Deck 8: Ethics and the Environment

Question 1

The underlying belief of the _______________ is that free access with unrestricted use of any resource that is finite will ultimately ruin the resource through overexploitation.

A) tragedy of the commons
B) tragedy of the benefits
C) tragedy of the differentials
D) tragedy of the failures

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Employees at ______________ took responsibility for developing environmental programs that focus on waste reduction and recycling

A) Lucent technologies
B) Dupont
C) GE Plastics
D) Timberland

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the opening case which of these outcomes do the billboards not fulfill?

A) Purified water
B) Advertising
C) Electricity generation
D) Purified air

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A green manufacturing company can make three strategic manufacturing adjustments. Which of the following may not be a positive adjustment.

A) Adjustment to the manufacturing process
B) outsourcing of the manufacturing process
C) Introduction of new production processes
D) Incorporate waste reduction and recycling technologies

Question 5

The endorsement of the natural environment can help create competitive advantages for firms. Which of the following is not an advantageous factor?

A) the reduction of waste
B) the creation of a positive corporate image
C) reduce negative impact on the environment
D) greenwash policies

Question 6

Firms that had _______________ had the highest incidneces of environmental policies

A) a low level of financial performance
B) a medium level of financial performance
C) a high level of financial performance
D) a market leading level of financial performance

Question 7

An environmental compliance system does not include one of the following areas:

A) publish an annual environmental report
B) provide employees with environmental trainng
C) provide financial incentives for good environmental practice
D) ensure that the same environmental standards are consistent globally

Question 8

___________ of firm transformation is concerned with alignment of strategy and deployment of the sustainable strategy?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 5

Question 9

Under a(n) _______________ strategy, waste products are considered to be an inefficient use of resources.

A) environmental cost leadership
B) ecobranding
C) ecoefficiency
D) beyond compliance leadership

Question 10

In the opening case the new billboard purifies __________cubic meters of air daily.

A) 98
B) 100,000
C) 1200
D) 5

Question 11

In which of the following strategic focus does the firm embrace proactive environmental ideals as long as they can help reduce the overall cost of production?

A) environmental cost leadership
B) ecobranding
C) ecoefficiency
D) beyond compliance leadership

Question 12

The roots of the tragedy of the commons concepts go back to ____________, who stated that what is common to most people will receive the least amount of care.

A) Friedman
B) Aristotle
C) Socrates
D) Kant

Question 13

Ramus argues that employees are key stakeholders in the implementation of environmental commitment. _____________ is a key barrier to gaining their commitment?

A) Strategic auditing
B) Intrinsic personal awards
C) Extrinsic personal awards
D) lack of support by line managers

Question 14

_____________ was not a reason why the natural environment was considered not to be a legitimate stakeholder?

A) It did not have a voice
B) It is not human
C) It does not fit within Kant's ethical viewpoint
D) The natural environment is a vital component of the wider external environment impacting on the firm

Question 15

In the ________________ strategic focus, firms use their proactive environmental commitments in an attempt to differentiate their products and services for their customers and also allows potential customers to consider the natural environment when they are purchasing products and services.

A) environmental cost leadership
B) ecobranding
C) ecoefficiency
D) beyond compliance leadership

Question 16

According to the text, an example of a company that has embraced ecobranding to its fullest is _______________.

A) Dell Computers
B) Timberland
C) General Electric
D) Google

Question 17

In the __________________ strategic focus, the firm makes a conscious effort to acknowledge the demands of its stakeholders and is able to provide "proof" to their stakeholders pertaining to their commitment to the natural environment.

A) environmental cost leadership
B) ecobranding
C) ecoefficiency
D) beyond compliance leadership

Question 18

Friends of the Earth has idenetified envonmental accounting tricks that companies play. Which of the following is not one?

A) Lowballing superfund liabilities
B) creating anEnvironmental Defense Fund
C) hiding asbestos liability
D) painting a rosy picture

Question 19

Which of the following is not a research and development strategic adjustmen as part of going green?

A) develop new products that are environmentally friendly
B) consider redesigning the product and the production process
C) charging premium prices for new green products
D) develop waste recovery strategies

Question 20

With membership of 1.3 million, ______________ is the oldest and largest environmental group in the United States.

A) the Sierra Club
B) the Environmental Defense Fund
C) Greenpeace
D) Friends of the Earth

Question 21

Firms with an ecobranding strategic focus do not aim to generate a higher profit margin for its products and services.

Question 22

The _______________ was created in December 1997 with the aim of having every industrialized nation in the world voluntarily reduce the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere by 5.2 percent as compared with 1990 GHG emissions levels.

A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B) Environmental Defense Fund
C) Kyoto Treaty
D) Equator Principles

Question 23

An example of a company that has embraced ecobranding to its fullest is Timberland.

Question 24

Once a firm has completed its sustainable strategy implementation then that is the end of the journey.

Question 25

______________ is related to how the customer perceives the firm.

A) Reputational risk
B) Supply chain risk
C) Physical
D) Litigation risk

Question 26

_____________, as defined by the EPA, is a periodic, objective, and documented assessment of an organization's operations compared to the audit criteria.

A) Strategic auditing
B) Operational auditing
C) Ethical auditing
D) Environmental auditing

Question 27

In what year according to the text did the first major environmentally focused federal legislation take place?

A) 1938 b 1963
C) 1972
D) 1988

Question 28

According to the text, the majority of greenhouse gases originate from _____________.

A) carbon dioxide
B) hydrogen peroxide
C) nitrous oxide
D) methane

Question 29

All of the following represent the major components needed to define sustainability EXCEPT:

A) a system to ensure the sustainable management of the earth's natural resources
B) the development of social and institutional structures that would support the sustainable management of the natural resources
C) changes in the economic framework to support the sustainable management of the earth's natural resources
D) all of the selections represent major components needed to define sustainability

Question 30

According to the EPA what is considered to be a safe distance from a pollution source?

A) 1 mile
B) 800 yards
C) 2and a half miles
D) 5 miles

Question 31

Employee led environmental innovation strategies do not add value to the firm's environmental credibility

Question 32

The assumption that as climate change continues to impact the world, the vulnerability of suppliers and the raw materials needed for manufacturing will decrease is called _____________.

A) regulatory risk
B) supply chain risk
C) physical
D) litigation risk

Question 33

In the tragedy of the Commons, Hardin refutes Adam Smith's invisible hand by arguing that the self-interests of each individual do not always translate into the promotion of the public good for everyone.

Question 34

There are three levels of scope both for the organizational and product carbon footprint. Which of the actions below is not one of them?

A) Direct emissions controlled or owned by the firm.
B) Indirect emission sources not owned or controlled by the firm
C) Other indirect GHG emissions related to the firm
D) Personal emission generation by employees of the firm

Question 35

According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the three types of economies based on a country's stage of economic development?

A) survival
B) emerging
C) developed
D) overdeveloped

Question 36

All of the following represent types of risk for a firm due to the impact of climate change EXCEPT:

A) regulatory risk
B) employee risk
C) physical
D) litigation risk

Question 37

Which of the following types of risk is based on the premise that firms with high GHG emission levels will be threatened more frequently with lawsuits similar to those established in the tobacco, pharmaceutical and asbestos industries?

A) regulatory risk
B) supply chain risk
C) physical
D) litigation risk

Question 38

_______________ can be defined as the systematic equal allocation of environmental benefits and burdens.

A) Environmental auditing
B) Ethical justice
C) Environmental justice
D) Environmental accounting

Question 39

Research conducted by Stanwick and Stanwick found that firms in the "middle of the pack" financially had the highest levels of environmentally committment.

Question 40

Friends of the Earth is the oldest and largest environmental group in the United States.

Question 41

Supply chain risk is based on the belief that as the climate change continues to impact the global environment, governments around the world adopt stronger and more rigid regulations to control GHG emissions.

Question 42

In a short essay, list at least seven of the 13 areas in which environmentally proactive firms should address environmental issues.

Question 43

In developing a climate change strategy, supply chain measures include acquire energy from the cheapest sources only.

Question 44

To view sustainability from a global perspective, it must be recognized that countries in different stages of development regard sustainability with different priorities.

Question 45

In the US two key accounting rules, "FAS 5-Accounting for Contingencies" and "FIN 14-Reasonable Estimation of Loss," provide appropriate disclosures about their environmental liabilities.

Question 46

In a short essay, list and discuss the five types of risks a firm encounters due to the impact of climate change.

Question 47

In a short essay, explain the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons.

Question 48

Approximately 70% of solar radiation is reflected back towards the Sun

Question 49

In a short essay outline how a can transform itself through adopting Sustainable Strategies

Question 50

Regulatory risk is based on the assumption that as climate change continues to impact the world, the vulnerability of suppliers and the raw materials needed for manufacturing will decrease.

Question 51

In a short essay, discuss the strategic focus of (a) Ecoefficiency, (b) Beyond Compliance Leadership, (c) Ecobranding, (d) Environmental Cost Leadership.

Question 52

Environmental justice can be defined as the systematic equal allocation of environmental benefits and burdens.

Question 53

The firm's carbon footprint is based on the total amount of GHG emissions that are a direct result of the firm's operations.