Question 1

The patient asks the nurse to explain collaborative health care partnerships. The nurse gives a correct description when making which statement regarding collaborative care?&#10;A) Does not require participation of the patient.&#10;B) Is individual and cannot be mandated or legislated.&#10;C) Education needs are delegated to assistive personnel.&#10;D) Is designed to provide care to the patient as a whole.

Accepted Answer

Collaborative health care partnerships are designed to deliver well-balanced care to the patient as a whole, rather than rendering fragmented care involving a single element of a disease process. Prevention is not solely the responsibility of the nurse; it involves active participation by the individual and the combined services of practitioners in a spectrum of health care disciplines as varied as nutrition, physical therapy, exercise physiology, and pharmacy. Collaborative preventive care can be mandated in the form of health care legislation, with rates for reimbursement of practitioners determined by the individual provider's ability to collaborate and develop innovative methods for delivering high-quality, cost-effective health care services. The role of the professional nurse is to collaborate and communicate health education to the patient and family, care provider, or surrogate. Patient education responsibilities are not delegated to assistive personnel or other members of the health care team and are considered a cornerstone of nursing care.

Question 2

Several models exist that describe the relationship between health and wellness. Which model is used to understand the interrelationship between elements of basic requirements for survival and the desires that drive personal growth and development and is represented as a pyramid?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Health Belief Model
C) Health Promotion Model
D) Holistic Health Model

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs describes the relationships between the basic requirements for survival and the desires that drive personal growth and development. The model is most often presented as a pyramid consisting of five levels. The lowest level is related to physiologic needs, and the uppermost level is associated with self-actualization needs, specifically those related to purpose and identity. The Health Belief Model was developed by psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels. It explores how patients' attitudes and beliefs predict health behavior. The Health Promotion Model, developed by Pender and colleagues, defines health as a positive, dynamic state of well-being rather than the absence of disease in the physiologic state. Holistic health models in nursing care are based on the philosophy that a synergistic relationship exists between the body and the environment. Holistic care is an approach to applying healing therapies. Holistic models focus on the interrelatedness of body and mind.

Question 3

According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following patients would be most likely to change health behavior?&#10;A) The person who perceives that he is at risk for colon cancer&#10;B) The person who recognizes that colon cancer is easily cured&#10;C) The person who believes that behavior can change outcomes&#10;D) The patient who faces multiple social barriers

Accepted Answer

In the three primary components of the Health Belief Model, six main constructs influence an individual's decision to take action about disease prevention, screening, and controlling illness. The model suggests that individuals are motivated to take action if they believe that they are susceptible to the condition (i.e., perceived susceptibility), that the condition has serious consequences (i.e., perceived severity), that taking action would reduce the susceptibility or severity of the condition (i.e., perceived benefit), that the costs of taking action (i.e., perceived barriers) are outweighed by the benefits, that those who are exposed to factors (e.g., media campaigns, postcard reminders, and advice from others) will be prompted to action (i.e., cues to action), and that those who have confidence in their ability to perform an action will do so (i.e., perceived self-efficacy).

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia after an abrupt onset of fever, cough, and malaise. The patient is started on antibiotic therapy and is expected to improve in 2 to 3 weeks. Which statement by the nurse correctly identifies this illness?

A) Acute
B) Chronic
C) Remission
D) Exacerbation

Accepted Answer

Acute illness is typically characterized by an abrupt onset and short duration (<6 months). Clinical manifestations of acute illness appear quickly. They may be severe or lethal, or they may soon resolve because they respond to treatment or are self-limiting. Chronic illness is characterized by a loss or abnormality of body function that lasts longer than 6 months and requires ongoing long-term care. Chronic health conditions may be controlled with lifestyle management or drug therapy, but they are considered to be irreversible. Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of wellness (i.e., remission) and exacerbation (worsening) of clinical manifestations, which can be life threatening. Individuals learn to adjust their lifestyles accordingly.

Question 5

When discussing immunizations for infants and children with new parents, the nurse should focus on which approach?&#10;A) Providing scientific evidence to parents&#10;B) Stressing that nonimmunization is a crime&#10;C) Acknowledging that immunizations are not needed&#10;D) Informing the parents that they have no choice

Accepted Answer

Parents need to have scientific, evidence-based information about immunizations and their consequences before choosing to accept or reject immunizations for their children. The parent's ability to make an informed decision is the primary goal for nurses educating people about childhood immunizations.

Question 6

The nurse needs to consider which approach when caring for patients with chronic illness?&#10;A) Help the patient face the reality that he will not get better.&#10;B) Emphasize to the patient that the illness is not his fault.&#10;C) Focus on improving quality of life through preventive behaviors.&#10;D) Acknowledge the limitations placed on the patient by his suffering.

Accepted Answer

Nurses can help patients establish a daily routine of care by educating them about how to manage their care and the symptoms associated with the condition, including emergency or life-threatening situations. Emphasis is on improving quality of life through preventive behaviors. The attitude of being a victim, suffering with, or being afflicted by a chronic illness is viewed by nurses as a counterproductive behavior that needs positive intervention. Nurses can assist patients with strategies that help them cope with their chronic conditions and associated feelings of anger, frustration, and depression. Encouragement and positive support from a professional nurse can help individuals gain control over the alternating periods of health and illness and improve their quality of life.

Question 7

A 40-year-old patient presents to her provider for a yearly physical. The provider notes a family history of breast cancer in the patient's mother. The provider schedules the patient for a mammogram. The nurse recognizes this as what level of prevention?

A) Tertiary
B) Primary
C) Secondary
D) Holistic

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention is undertaken in cases of latent (hidden) disease. Although the patient may be asymptomatic, the disease process can be detected by medical tests. Nurses may use screening tests to assess for latent disease in vulnerable populations. Examples of screening tests used as secondary prevention strategies include the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test for tuberculosis, fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer, and mammograms for breast cancer. Primary prevention is instituted before disease becomes established by removing the causes or increasing resistance. Examples include the use of seatbelts and airbags in automobiles, helmet use when riding bicycles or motorcycles, and the occupational use of mechanical devices when lifting heavy objects. Tertiary prevention, also known as the treatment or rehabilitation stage of preventive care, is implemented when a condition or illness is permanent and irreversible. The aim of care is to reduce the number and impact of complications and disabilities resulting from a disease or medical condition. Interventions are intended to reduce suffering caused by poor health and assist the patients in adjusting to incurable conditions. Nursing care is focused on rehabilitation efforts in the tertiary stage of prevention. Holistic care is an approach to applying healing therapies. Nurses participate in holistic care through the use of natural healing remedies and complementary interventions. These include the use of art and guided imagery, therapeutic touch, music therapy, relaxation techniques, and reminiscence.

Question 8

The nurse knows the World Health Organization defines health in which of the following terms?&#10;A) The absence of disease&#10;B) The lack of infirmity&#10;C) Complete well-being&#10;D) Being independent of fiscal responsibility

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization offers a definition for health: "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Nurses are responsible for helping patients reach their optimal levels of physiologic and mental health, but they also must provide health care in a system that requires cost containment and fiscal responsibility.

Question 9

A patient presents to the clinic for illness, and the sick role is legitimized by the provider. The nurse recognizes this as what stage of illness according to Suchman's Model?&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

In stage III (Medical care contact), professional advice from health care providers is sought by the individual. A professional health care provider identifies and validates the illness and legitimizes the sick role. During stage II (Assumption of the sick role), the person decides that the illness is genuine and that care is necessary. This stage gives an individual permission to act sick and to be excused temporarily from typical social and personal obligations. During stage I (Symptom experience), a clinical manifestation of disease is experienced, and the person acknowledges that something is wrong and seeks a cure. The outcome of stage I is that the person accepts the reality of symptoms and decides to take action in seeking care. During stage IV (Dependent patient role), the person, who is designated as a patient, usually undergoes treatment. During this stage, patients often feel dependent on others and may experience ambivalent or fearful thoughts that cause them to reject treatment, the advice of health care providers, and the illness.

Question 10

The nurse recognizes the nursing goal for individuals and families seeking preventative care is to have those groups carry out which action?&#10;A) Take responsibility for their health and wellness.&#10;B) Abandon the use of electronic educational media.&#10;C) Make lifestyle changes after diseases occur.&#10;D) Use temporary changes until the danger has passed.

Accepted Answer

Nursing goals for all individuals and their families seeking preventive care are improvement of quality of life through positive lifestyle choices and taking responsibility for health and wellness. Nurses can refer patients to a variety of personal health quizzes, located in the online version of Healthy People 2020, for risk assessments of their health status and lifestyle. The quizzes allow people to track their health and wellness status over a period of years and identify trends in disease risk factors that can be modified through lifestyle interventions or preventive measures before the disease occurs. The Healthy People 2020 initiative helps nurses provide educational materials for individuals, families, and communities, enabling them to lead healthier lifestyles and to make permanent changes in wellness habits.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a patient's environment and its impact on outdoor activity and notes that the child rarely plays outside. Which is true regarding the indoor environment?&#10;A) Indoor environments protect the patient from toxics chemicals.&#10;B) Indoor activity is sometimes a result of unsafe outdoor conditions.&#10;C) Indoor activity decreases the risk of respiratory illness.&#10;D) Indoor lifestyles reduce the risk for sedentary behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assessing a patient's environment...

Question 12

The nurse caring for a patient with chronic pain uses guided imagery, therapeutic touch, and relaxation techniques as interventions for pain. The nurse is using what type of approach?&#10;A) Holistic&#10;B) Eastern holistic&#10;C) Risk factor reduction&#10;D) Health protection

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse caring for a patient with...

Question 13

The nurse knows that use of seatbelts and airbags in automobiles is an example of which term?&#10;A) Secondary prevention&#10;B) Tertiary prevention&#10;C) Holistic care&#10;D) Primary prevention

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that use of seatbelts...

Question 14

An overweight, sedentary middle-aged smoker with a family history of cardiac disease has noticed a steady rise in resting blood pressure over a 3- to 4-year period. The patient is concerned about his slightly elevated blood pressure and begins walking 20 to 30 minutes in the evenings with his wife and reduces his pack-a-day cigarette habit to ten cigarettes a day. The nurse identifies these actions are the initial step of which behavior?

A) Risk factor reduction
B) Self-actualization
C) Self-transcendence
D) Health promotion

Accepted Answer

The answer of An overweight, sedentary middle-aged smoker with a...

Question 15

The nurse is preparing a patient teaching plan and is seeking a way to determine the patient's readiness and motivation to act regarding lifestyle changes to best manage diabetes mellitus. Which model would be useful for this nurse?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Holistic Health Model
C) Health Promotion Model
D) Health Belief Model

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing a patient teaching...

Question 16

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a hip fracture. Which model would the nurse use to prioritize the patient's care?&#10;A) The Health Belief Model&#10;B) Pender's Health Promotion Model&#10;C) Maslow's hierarchy of needs&#10;D) The Holistic Health Model

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is developing a plan of...

Question 17

When considering factors influencing health and the impact of illness, specifically age, the nurse would correctly identify which patient as having the greatest risk?&#10;A) 10-year-old girl&#10;B) 23-year-old woman&#10;C) 47-year-old man&#10;D) 85-year-old woman

Accepted Answer

The answer of When considering factors influencing health and the...

Question 18

The nurse recognizes which concept that correctly completes the definition of the genetic vulnerability of an organism (risk of disease expression based on genotype)?&#10;A) It is involuntarily passed from biologic parents to offspring.&#10;B) It is totally unrelated to environmental factors.&#10;C) It is nonresponsive to alteration by way of lifestyle modification.&#10;D) It is not a factor in mental illness because it is behavioral.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recognizes which concept that correctly...

Question 19

The patient is asking about using the Internet for resources regarding lifestyle behaviors and benefits of modification. What is the best response that the nurse should provide the patient?&#10;A) Information on lifestyle behaviors is not available on the Internet.&#10;B) The patient should use websites that are easy to understand.&#10;C) Most websites are designed for health care providers only.&#10;D) Only negative outcomes are evaluated on the Internet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient is asking about using the...

Question 20

The nurse recognizes that intentional behaviors to circumvent illness, detect it early, and maintain the best possible level of mental and physiologic function within the boundaries of illness is the definition of which term?

A) Health promotion
B) Self-actualization
C) Health protection
D) Self-transcendence

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recognizes that intentional behaviors to...

Question 21

Self-concept refers to the way in which individuals perceive unchanging aspects of themselves, such as social character, cognitive abilities, physical appearance, and body image. Which additional point does the nurse the nurse recognize as part of the definition of self-concept?

A) If negative, self-concept will allow the patient to compensate for weaknesses.
B) If positive, self-concept will cause the patient to see challenges as devastating.
C) Self-concept is a concept that is derived from the patient internally.
D) Self-concept depends on relationships with family and friends.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-concept refers to the way in which...

Question 22

The nurse correctly recognizes which one of the following illnesses to trigger the broadest range of emotional and behavioral responses?&#10;A) Ear infection&#10;B) Mild concussion&#10;C) Rheumatoid arthritis&#10;D) Influenza

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse correctly recognizes which one of...

Question 23

The economic stability of individuals or families can determine whether they are willing to seek preventive care or screening examinations. The nurse knows which statements about screening examinations to be true?

A) Free or low-cost screening ensures patient screening.
B) People may not screen due to fear of testing positive.
C) Early screening ensures minimal treatment costs.
D) Employment stability is enhanced by early screening.
E) Treatment of disorders often means lost wages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The economic stability of individuals or families...

Question 24

The nurse recognizes which of the following to be a benefit of regular physical exercise?&#10;A) Enhances the immune system.&#10;B) Decreases bone density.&#10;C) Limits joint mobility.&#10;D) Improves mental health.&#10;E) Helps to prevent type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse recognizes which of the following...

Question 25

Which recommendations would the nurse identify as appropriate screening guidelines?&#10;A) Women ages 21 to 29 should have a Pap test every 3 years.&#10;B) Self-breast exams should be addressed with male and female patients.&#10;C) Adolescent males should perform monthly self-testicular exams.&#10;D) Women ages 30 to 65 should receive Pap tests every 10 years.&#10;E) After a total hysterectomy, Pap testing should be more frequent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which recommendations would the nurse identify as...

Deck 16: Health and Wellness