Question 1

The mother of a school-aged child asks the nurse how to help prevent her child from acquiring metabolic syndrome.The nurse informs the child's mother that education for children in primary grades should focus on which action(s)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Treatment of dyslipidemia
B) Prevention of smoking
C) Importance of moderate activity
D) Discouraging use of alcohol
E) Increase in saturated fat

Prevention of smoking
Importance of moderate activity
Discouraging use of alcohol

Accepted Answer

Prevention of smoking, importance of moderate activity, and discouraging use of alcohol are all important preventative measures for metabolic syndrome. Treatment of dyslipidemia is not preventative, but rather a treatment option for those who have already developed metabolic syndrome. Increased saturated fat intake is also not preventative and may actually increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Question 2

Which cardiovascular condition(s)is/are related to coronary artery diseases (CADs)? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Angina pectoris&#10;B) Pulmonary stenosis&#10;C) Acute myocardial infarction&#10;D) Pericarditis&#10;E) Venous stasis ulcers

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction are both related to coronary artery diseases (CADs). Pulmonary stenosis, pericarditis, and venous stasis ulcers are not typically associated with CADs.

Question 3

What is the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the United States?&#10;A) 1 in 3000&#10;B) 1 in 300&#10;C) 1 in 30&#10;D) 1 in 3

Accepted Answer

The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the United States is approximately 1 in 3, indicating a high prevalence of this condition among the adult population. This reflects the significant number of individuals who have a combination of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Question 4

Which instruction by the nurse is accurate to include in a patient's care to manage metabolic syndrome?&#10;A) Encourage the client to exercise 20 minutes every day.&#10;B) Eliminate alcohol intake.&#10;C) Increase simple carbohydrates in the diet.&#10;D) Reduce stress.

Accepted Answer

Reducing stress is an important aspect of managing metabolic syndrome, as stress can contribute to insulin resistance and other metabolic issues.

Question 5

Which is the mechanism of action demonstrated by exercise in managing blood glucose levels?&#10;A) Exercise causes release of glucose and promotes a reduced blood glucose level.&#10;B) Exercise on a regular basis causes a reduction in lean body mass,which helps regulate blood glucose levels.&#10;C) Increased muscle mass and less fat tends to normalize blood glucose levels because glucose is used by muscle cells when exercising.&#10;D) Exercise stimulates the liver,the primary storage and utilization site of glucose,to release glucose.

Accepted Answer

When we exercise, our muscles require energy, and this energy comes from glucose. As a result, our muscles become more sensitive to insulin, the hormone responsible for regulating blood glucose levels, and can take up more glucose from the bloodstream without the need for insulin. This means that after exercise, blood glucose levels tend to be lower because the glucose has been used by the muscles for energy. Additionally, exercise can help increase muscle mass while reducing body fat, which can promote more stable blood glucose levels over time.

Question 6

What is the most critical approach to the treatment of metabolic syndrome?&#10;A) Psychotherapy&#10;B) Pharmacotherapy&#10;C) Lifestyle management&#10;D) Patient education

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle management, including dietary changes and physical activity, is the most critical approach to treating metabolic syndrome. While pharmacotherapy and patient education can also be essential components of treatment, addressing the underlying lifestyle factors that contribute to metabolic syndrome is crucial for long-term management and prevention of complications such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Psychotherapy may be beneficial for addressing mental health concerns or behavioral changes, but it is not the primary approach for treating metabolic syndrome.

Question 7

Metabolic syndrome includes which key characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Hyperglycemia&#10;B) Abdominal obesity&#10;C) Low high-density lipoproteins&#10;D) Hypertension&#10;E) Osteoporosis

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster of conditions that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose levels), abdominal obesity (excessive fat accumulation in the waist), low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL or "good" cholesterol), and hypertension (high blood pressure). Osteoporosis is not a characteristic of metabolic syndrome.

Question 8

What lifestyle choice(s)may aggravate metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Excessive tobacco smoking&#10;B) Inadequate hydration&#10;C) Excessive exercise&#10;D) Inadequate caloric intake&#10;E) Excessive consumption of alcohol

Accepted Answer

Excessive tobacco smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol can aggravate metabolic syndrome by contributing to the risk factors associated with the syndrome, such as high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar levels, abnormal cholesterol levels, and increased waist circumference.

Question 9

Healthy diets should include no more than which percentage of saturated fat based on total calories?&#10;A) 30%&#10;B) 10%&#10;C) 7%&#10;D) 2%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Healthy diets should include no more than...

Question 10

A patient with a body mass index (BMI)of 25 would be considered to be in which weight category?&#10;A) Underweight&#10;B) Normal weight&#10;C) Overweight&#10;D) Obese

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 25 falls into the overweight category according to the standard BMI classification system.

Question 11

Which ethnic group or gender is at greatest risk for developing metabolic syndrome?&#10;A) Hispanic women&#10;B) Asian men&#10;C) African-American men&#10;D) White women

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which ethnic group or gender is at...

Deck 20: Introduction to Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome