At sundown

Question 37

In such a pond that contains algae and fish, what is happening to the oxygen?

A)Oxygen is only produced by the algae
B)Oxygen is only consumed by the fish
C)Oxygen is only consumed by both the algae and the fish
D)Oxygen is produced by the algae, and consumed by the algae and the fish

Question 38

Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis.

A)It is split to form sugar.
B)It is the final electron acceptor.
C)It is a waste product in the light reactions.
D)It is the initial electron releaser.

Question 39

Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3GP)?

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Fermentation
C)Calvin cycle
D)Glycolysis

Question 40

What is a possible reason for oxygen to be so low by the end of the night?

A)Algae produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis during the day, and not at night, so oxygen runs out by the end of the night; fish are not linked to the low oxygen.
B)Fish consume oxygen during the night, and oxygen starts to run out by dawn; algae are not linked to the low oxygen.
C)Algae produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis during the day, but not at night, so oxygen runs out by the end of the night; in addition, fish continue to consume oxygen during the night, which further reduces the oxygen by the end of the night.
D)Neither fish nor algae or linked to the low oxygen found at the end of the night.

Question 41

ATP molecules are charged during cellular respiration; where does the energy to charge the ATPs comes from?

A)The energy comes from the breaking of chemical bonds within glucose.
B)The energy comes from the water.
C)The energy comes from the building of carbon dioxide.
D)The energy comes from the breaking of oxygen.

Question 42

Identify the stage of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria.

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Electron transport chain
C)Glycolysis
D)All of the above occur outside of the mitochondria

Question 43

For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis?

A)For cellular respiration to produce ATP
B)For storage
C)For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant
D)All of the above

Question 44

Identify the stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

A)Citric acid cycle
B)Calvin cycle
C)Electron transport chain
D)Glycolysis

Question 45

What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?

A)It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
B)It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
C)It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.
D)It is completely destroyed.

Question 46

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?

A)Glycolysis
B)Citric acid cycle
C)Fermentation
D)Electron transport chain

Question 47

Which molecule has a higher potential energy?

A)ADP
B)ATP
C)ANP
D)NADP+

Question 48

Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?

A)Yes, about as much as with oxygen.
B)Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.
C)Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
D)No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.

Question 49

Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe?

A)Glycolysis
B)Citric acid cycle
C)Electron transport chain
D)Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain require oxyen

Question 50

At what stage(s) is carbon dioxide needed in photosynthesis?

A)At the very beginning of the light reactions
B)At the end of the light reactions
C)During the Calvin cycle
D)During both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle

Question 51

Yeast is used to produce beer and wine but can also make bread rise.All of these processes involve the production of alcohol.Explain why you can eat bread and not get drunk.

A)The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol.
B)The amount of alcohol produced is too small to be noticeable.
C)The bread-making process produces ethyl alcohol, not isopropyl alcohol.
D)The bread-making process produces isopropyl alcohol, not ethyl alcohol.

Question 52

What is the chemical equation for glucose?

A)C₂H₄O₂
B)C₄ H₈O₄
C)C₆H₁₂O₆
D)C₈H₁₆O₈

Question 53

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

A)To produce carbon dioxide
B)To produce sugars
C)To produce ATP
D)To produce oxygen

Question 54

Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.

A)CO₂
B)H₂O
C)O₂
D)ATP

Question 55

Respiration is called aerobic because ________.

A)it happens in the absence of oxygen
B)it requires oxygen
C)it requires carbon dioxide
D)it happens in mitochondria

Question 56

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A)In the chloroplasts
B)In the mitochondria
C)In the nucleus
D)In the airways of the respiratory system

Question 57

Identify the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

A)It is split to become incorporated into sugars.
B)It is split to release electrons.
C)It is a by-product of the Calvin cyle
D)It is the final electron acceptor.

Question 58

The bulk of the mass of a plant is made from ________.

A)minerals from the soil obtained by the roots of a plant
B)sugars from the soil obtained by the roots of a plant
C)sugars made in photosynthesis, which were made from carbon dioxide
D)oxygen absorbed by the pores in leaves

Question 59

What is anaerobic fermentation?

A)A process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
B)A process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen
C)A process that releases energy from food that is more efficient than aerobic respiration
D)A process that releases energy from food only found in bacteria

Question 60

What are the main by-products of cellular respiration?

A)Oxygen and sugars
B)Sugars and water
C)Water and carbon dioxide
D)Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 61

What color of light is not used for photosynthesis? How could you know this just by looking at a leaf?

Question 62

Explain why mitochondria are often called "the powerhouse of the cell."

Question 63

What does it mean to "fix" carbon, and during which stage of photosynthesis is carbon fixed?

Question 64

Why can't an aerobic bacterium produce as much energy as an animal cell can produce from a gram of sugar?