Deck 12: Civil Rights

Question 1

Which one of the following is an example of de facto segregation in the United States?

A)Jim Crow laws
B)Poll taxes
C)Literacy tests
D)Grandfather clauses
E)Housing patterns

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A law that treats people differently on account of gender is invalid unless it passes which of the following tests?

A)Reasonableness test
B)Strict scrutiny
C)Skeptical scrutiny
D)Literacy test
E)Rational-basis test

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)outlaws

A)employment discrimination against the disabled.
B)firing someone who is disabled.
C)the suing of employers by disabled employees.
D)wheelchairs in the workplace.
E)poll taxes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibited which of the following kinds of discrimination?

A)Gender discrimination in private clubs
B)Racial discrimination in restaurants
C)Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation
D)Discrimination against military veterans
E)All of the above

Question 5

The right of women to vote was granted by the

A)Fifteenth Amendment.
B)Nineteenth Amendment.
C)Twenty-first Amendment.
D)Civil Rights Act.
E)Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 6

To successfully meet the definition of "disability" under the Supreme Court's 2002 interpretation of the Americans with Disabilities Act,an individual must prove

A)disability from conditions that are correctable,such as poor eyesight.
B)disability from illnesses such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
C)a temporary disability lasting at least six months or a permanent disability.
D)disability from work-related activities and from activities that are central to daily life.
E)disability due to an on-the-job activity.

Question 7

Which one of the following is true with respect to the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education (1954)?

A)It required schools to desegregate within one year of the decision.
B)School desegregation moved quickly in the Deep South.
C)It addressed de facto segregation.
D)The case was argued by W.E.B.Du Bois.
E)The situation in the South did not change significantly until Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 8

Civil rights concern

A)the right to freedom of expression.
B)the rights enumerated in the First Amendment.
C)the rights of economic and social equality.
D)the right not to be discriminated against.
E)the rights to life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness.

Question 9

Upon which delegated power under the Constitution did Congress rely to forbid discrimination in public facilities under Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A)The power to approve interstate compacts
B)The power to provide for the common defense
C)The interstate rendition clause
D)The power to lay and collect taxes
E)The power to regulate interstate commerce

Question 10

Poll taxes were abolished with the ratification of the

A)Twenty-first Amendment.
B)Fourteenth Amendment.
C)Twenty-fourth Amendment.
D)Eighteenth Amendment.
E)First Amendment.

Question 11

In which case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the "separate but equal" doctrine, holding segregation constitutional?

A)Plessy v.Ferguson
B)Sweatt v.Painter
C)McCulloch v.Maryland
D)Dred Scott v.Sanford
E)Marbury v.Madison

Question 12

Frederick Douglass was

A)a president of the Confederacy.
B)an abolitionist movement leader.
C)a free speech expert.
D)the first black Supreme Court justice.
E)a Confederate general.

Question 13

Which one of the following is true of the Supreme Court's decision in Planned Parenthood v.Casey (1992)?

A)It overturned Roe v.Wade.
B)It required second-term abortions to be performed only in licensed clinics.
C)It struck down a constitutional amendment intended to permit the states to restrict abortion.
D)It struck down a Missouri law that imposed a number of restrictions on abortions.
E)It established a standard that abortion restrictions should not place an "undue burden" on women.

Question 14

What does the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission do?

A)Designs affirmative action programs
B)Ensures that the average salaries of men and women are equal
C)Investigates and attempts to resolve disputes about discrimination in the workplace
D)Creates jobs for women and racial minorities
E)Provides employment counseling and job training for women and racial minorities

Question 15

In which of the following areas was the women's rights movement least successful?

A)Equality in employment
B)Equality in education
C)Access to abortions
D)Prohibition of sexual harassment
E)Enactment of the Equal Rights Amendment

Question 16

The NAACP's greatest successes have come about through

A)public opinion polls.
B)legislation.
C)moral suasion.
D)court actions.
E)lobbying.

Question 17

The U.S.Supreme Court upheld the right of Pennsylvania to require informed consent and a twenty-four-hour waiting period for an abortion in its decision in

A)Roe v.Wade.
B)Reed v.Reed.
C)Webster v.Reproductive Health Services.
D)Planned Parenthood v.Casey.
E)Plessy v.Ferguson.

Question 18

A literacy test as a requirement for voting was abolished by

A)the Supreme Court.
B)acts of Congress.
C)laws passed by legislatures in all fifty states.
D)the Twenty-fourth Amendment.
E)the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 19

Which amendments to the U.S.Constitution were passed in an attempt to give freed slaves the full rights of citizenship?

A)The Second Amendment and Third Amendment
B)The Ninth Amendment and Tenth Amendment
C)The Sixth Amendment and Thirteenth Amendment
D)The Eighth Amendment and Nineteenth Amendment
E)The Fourteenth Amendment and Fifteenth Amendment

Question 20

Collectively,the U.S.Supreme Court cases Grutter v.Bollinger and Gratz v.Bollinger suggest that affirmation action

A)is likely permissible if it is narrowly tailored to fulfill a compelling state interest and does not rely on quotas.
B)is likely permissible as long as it is a points-based system and is otherwise colorblind.
C)is likely permissible as long as it reduces racial inequality and promotes cultural awareness or understanding.
D)may be unconstitutional if the goal is to promote diversity.
E)is typically unconstitutional.

Question 21

In order to prevent blacks from having meaningful opportunities to select officeholders,

A)the Democratic Party in the South prohibited blacks from participating in primary elections.
B)southern states refused to open polling places during daylight hours.
C)southern states outlawed the Democratic Party.
D)local governments eliminated elections and appointed officeholders instead.
E)white citizens boycotted most elections.

Question 22

Sit-ins and boycotts were used by the civil rights movement to protest racial discrimination in public facilities.

Question 23

People suffering from AIDS are covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Question 24

Members of which of the following groups were forced into internment camps in the 1940s?

A)Gay and lesbian Americans
B)African Americans
C)Irish Americans
D)Japanese Americans
E)Americans with mental disabilities

Question 25

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court ruled that

A)"separate but equal" facilities are permissible.
B)states may decide for themselves whether schools should be integrated.
C)states may decide for themselves whether schools should be segregated.
D)segregated educational facilitates are inherently unequal.
E)schools are exempt from the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 26

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act?

A)Deafness
B)Diabetes
C)Physical mobility impairments
D)Mental illness
E)Drug abuse

Question 27

Civil rights are a subcategory of civil liberties.

Question 28

What helps to explain the Supreme Court's increased willingness to uphold significant restrictions on the right to an abortion?

A)Changes in the membership of the Supreme Court
B)Constitutional amendments aimed at making it easier to restrict access to abortion
C)The expansion in the availability of contraceptives
D)Technological advances in the field of reproductive medicine
E)The increase in the number of Republicans in Congress

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a Jim Crow law?

A)Literacy tests
B)Segregated movie theaters
C)Grandfather clauses
D)The Civil Rights Act of 1964
E)The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 30

Under a law passed by Congress,handicapped children are entitled to

A)free tuition at the private or public school of their choice.
B)only those services a school district can "reasonably be expected to provide."
C)an education that enhances their quality of life.
D)those services that are both helpful and appropriate and that do not distract from the attention given to typically developing students
E)a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive suitable environment.

Question 31

What is the constitutional basis for the goal of legal equality for all Americans?

A)The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
B)The supremacy clause of Article VI
C)The three-fifths compromise
D)The Declaration of Independence
E)Article I,section 8

Question 32

Title IX prohibits discrimination by colleges and universities that receive federal funds.Members of which of the following groups have benefited the most from this law?

A)Social scientists
B)Women athletes
C)Gays and lesbians
D)Law students
E)Graduate students

Question 33

Which of the following methods was used to hinder black participation in elections in the South?

A)Strict-scrutiny tests
B)Substantiality tests
C)Affirmative action
D)De facto segregation
E)Poll taxes

Question 34

In the Dred Scott decision,the Supreme Court ruled that

A)slaves were property and not citizens.
B)the Missouri Compromise was constitutional.
C)civil rights protections were not extended to women until they got married.
D)minorities were not entitled to vote.
E)slavery was an unconstitutional violation of the due process clause.

Question 35

Segregation of African Americans in the northern states has most often taken the form of de jure segregation.

Question 36

There are no federal laws that prohibit which of the following kinds of discrimination in the private workforce?

A)Gender discrimination
B)Racial discrimination
C)Discrimination on the basis of ethnicity
D)Discrimination on the basis of disability
E)Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation

Question 37

The Voting Rights Act was expanded in 1975 to protect

A)women.
B)language minorities.
C)gays and lesbians.
D)independents and nonpartisans.
E)students.

Question 38

Race-based and gender-based laws are given the same constitutional scrutiny by the Supreme Court.

Question 39

Laws that discriminate on the basis of __________ are afforded the strictest scrutiny by the Supreme Court when determining their constitutionality.

A)gender
B)disability
C)race
D)sexual orientation
E)educational attainment

Question 40

Which of the following has NOT been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?

A)Affirmative action programs that use quotas
B)Set-asides for minority-owned companies
C)Abortion restrictions that pose an undue burden on women
D)De jure segregation
E)De facto segregation

Question 41

On average,women earn 75 percent of what men earn.

Question 42

About half a dozen U.S.states have legalized same-sex marriage.

Question 43

The most far-reaching legislation affecting people with physical and mental disabilities is the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 44

Most court challenges to sex-based discrimination have relied on the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Question 45

A person claiming discrimination in employment on the basis of race can bring suit under Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 46

To discourage blacks from voting,southern states employed literacy tests.

Question 47

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 has been amended to specify that a government has discriminated if the result of a particular law is discriminatory.It is no longer necessary to prove that the government intended to discriminate.

Question 48

The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v.Board of Education (1954)ended segregation in schools across the nation almost immediately.

Question 49

Title IX makes it legal for any educational institution receiving federal financial assistance to consider race or gender when determining enrollment.

Question 50

The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 freed all slaves.

Question 51

Affirmative action refers to a variety of policies and programs that seek to advance the position of minorities and women.

Question 52

Planned Parenthood v.Casey overruled Roe v.Wade.

Question 53

In the case of Planned Parenthood v.Casey,the Supreme Court declared it would henceforth ask whether the restriction placed "an undue burden" on women seeking to have an abortion.

Question 54

As a result of the women's rights movement,women have achieved true equality with men.

Question 55

The Civil Rights Cases of 1883 established the doctrine of "separate but equal."