Deck 7: Motivating Yourself and Others

Question 1

According to goal-setting theory,goals should be specific,be difficult to achieve,and require sustained effort.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bakers at Sugar Shack are allowed to occasionally experiment with the business kitchen's ingredients and come up with new baked treats to sell.This is an example of intrapreneurship.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In general,money is a more effective motivational tool for Generation Y workers than Mature or Baby Boomer workers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Without motivated workers,most companies will not succeed.

Question 5

Emotional,social,and physiological factors all contribute to an individual's sources of motivation.

Question 6

Members of the Baby Boomer generation often want to build a portable career and require frequent comments on how they are doing.

Question 7

Motives are consistent throughout life,in that what motivates an individual at one point in life will still motivate him or her later in life.

Question 8

A theory X manager would seek worker involvement in decision making at all levels within an organization.

Question 9

A factory worker who attaches a wheel one week and then inspects the wheel the next week is participating in job rotation.

Question 10

The expectancy theory supports the idea that individuals with low self-efficacy are more likely to give up or underperform.

Question 11

Curiosity,vengeance,romance,eating,and tranquility are all examples of the basic desires in the Reiss Profile.

Question 12

Gritty people are more inclined to be motivated by instant gratification.

Question 13

If a need is already satisfied,an individual cannot usually be motivated by that need.

Question 14

Training and education constitute one of several contemporary employee motivation strategies employed by successful organizations.

Question 15

Theory Y managers are more likely than theory X managers to use empowerment as a motivational technique.

Question 16

Employees who work for theory X managers are more motivated and likely to exceed their expectations.

Question 17

Social relationships,working conditions,and organizational policies and administration are all examples of Herzberg's motivational factors.

Question 18

Job enlargement is an attempt to give an employee more responsibilities or to encourage an employee to learn new skills.

Question 19

An individual's need to have friends and family as well as good relations with coworkers parallels the safety and security need level in Maslow's Hierarchy.

Question 20

It is easy to identify a person's motives because they are clearly reflected in that person's behavior.

Question 21

If a manager gives employees better working conditions and pay and opportunities for social networking,the manager is using only ____ to motivate the workers.

A) ​social needs
B) ​motivational factors
C) ​security needs
D) ​maintenance factors

Question 22

Under Herzberg's theory of motivation,opportunities for recognition,advancement,or more responsibility are considered​

A) ​ego boosters.
B) ​motivational factors.
C) ​maintenance factors.
D) ​unnecessary.

Question 23

Kyoko wants to consider the safety and security needs of her employees.Which of the following organizational conditions would help meet those needs?​

A) ​A pension plan
B) ​A seniority system of job assignment
C) ​A company benefits plan
D) ​All of these

Question 24

Individuals who are strongly self-motivated usually​

A) ​stick with endeavors that feel comfortable.
B) ​neglect to nurture their personal lives.
C) ​take on challenges that require hard work and persistence.
D) ​patiently let dilemmas naturally resolve themselves.

Question 25

A self-fulfilling prophecy is an example of which motivational theory?​

A) ​Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory
B) ​Expectancy theory
C) ​Goal-setting theory
D) ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 26

Joshua can barely make it out of bed in the morning.His job is terrible and makes the day seem very long.He feels anonymous and irrelevant at work.Research shows that he is probably justified in blaming​

A) ​himself for not quitting and looking for another job.
B) ​the lack of maintenance factors.
C) ​intrapreneurship.
D) ​his direct manager.

Question 27

Robert works at a concert hall.To keep his job interesting,he alternates his time among the ticket counter,security,and the refreshments counter.This is an example of​

A) ​job enrichment.
B) ​job rotation.
C) ​job expansion.
D) ​job enlargement.

Question 28

Steven Reiss,professor of psychology and psychiatry at The Ohio State University,identified sixteen basic desires.In order to be happy,it is necessary to​

A) ​determine which two do not fit your personality.
B) ​satisfy the majority.
C) ​satisfy only the five or six that are most important to you.
D) ​satisfy all of them.

Question 29

The opening vignette in Chapter 6 highlighted several people who accomplished very challenging tasks.Based on Daniel Pink's theory,which of these needs motivated them?​

A) ​mastery and purpose
B) ​self-actualization
C) ​autonomy and esteem
D) ​belongingness

Question 30

John is a customer service employee at a small bakery.He notices a customer deliberating the chocolate chip or sugar cookies.In his head,John hears his boss: "I trust your judgment;do what it takes to delight the customer." With that in mind,John offers the customer a sample of each cookie.John's boss uses ____ as a motivational tool.

A) ​incentives
B) ​job design
C) ​training and education
D) ​empowerment

Question 31

Herzberg's motivational factors parallel,to some degree,which of the needs in Maslow's theory?​

A) ​Self-actualization needs only
B) ​Self-actualization and esteem needs
C) ​Social and safety and security needs
D) ​Herzberg's motivational factors parallel all needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 32

Growing up,Omar learned a deep appreciation for the environment from his father,who was a forest ranger in a state park.Today he is an environmental engineer,designing wastewater treatment systems.Work for Omar is largely driven by which factor?​

A) ​physiological
B) ​cognitive
C) ​social
D) ​emotional

Question 33

Evaluate: McGregor's theory X/theory Y is most​

A) ​like the expectancy theory because workers often perform to their managers' pessimistic or optimistic expectations.
B) ​unlike the expectancy theory because workers are usually motivated to prove theory X managers wrong by exceeding their pessimistic expectations.
C) ​like Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory because theory X managers discover that maintenance factors such as pay incentives are most effective at motivating workers.
D) ​unlike the goal-setting theory because workers and managers in a theory Y environment do not implement goals.

Question 34

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on several assumptions,one of which is that​

A) ​both unsatisfied and satisfied needs can motivate behavior.
B) ​people seek to satisfy higher-level needs before more basic needs.
C) ​people have a primary need that requires a measure of satisfaction above all.
D) ​only unsatisfied needs motivate behavior.

Question 35

Intrapreneurship is an example of motivation through​

A) ​solicitation of employees' ideas.
B) ​employees' personal growth.
C) ​job design.
D) ​goal-setting.

Question 36

The Small Company offers excellent pay,provides lunch for employees,and organizes many social events to encourage group interaction.According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,which level has to be addressed next?​

A) ​Safety and security
B) ​Social or belongingness
C) ​Esteem
D) ​Self-actualization

Question 37

Which of the following contemporary motivational strategies recognizes the power of intrinsic rewards?

A) ​Job enrichment
B) ​Entrepreneurial incentives
C) ​Financial incentives
D) ​Piecework

Question 38

The goals with the greatest capacity to motivate a worker are the goals that are​

A) ​impossible to achieve and thus serve as an unattainable ideal.
B) ​simple to accomplish and thus provide evidence of sustained success.
C) ​challenging but not impossible to achieve.
D) ​stated in general terms to provide flexibility.

Question 39

Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been doubted by some researchers because​

A) ​it is not always well supported by results of clinical tests.
B) ​self-actualization involves external motivations.
C) ​satisfied needs are still likely to motivate individuals.
D) ​his theory cannot be related to the business world.

Question 40

Understanding what motivates anyone is not easy because each individual has different​

A) ​values,attitudes,and needs.
B) ​career paths.
C) ​employers.
D) ​obligations.

Question 41

Organizations that trust their customer service personnel to do what it takes,within the reasonable scope of policies,to make and keep happy,loyal customers utilize the motivational strategy of ____________________.

Question 42

The specific premise within the expectancy theory that connects your expectations of yourself and your resulting behavior is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 43

According to Frederick Herzberg,____________________ represent the basic things people consider essential to any job,such as salaries,supervision,and working conditions.

Question 44

Case 7.1
​
Antonio has a number of employees who report to him.He has been considering how to motivate these employees to higher levels of performance and productivity.Antonio believes that most people are motivated by the satisfaction they receive from doing their jobs.He thinks that workers have a personal need to do well on the job.Another manager,Dexter,argues that while Antonio may be right,it is important to offer financial incentives.Dexter believes that workers don't really want to come to work and that managers therefore have to provide a "carrot" to ensure quality and productivity.Part of his evidence is that employees keep complaining about pay,working conditions,and benefits even though the company pays well above average for the industry and the area.Several days after this conversation,both Dexter and Antonio attend a workshop on employee motivation that explains Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.
Refer to Case 7.1.Antonio's personal theory of motivation is​

A) ​based on theory X thinking.
B) ​built on external motivations.
C) ​focused on intrinsic rewards.
D) ​most closely related to a "hierarchy of needs approach."

Question 45

How would you define motivation,and what are its characteristics?​

Question 46

Critics of ___________ theory say he doesn't recognize the fact that some people may prefer routine jobs and a regular pay check to recognition and increased responsibility.

Question 47

Many people do not achieve their full potential because they are afraid to venture outside their ____________________.

Question 48

Explain the difference between "theory X" and "theory Y" views of human behavior.Then,evaluate: Do you believe one management theory is always more effective than the other? Why or why not?​

Question 49

An individual who works hard and exhibits determination demonstrates the quality of ____________________.

Question 50

Case 7.1
​
Antonio has a number of employees who report to him.He has been considering how to motivate these employees to higher levels of performance and productivity.Antonio believes that most people are motivated by the satisfaction they receive from doing their jobs.He thinks that workers have a personal need to do well on the job.Another manager,Dexter,argues that while Antonio may be right,it is important to offer financial incentives.Dexter believes that workers don't really want to come to work and that managers therefore have to provide a "carrot" to ensure quality and productivity.Part of his evidence is that employees keep complaining about pay,working conditions,and benefits even though the company pays well above average for the industry and the area.Several days after this conversation,both Dexter and Antonio attend a workshop on employee motivation that explains Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.
Refer to Case 7.1.Dexter's theory of motivation prior to the workshop most closely matches which of the following theories?​

A) ​Motivational factors in Herzberg's theory
B) ​Self-motivations controlling your expectations
C) ​Maslow's safety needs
D) ​McGregor's theory X

Question 51

Identify the four ways in which goals tend to motivate people and illustrate them using a real-life example of or hypothetical story about a person achieving a goal.

Question 52

Imagine that you manage Generation X and Y workers.Compare the motivational factors that are meaningful to them and suggest how you will motivate them.

Question 53

Case 7.1
​
Antonio has a number of employees who report to him.He has been considering how to motivate these employees to higher levels of performance and productivity.Antonio believes that most people are motivated by the satisfaction they receive from doing their jobs.He thinks that workers have a personal need to do well on the job.Another manager,Dexter,argues that while Antonio may be right,it is important to offer financial incentives.Dexter believes that workers don't really want to come to work and that managers therefore have to provide a "carrot" to ensure quality and productivity.Part of his evidence is that employees keep complaining about pay,working conditions,and benefits even though the company pays well above average for the industry and the area.Several days after this conversation,both Dexter and Antonio attend a workshop on employee motivation that explains Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.
Refer to Case 7.1.Antonio's approach to motivation will probably lead him to emphasize which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?​

A) ​Belonging needs
B) ​Esteem needs
C) ​Physiological needs
D) ​Security needs

Question 54

Jim's company gives individual employees as much responsibility and autonomy on the job as possible.As people move "up the ladder," the size of their offices increases and the quality of their office furniture improves.Pay levels are status symbols.Jim's company is focusing on the ____________________ level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 55

Case 7.1
​
Antonio has a number of employees who report to him.He has been considering how to motivate these employees to higher levels of performance and productivity.Antonio believes that most people are motivated by the satisfaction they receive from doing their jobs.He thinks that workers have a personal need to do well on the job.Another manager,Dexter,argues that while Antonio may be right,it is important to offer financial incentives.Dexter believes that workers don't really want to come to work and that managers therefore have to provide a "carrot" to ensure quality and productivity.Part of his evidence is that employees keep complaining about pay,working conditions,and benefits even though the company pays well above average for the industry and the area.Several days after this conversation,both Dexter and Antonio attend a workshop on employee motivation that explains Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.
Refer to Case 7.1.During the workshop,Dexter learns that he has misunderstood why the employees are complaining about pay,working conditions,etc.The real reason,according to Herzberg's theory,is that they lack​

A) ​maintenance factors.
B) ​satisfaction of basic security and safety needs.
C) ​the feeling of being part of a "corporate" family.
D) ​motivational factors.

Question 56

____________________ is the set of influences that account for the initiation,direction,intensity,and persistence of behavior.It is the reason people do what they do.

Question 57

The more meaningful and fulfilling individuals find their work to be,the less likely they are to require ____________________ motivation.

Question 58

Case 7.1
​
Antonio has a number of employees who report to him.He has been considering how to motivate these employees to higher levels of performance and productivity.Antonio believes that most people are motivated by the satisfaction they receive from doing their jobs.He thinks that workers have a personal need to do well on the job.Another manager,Dexter,argues that while Antonio may be right,it is important to offer financial incentives.Dexter believes that workers don't really want to come to work and that managers therefore have to provide a "carrot" to ensure quality and productivity.Part of his evidence is that employees keep complaining about pay,working conditions,and benefits even though the company pays well above average for the industry and the area.Several days after this conversation,both Dexter and Antonio attend a workshop on employee motivation that explains Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.
Refer to Case 7.1.Dexter's approach to motivation would fit into which category according to Herzberg's theory of motivation?​

A) ​Motivational factors
B) ​Maintenance factors
C) ​Self-actualization factors
D) ​Motivation through incentives

Question 59

Donna was once only responsible for grant research;now,she has more responsibilities,including writing and reporting on grants.This type of job design is an example of ____________________.

Question 60

Compare Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory with Herzberg's motivation-maintenance theory.Include examples.

Question 61

Identify a person you know who demonstrates grit.Analyze the person's characteristics and behaviors that make you confident that he or she is truly "gritty."​

Question 62

Identify the five most influential theories of motivation outlined in the text.Compare and contrast their strengths and/or weaknesses.

Question 63

Imagine that you are starting your own business and will be hiring three employees.State the nature of your business and specifically describe how you will motivate your employees through all six contemporary motivational strategies.

Question 64

Create an action plan for reaching one of your goals that addresses all principles of the goal-setting theory.